ECONOMIC EVALUATION AND FUTURE GROWTH TRENDS OF RAILWAY TRANSPORT DEVELOPMENT

The article contains the concept of sustainable development of economic systems. The approach to the interpretation of the concept of sustainability is given. The concept of sustainability of the transport system is also proposed. On the basis of the chosen methodology of sustainability assessment, statistical indicators of its assessment in the field of economy, social development and transport ecology are proposed. They indicate for a few years are calculated. It is revealed that the development of railway transport is sustainable, as well as close to sustainable. Tendencies of decrease of stability indicators mainly in the economic area are designated. The results of the study can be used as a basis for management decisions, and also reflection the necessary key indicators of sustainable development of rail transport at the program and planning documents. Key words: sustainable development, transport system stability; economic stability, social stability, ecological stability, the stability indicates

Манипуляция как форма проявления насилия В семье: эмпирический подход к рассмотрению проблемы

The article reflects the results of an empirical understanding of the problem of the manipulative interaction of children in relation to their parents. Based on the results of using the method of theoretical analysis and appealing to the works of both foreign - E. Bern, F. Zimbardo, R. Krauta, D. Price, M. Smith, R. Cialdini, E. Shostroma, and domestic – Afanasieva V.A., Bravoslavska S.V., Dotsenko E.L., Kara-Murza S., Kozachek O.V., Orlova L.V., Chesnokova O.B., Scherban E. and many other scientists, we believe that manipulation as a behavioral manifestation of people towards each other, can be considered not only as a form of influence and pressure, but also as a manifestation of violence. Of particular relevance are issues related to the manipulative interaction of parents in relation to their children and children in relation to their parents (the work of Bern E., Zimbardo F., Kraut R., Price D., Smith M., Shostroma E., Caldini R., etc.); Afanasieva V.A., Bravoslavska S.V., Dotsenko E.L., Kozachek O.V., Kara-Murza S., Orlova L.V., Chesnokova OB, Scherban E., etc.). Based on our analysis of research in the field of interest, we formulate the assumption that children manipulators grow in those families in which parents actively use this form of influence on others. In order to confirm or refute this assumption, we have developed a monitoring program, the implementation of which suggests that our hypothesis is confirmed. It is in those families that use ineffective contacts and forms of interaction with their children (and manipulation, we refer to this category of contacts), children grow up as manipulators, actively applying this form of violent influence on their parents.El artículo refleja los resultados de una comprensión empírica del problema de la interacción manipuladora de los niños en relación con sus padres. Basado en los resultados del uso del método de análisis teórico y atractivo para los trabajos de ambos extranjeros: E. Bern, F. Zimbardo, R. Krauta, D. Price, M. Smith, R. Cialdini, E. Shostroma y domésticos. - Afanasieva VA, Bravoslavska SV, Dotsenko EL, Kara-Murza S., Kozachek OV, Orlova LV, Chesnokova OB, Scherban E. y muchos otros científicos, creemos que la manipulación como una manifestación conductual de las personas entre sí, puede considerarse no solo como una forma de influencia y presión, sino también como una manifestación de violencia. De particular relevancia son los temas relacionados con la interacción manipuladora de los padres en relación con sus hijos y los niños en relación con sus padres (el trabajo de Bern E., Zimbardo F., Kraut R., Price D., Smith M., Shostroma E ., Caldini R., etc.); Afanasieva V.A., Bravoslavska S.V., Dotsenko E.L., Kozachek O.V., Kara-Murza S., Orlova L.V., Chesnokova OB, Scherban E., etc.). Con base en nuestro análisis de investigación en el campo de interés, formulamos la suposición de que los manipuladores de niños crecen en aquellas familias en las que los padres usan activamente esta forma de influencia en los demás. Para confirmar o refutar esta suposición, hemos desarrollado un programa de monitoreo, cuya implementación sugiere que nuestra hipótesis está confirmada. Es en esas familias que usan contactos ineficaces y formas de interacción con sus hijos (y manipulación, nos referimos a esta categoría de contactos), los niños crecen como manipuladores, aplicando activamente esta forma de influencia violenta en sus padres.В статье отражены результаты эмпирического осмысления проблемы манипулятивного взаимодействия детей по отношению к своим родителям. Основываясь на результатах использования метода теоретического анализа и апеллируя к работам как зарубежных-Э. Берн, Ф. Зимбардо, Р. краута, Д. Прайс, М. Смит, Р. Чалдини, Е. Шостром, так и отечественных-Афанасьева В. А., Бравославская С. В., Доценко Е. Л., Кара-Мурза С., Козачек О. В., Орлова Л. В., Чеснокова О. Б., Щербань Е. и многие другие ученые, мы считаем, что манипуляция как поведенческое проявление людей по отношению друг к другу, может рассматриваться не только как форма влияния и давления, но и как проявление насилия. Особую актуальность приобретают вопросы, связанные с манипулятивным взаимодействием родителей по отношению к своим детям и детей по отношению к своим родителям (работы Берна Э., Зимбардо Ф., краута Р., Прайса Д., Смита М., Шострома Е., Кальдини р. и др.); Афанасьева В. А., Бравославская С. В., Доценко Е. Л., Козачек О. В., Кара-Мурза С., Орлова Л. В., Чеснокова О. Б., Щербань Е. и др.). На основе проведенного нами анализа исследований в интересующей нас области сформулировано предположение о том, что дети-манипуляторы растут в тех семьях, в которых родители активно используют эту форму воздействия на окружающих. Для того, чтобы подтвердить или опровергнуть это предположение, мы разработали программу мониторинга, реализация которого предполагает, что наша гипотеза подтверждается. Именно в тех семьях, которые используют неэффективные контакты и формы взаимодействия со своими детьми (а манипуляцию мы относим к этой категории контактов), дети растут как манипуляторы, активно применяя эту форму насильственного воздействия на своих родителей

