The Dynamics of the Bounds of Squared Concurrence

We study the dynamics of upper and lower bounds of squared concurrence.Our results are similar to that of Konard et al. and can help the estimation of high-dimension bipartite entanglement in experiments.Comment: 5 pages, 2 figures accepted by PR

Numerical study of pneumatic conveying of powders

The dense phase mode may be advantageous over the dilute phase mode, for some pneumatic conveying problems, because it causes less erosion of the pipeline, less attrition of the material, requires less dust collection and is effective even for smaller pipe diameters. The objective of this study is to numerically determine the parameters that govern the formation slugs in dense phase conveying. The distributed Lagrange multiplier/fictitious domain method (Glowinski et al. 1998 and Singh et al. 2000) is used to perform direct simulations of the motion of solid and gas phases in pipes with rectangular cross-sections. In this approach the exact governing equations are solved at scales finer than the particle size and no ad hoc two-phase flow model is used. Simulations are started by placing a particle slug in the flow. Several cases were simulated to understand the role of gravity, the particle density and the strength of applied pressure gradient in the formation and destruction of slugs. When the applied pressure gradient is increased the slugs become more compact, their velocity in the flow direction increases and they remain intact for longer time durations. A reduction in the pressure gradient, on the other hand, causes the particle velocity to decrease and consequently they sediment and simply roll on the bottom. The reduced gravity causes the slug to disintegrate and the center of mass of the slug moves upwards against gravity. The increased viscosity of the fluid, for a fixed pressure gradient, causes the particle to settle on the bottom of the channel under gravity

Extortion and Informal Sector in a Small Open Economy

Informal economy involving unrecorded, unregistered, extra legal activities employs majority of the workforce in the developing world. Such extra legal existence of informal manufacturing and service sectors is facilitated through extortion by agents of political forces in power. Such extortion activities themselves constitute an informal segment. We develop a general equilibrium model to explore the possible consequences of a change in the degree of extortion, change in the quality of administration, tariff reform etc. Economic reform of various kinds has interesting effects on the size of the extortion sector. Various reformatory policies may actually lead to an expansion of the informal sector.International Trade, Extortion, General Equilibrium.

Entanglement distribution maximization over one-side Gaussian noisy channel

The optimization of entanglement evolution for two-mode Gaussian pure states under one-side Gaussian map is studied. Even there isn't complete information about the one-side Gaussian noisy channel, one can still maximize the entanglement distribution by testing the channel with only two specific states

The Immediate Effects of Static versus Proprioceptive Neuromuscular Facilitation Stretching with Kinesiology Taping on Hamstring Flexibility in Teenage Taekwondo Players

Introduction: This study evaluated the acute responses to static stretching versus the proprioceptive neuromuscular facilitation stretching technique with and without applying kinesio tape on hamstring muscle flexibility, as scarce evidence exists in this field. Materials and Methods: Twenty teenage professional black/red belt taekwondo players participated in this study. Proprioceptive Neuromuscular Facilitation (PNF) and static hamstring stretching was performed for both legs of each subject. Then a Y-shape Kinesio Tape (KT) with 30% tension was applied over one leg chosen randomly. Active Knee Extension Test (AKET) and Passive Straight Leg Raise (PSLR) were performed at base line, immediately and 24 hours after interventions. Results: Repeated measures ANOVA was used to statistically analyze the data. PSLR test results demonstrated a significant increase in hamstring flexibility over time, while the AKET results showed no significant changes. No significant differences were observed between PNF and Static stretch (SS) or the KT and Non-Taped (NT) groups immediately or after 24 hours. Conclusion: The current study showed that there is no superiority in SS or PNF stretching techniques for increasing hamstring flexibility, and using KT over stretched muscles could not help improve flexibility.Keywords: Flexibility; Kinesiology taping; Stretching; Taekwondo playe