Tc-Mapping and Investigation of Water-Initiated Modification of YBa2Cu3O7-x Thin Films by Low Temperature Scanning Electron Microscopy

The Tc -mapping method using low temperature scanning electron microscopy (LTSEM) has been developed to study the spatial distribution of the critical temperature in high temperature superconducting (HTSC) films with a spatial resolution approaching 2 μm. To achieve so high a spatial resolution, a numerical deconvolution method was applied that eliminated distorting effects associated with the thermal diffusion and with the contribution from the absorbed beam current. The Tc -mapping method was used to investigate modification by water of YBa2Cu3O7-x films grown on (100) MgO and (110) LaAIO3 substrates. The rate of modification of a [110]-oriented YBa2Cu3O7-x/LaAIO3 film is found to be 40 times that of a c-axis oriented YBa2Cu3O7-x/MgO epitaxial film. It is argued that water-initiated modification of the films results from penetration of hydrogen into the films, rather than from out-diffusion of oxygen

The prevalence of renewable energy in the Russian energy market

The energy crisis of 1973-1974 showed that it is difficult to constantly increase the power supply of production, based only on traditional energy sources. The power supply of society is the basis of its scientific and technological progress. It means that it is necessary to introduce unconventional, alternative energy sources more widely. Unlike fossil fuels, unconventional forms of energy are not limited to geologically reserves. Their use and consumption does not lead to the inevitable exhaustion of stocks. However, currently, the reform of world energy markets and increasing the share of renewable energy sources in their structure is a long and innovative process. Lots of countries (Russia in particular) bear significant risks because of reforming their own energy market, which causes a slight increase in the share of renewable energy sources. In this regard, the purpose of this study is to analyse the influence of environmental factors on the development of renewable energy sources in Russia. The result of this study is a system of econometric equations, which allows to evaluate the impact of changes in key drivers of the development of the renewable energy market