Analysis of life expectancy in Russian regions

This study deals with the analysis of the factors that determine life expectancy in Russia at the macro level. Among the available statistical indicators, those were selected that can be considered as a macroeconomic alternative to the basic microeconomic determinants affecting the life expectancy of an individual. As a result of the regression analysis, significant indicators were identified, which included the marriage rate, the unemployment rate, the number of students, the number of hospital beds, the gross regional product, budget expenditures on health care, and the region’s subtropical climate. A cluster analysis of the regions was also carried out for these indicators, with the exception of the last one, and it was shown that the regions are distributed into 5 clusters. The cluster, which includes Moscow and St. Petersburg, where there is a high life expectancy due to the metropolitan area of these regions and good medicine, is singled out separately. The regions of the North Caucasus are also characterized by high life expectancy, but here it is due to completely different reasons: religious and climatic features. The Tyumen, Magadan, Sakhalin regions and the Chukotka Autonomous Okrug are united into a separate cluster. These regions are characterized by the highest GRP, but low life expectancy and the lowest number of students

Racial differences in systemic sclerosis disease presentation: a European Scleroderma Trials and Research group study

Objectives. Racial factors play a significant role in SSc. We evaluated differences in SSc presentations between white patients (WP), Asian patients (AP) and black patients (BP) and analysed the effects of geographical locations.Methods. SSc characteristics of patients from the EUSTAR cohort were cross-sectionally compared across racial groups using survival and multiple logistic regression analyses.Results. The study included 9162 WP, 341 AP and 181 BP. AP developed the first non-RP feature faster than WP but slower than BP. AP were less frequently anti-centromere (ACA; odds ratio (OR) = 0.4, P < 0.001) and more frequently anti-topoisomerase-I autoantibodies (ATA) positive (OR = 1.2, P = 0.068), while BP were less likely to be ACA and ATA positive than were WP [OR(ACA) = 0.3, P < 0.001; OR(ATA) = 0.5, P = 0.020]. AP had less often (OR = 0.7, P = 0.06) and BP more often (OR = 2.7, P < 0.001) diffuse skin involvement than had WP.AP and BP were more likely to have pulmonary hypertension [OR(AP) = 2.6, P < 0.001; OR(BP) = 2.7, P = 0.03 vs WP] and a reduced forced vital capacity [OR(AP) = 2.5, P < 0.001; OR(BP) = 2.4, P < 0.004] than were WP. AP more often had an impaired diffusing capacity of the lung than had BP and WP [OR(AP vs BP) = 1.9, P = 0.038; OR(AP vs WP) = 2.4, P < 0.001]. After RP onset, AP and BP had a higher hazard to die than had WP [hazard ratio (HR) (AP) = 1.6, P = 0.011; HR(BP) = 2.1, P < 0.001].Conclusion. Compared with WP, and mostly independent of geographical location, AP have a faster and earlier disease onset with high prevalences of ATA, pulmonary hypertension and forced vital capacity impairment and higher mortality. BP had the fastest disease onset, a high prevalence of diffuse skin involvement and nominally the highest mortality

