Finite simple exceptional groups of Lie type in which all subgroups of odd index are pronormal

A subgroup H of a group G is said to be pronormal in G if H and H g are conjugate in 〈 H, H g〉 for every g ∈ G. In this paper, we determine the finite simple groups of type E 6 (q) and E 6 2 (q) in which all the subgroups of odd index are pronormal. Thus, we complete a classification of finite simple exceptional groups of Lie type in which all the subgroups of odd index are pronormal. © 2020 Walter de Gruyter GmbH, Berlin/Boston 2020.This work was supported by the Russian Science Foundation (project 19-71-10067)

ЭКСПЕРТНАЯ ОЦЕНКА САМОДЕЛЬНЫХ ГРАНАТ ДЛЯ СТРАЙКБОЛА

The paper presents the results of forensic analysis of improvised dummy grenades modeled after the airsoft hand grenade RGS-4 for use in tactical simulation wargames like «Airsoft». Initial testing by experts affiliated with a different system of forensic science institutes led to the conclusion that these devices are capable of producing explosions and causing fragmentation damage. The purpose of this study conducted by two forensic science centers of the Ministry of Justice of the Russian Federation was to correct the classification of improvised devices as explosive devices. Results indicate that these devices that consist of a cardboard (paper) or rubber-like casing filled with dried peas, with a «Korsar-4» firecracker in the middle, have the formal characteristics of an explosive device but cannot be regarded as such (as per Article 222 of the Criminal Code of the Russian Federation), since they are in effect typical imitation pyrotechnic devices similar to dummy hand grenades RGS-4 and display no significant damaging properties.Приведены результаты экспертных исследований самодельных имитационных гранат типа РГС-4, используемых в сценарной военно-тактической игре «Страйкбол», которые ранее по результатам взрывотехнических экспертиз, выполненных в другой экспертной системе России, признали пригодными для производства взрыва и обладающими поражающим осколочным действием. Повторные экспертизы, проведенные в судебно-экспертных учреждениях Минюста России, установили, что эти самодельные имитационные гранаты хотя и имеют формальные признаки взрывного устройства, но не могут быть классифицированы как взрывные (по ст. 222 УК РФ), поскольку являются типичными имитационно-пиротехническими изделиями и не обладают выраженными поражающими свойствами

Landscape science: a Russian geographical tradition

The Russian geographical tradition of landscape science (landshaftovedenie) is analyzed with particular reference to its initiator, Lev Semenovich Berg (1876-1950). The differences between prevailing Russian and Western concepts of landscape in geography are discussed, and their common origins in German geographical thought in the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries are delineated. It is argued that the principal differences are accounted for by a number of factors, of which Russia's own distinctive tradition in environmental science deriving from the work of V. V. Dokuchaev (1846-1903), the activities of certain key individuals (such as Berg and C. O. Sauer), and the very different social and political circumstances in different parts of the world appear to be the most significant. At the same time it is noted that neither in Russia nor in the West have geographers succeeded in specifying an agreed and unproblematic understanding of landscape, or more broadly in promoting a common geographical conception of human-environment relationships. In light of such uncertainties, the latter part of the article argues for closer international links between the variant landscape traditions in geography as an important contribution to the quest for sustainability

Ellipsoidal configurations in the de Sitter spacetime

The cosmological constant $\Lambda$ modifies certain properties of large astrophysical rotating configurations with ellipsoidal geometries, provided the objects are not too compact. Assuming an equilibrium configuration and so using the tensor virial equation with $\Lambda$ we explore several equilibrium properties of homogeneous rotating ellipsoids. One shows that the bifurcation point, which in the oblate case distinguishes the Maclaurin ellipsoid from the Jacobi ellipsoid, is sensitive to the cosmological constant. Adding to that, the cosmological constant allows triaxial configurations of equilibrium rotating the minor axis as solutions of the virial equations. The significance of the result lies in the fact that minor axis rotation is indeed found in nature. Being impossible for the oblate case, it is permissible for prolate geometries, with $\Lambda$ zero and positive. For the triaxial case, however, an equilibrium solution is found only for non-zero positive $\Lambda$. Finally, we solve the tensor virial equation for the angular velocity and display special effects of the cosmological constant there.Comment: 15 pages, 11 figures, published in Class. Quant. Grav. References adde

FORENSIC ASSESSMENT OF HOMEMADE AIRSOFT GRENADES

The paper presents the results of forensic analysis of improvised dummy grenades modeled after the airsoft hand grenade RGS-4 for use in tactical simulation wargames like «Airsoft». Initial testing by experts affiliated with a different system of forensic science institutes led to the conclusion that these devices are capable of producing explosions and causing fragmentation damage. The purpose of this study conducted by two forensic science centers of the Ministry of Justice of the Russian Federation was to correct the classification of improvised devices as explosive devices. Results indicate that these devices that consist of a cardboard (paper) or rubber-like casing filled with dried peas, with a «Korsar-4» firecracker in the middle, have the formal characteristics of an explosive device but cannot be regarded as such (as per Article 222 of the Criminal Code of the Russian Federation), since they are in effect typical imitation pyrotechnic devices similar to dummy hand grenades RGS-4 and display no significant damaging properties