DNA Fingerprinting Validates Seed Dispersal Curves from Observational Studies in the Neotropical Legume Parkia

Background: Determining the distances over which seeds are dispersed is a crucial component for examining spatial patterns of seed dispersal and their consequences for plant reproductive success and population structure. However, following the fate of individual seeds after removal from the source tree till deposition at a distant place is generally extremely difficult. Here we provide a comparison of observationally and genetically determined seed dispersal distances and dispersal curves in a Neotropical animal-plant system. Methodology/Principal Findings: In a field study on the dispersal of seeds of three Parkia (Fabaceae) species by two Neotropical primate species, Saguinus fuscicollis and Saguinus mystax, in Peruvian Amazonia, we observationally determined dispersal distances. These dispersal distances were then validated through DNA fingerprinting, by matching DNA from the maternally derived seed coat to DNA from potential source trees. We found that dispersal distances are strongly rightskewed, and that distributions obtained through observational and genetic methods and fitted distributions do not differ significantly from each other. Conclusions/Significance: Our study showed that seed dispersal distances can be reliably estimated through observational methods when a strict criterion for inclusion of seeds is observed. Furthermore, dispersal distances produced by the two primate species indicated that these primates fulfil one of the criteria for efficient seed dispersers. Finally, our stud

Actigraph Accelerometer-Defined Boundaries for Sedentary Behaviour and Physical Activity Intensities in 7 Year Old Children

Background: Accurate objective assessment of sedentary and physical activity behaviours during childhood is integral to the understanding of their relation to later health outcomes, as well as to documenting the frequency and distribution of physical activity within a population.Purpose: To calibrate the Actigraph GT1M accelerometer, using energy expenditure (EE) as the criterion measure, to define thresholds for sedentary behaviour and physical activity categories suitable for use in a large scale epidemiological study in young children.Methods: Accelerometer-based assessments of physical activity (counts per minute) were calibrated against EE measures (kcal.kg(-1).hr(-1)) obtained over a range of exercise intensities using a COSMED K4b(2) portable metabolic unit in 53 seven-year-old children. Children performed seven activities: lying down viewing television, sitting upright playing a computer game, slow walking, brisk walking, jogging, hopscotch and basketball. Threshold count values were established to identify sedentary behaviour and light, moderate and vigorous physical activity using linear discriminant analysis (LDA) and evaluated using receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis.Results: EE was significantly associated with counts for all non-sedentary activities with the exception of jogging. Threshold values for accelerometer counts (counts. minute(-1)) were = 3841 for light, moderate and vigorous physical activity respectively. The area under the ROC curves for discrimination of sedentary behaviour and vigorous activity were 0.98. Boundaries for light and moderate physical activity were less well defined (0.61 and 0.60 respectively). Sensitivity and specificity were higher for sedentary (99% and 97%) and vigorous (95% and 91%) than for light (60% and 83%) and moderate (61% and 76%) thresholds.Conclusion: The accelerometer cut points established in this study can be used to classify sedentary behaviour and to distinguish between light, moderate and vigorous physical activity in children of this age

Analiza związków pomiędzy wybranymi parametrami eksploatacji pojazdów w firmie transportowej

This paper presents results of the statistical analysis of the operating parameters of a vehicle population, which was operated by the Polish Mail delivery office in Lublin. The calculations were based on data from service in 2009.W artykule opisano wyniki analizy statystycznej wybranych parametrów eksploatacyjnych populacji pojazdów należących do lubelskiego centrum logistycznego Poczty Polskiej. Obliczenia przeprowadzono na podstawie danych zebranych w 2009 r

Analiza kosztów napraw pojazdów na przykładzie wybranej firmy transportowej. Cz. I

This paper presents results of the statistical analysis of the operating parameters of a vehicle population, which was operated by the Poczta Polska (Polish Mail) delivery office in Lublin. The calculations was based on data from service in the years 2008–2010.W artykule opisano wyniki analizy statystycznej wybranych parametrów eksploatacyjnych populacji pojazdów należących do lubelskiego centrum logistycznego Poczty Polskiej. Obliczenia przeprowadzono na podstawie danych zebranych w latach 2008–2010

Damage analysis systems based on bus safety communications company car "East" in Lublin

W artykule zaprezentowano analizy związane z naprawami układów bezpieczeństwa pojazdów komunikacji podmiejskiej. Zaliczamy do nich układ kierowniczy, hamulcowy oraz zawieszenie. Badana grupa pojazdów stanowią autobusy podmiejskie takie jak: Scania Irizar, Solbus. Informacje o naprawach dotyczą okresu od lipca 2008 r. do października 2012 r.The article presents the analysis related to repairs of vehicle safety communication systems suburb. They include steering, brakes and suspension. The study group are vehicles such as suburban buses: Scania Irizar, Solbus. Repair information covers the period from July 2008 to October 2012

Analiza kosztów napraw pojazdów na przykładzie wybranej firmy transportowej. Cz. II

This paper presents the next results of the statistical analysis of the operating parameters of numbers of vehicle, which was operated by the Poczta Polska (Polish Mail) delivery office in Lublin. The calculations were based on data from service in the years 2008–2010.W artykule opisano dalsze wyniki analizy statystycznej wybranych parametrów eksploatacyjnych populacji pojazdów należących do lubelskiego centrum logistycznego Poczty Polskiej. Obliczenia przeprowadzono na podstawie danych zebranych w latach 2008–2010