IMPORTANCE OF CYCLOPHOSPHANUM IN THE TREATMENT OF INTERSTITIAL LUNG LESION IN PATIENTS WITH SCLERODERMA SYSTEMATICA (A REVIEW OF LITERATURE)

Interstitial lung diseases (ILD) are a common manifestation of scleroderma systematica (SSD) that along with pulmonary arterial hypertension remains the leading cause of death in this nosological entity. As of now, cyclophosphanum remains the only immunosuppressant recommended by the European League against Rheumatism for the treatment of ILD in SSD. The paper analyzes the papers providing evidence for the efficacy of cyclophosphanum in ILD in patients with SSD. It also considers the regimens and duration of treatment with cyclophosphanum, ways of evaluating its efficacy and effects on extrapulmonary manifestations of SSD. It is concluded that cyclophosphanum has a positive, predominantly stabilizing, effect on the course of ILD in SSD

Analysis of life expectancy in Russian regions

This study deals with the analysis of the factors that determine life expectancy in Russia at the macro level. Among the available statistical indicators, those were selected that can be considered as a macroeconomic alternative to the basic microeconomic determinants affecting the life expectancy of an individual. As a result of the regression analysis, significant indicators were identified, which included the marriage rate, the unemployment rate, the number of students, the number of hospital beds, the gross regional product, budget expenditures on health care, and the region’s subtropical climate. A cluster analysis of the regions was also carried out for these indicators, with the exception of the last one, and it was shown that the regions are distributed into 5 clusters. The cluster, which includes Moscow and St. Petersburg, where there is a high life expectancy due to the metropolitan area of these regions and good medicine, is singled out separately. The regions of the North Caucasus are also characterized by high life expectancy, but here it is due to completely different reasons: religious and climatic features. The Tyumen, Magadan, Sakhalin regions and the Chukotka Autonomous Okrug are united into a separate cluster. These regions are characterized by the highest GRP, but low life expectancy and the lowest number of students

Assessment of lung ultrasound in patients with scleroderma systematica and interstitial lung disease

Objective: to estimate the informative value and reproducibility of ultrasound study (USS) in interstitial lung disease (ILD) in patients with scleroderma systematica (SDS) and to compare ultrasound lung comet (ULC) scores with the data of multislice spiral computed tomography (MSCT) of the lung and its function tests. Subjects and methods. Forty patients with SSD and ILD were examined. According to the extent of lung injury, the patients were divided into two groups: 1) 12 patients with significantly pronounced changes (>20% lung involvement, as evidenced by MSCT); 2) 28 patients with just noticeable changes (<20% lung involvement). ULC scoring was used to record the results of lung USS. Results. In the SDS patients from Group 1, the ULC scores were significantly higher than those in Group 2 (113.6+48.3 and 35.3+32.7, respectively; р < 0.0005). Those in the entire group were inversely correlated with forced vital capacity (r = -0.56; р < 0.05) and diffuse lung capacity (r = -0.57; р < 0.05). Assessment of the reproducibility of ULC scoring disclosed no significant differences in the data obtained by two investigators; the Kendall concordance coefficient turned out to be rather high (r = 0.81; p < 0.001). Conclusion. Lung USS may be used as a simple, well-reproducible additional study of ILD in SDS, which can identify lung fibrosis and estimate its extent