FEATURES OF HEMORRHAGIC FEVER WITH RENAL SYNDROME AMONG CHILDREN POPULATION OF THE PRIMORSKI KRAI

Hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome is a widespread natural-borne infection of orthohantavirus etiology in the territory of the  Russian Federation. Male patients of working age dominated, which  is associated with their professional and social activity. Although the  rate of children among all cases of this infection in our country is 2.5 %, the variety of clinical symptoms causes the problem in the diagnostic of this disease.The purpose of this work was to study the characteristics of  orthohantavirus infection among children and adolescents of  Primorski Krai.Materials and methods. A retrospective analysis of 60 serologically confirmed cases of orthohantavirus infection in children and  adolescents was carried out. Patients were divided into age  subgroups with a link to the possibility of infection in the urban or rural locations.Results. The prevalence of men aged 15-17 years among all studied patients was established. However, children starting from 3 years old are at risk of infection in rural areas of the region too, which is  related to proximity of natural landscapes. Circulation in the  Primorski Krai of two pathogenic orthohantaviruses (Hantaan and  Seoul) causes yearround registration of human orthohantavirus infection, including children.Conclusion. The Primorski Krai is an endemic territory for orthohantavirus infection, with the simultaneous circulation of  several orthohantaviruses. Risk of infection within all categories of  the population, including children, in whom the disease can occur  more often in a moderate form and with variety of different  symptoms, is related with the activation of the epizootic process in the rodent’s populations

THE DYNAMICS OF ORTHOHANTAVIRUS HANTAAN STRAINS REPLICATION ON THE MODEL OF MOUSE PERITONEAL MACROPHAGES

Orthohantaviruses (Orthohantavirus genus, Hantaviridae family) are the causative agents of a widespread natural focal infection in the  Russian Federation, hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome (HFRS).  An important role in the persistence of orthohantavirus in reservoir  hosts among other immunological responses, as well as in the  spread of the virus in the infected organism, is played by infected  macrophages, which, along with the vascular endothelium, are the main targets for orthohantaviruses.The aim of our study was to investigate the characteristics of replication of orthohantavirus Hantaan strains isolated from  Apodemus mice and detect the influence of different values of  multiplicity of infection (MOI) on replication dynamics of orthohantaviruses on cell culture.Materials and methods. We used 4 strains of Hantaan virus, isolated from A. agrarius (n = 2) and A. peninsulae (n = 2), captured in the different areas of Primorsky Krai of Russia. The  modeling of infection was performed on the primary cell culture of  mouse peritoneal macrophages with different MOI (from 10 to 0.1).  The assessing of infection was conducted via indirect fluorescent  antibody assay, and results were expressed as rate of antigen- positive cells per all cells in the field of vision. Results. Common dynamics of orthohantavirus infection on this in vitro model was characterized by periodically increased rates of  infected cells after 2, 4, 6 и 8 hours post infection (p.i.). Replication  of A. agrarius-borne strains was more intensive compare with  viruses, isolated from A. peninsulae, in the time point 4 hour p.i. on  the background the same MOI the statistically significant difference  of rate of antigen-positive cell 24.9 ± 2.38 % vs 15.2 ± 1.87 % (t =  3.20; p = 0.001414) was observed. Additionally, the decrease of MOI was followed by determined decrease of replication effectivity.Conclusion. The results of our study showed the significant phenotyping heterogeneity of orthohantavirus Hantaan strains,  isolated from Apodemus mice, resulting in different rates of  replication in the culture of mouse peritoneal macrophages

Интернет-дневник как форма военного репортажа

The article considers the Internet diary as a modern form of military report. The lexical and syntactic potential of this type of report is analyzed, as well as the author's role in the representation of eventuality.В статье рассматривается Интернет-дневник как современная форма военного репортажа. Анализируется лексический и синтаксический потенциал данного типа репортажа, а также роль автора в репрезентации событийности

Observation of nonlinearity-controlled switching of topological edge states

We report the experimental observation of the periodic switching of topological edge states between two dimerized fs-laser written waveguide arrays. Switching occurs due to the overlap of the modal fields of the edge states from topological forbidden gap, when they are simultaneously present in two arrays brought into close proximity. We found that the phenomenon occurs for both strongly and weakly localized edge states and that switching rate increases with decreasing spacing between the topological arrays. When topological arrays are brought in contact with nontopological ones, switching in topological gap does not occur, while one observes either the formation of nearly stationary topological interface mode or strongly asymmetric diffraction into the nontopological array depending on the position of the initial excitation. Switching between topological arrays can be controlled and even completely arrested by increasing the peak power of the input signal, as we observed with different array spacings.Comment: 8 pages, 6 figure

Observation of edge solitons in topological trimer arrays

We report the experimental observation of nonlinear light localization and edge soliton formation at the edges of fs-laser written trimer waveguide arrays, where transition from nontopological to topological phases is controlled by the spacing between neighboring trimers. We found that, in the former regime, edge solitons occur only above a considerable power threshold, whereas in the latter one they bifurcate from linear states. Edge solitons are observed in a broad power range where their propagation constant falls into one of the topological gaps of the system, while partial delocalization is observed when considerable nonlinearity drives the propagation constant into an allowed band, causing coupling with bulk modes. Our results provide direct experimental evidence of the coexistence and selective excitation in the same or in different topological gaps of two types of topological edge solitons with different internal structures, which can rarely be observed even in nontopological systems. This also constitutes the first experimental evidence of formation of topological solitons in a nonlinear system with more than one topological gap.The authors acknowledge funding of this study by RSF (grant 21‐12‐00096). Also, support by CEX2019‐000910‐S [funded by MCIN/AEI/10.13039/501100011033], Fundació Cellex, Fundació Mir‐Puig, and Generalitat de Catalunya (CERCA) is acknowledged.Peer ReviewedPostprint (author's final draft

Observation of nonlinear disclination states

Introduction of controllable deformations into periodic materials that lead to disclinations in their structure opens novel routes for construction of higher-order topological insulators hosting topological states at disclinations. Appearance of these topological states is consistent with the bulk-disclination correspondence principle, and is due to the filling anomaly that results in fractional charges to the boundary unit cells. So far, topological disclination states were observed only in the linear regime, while the interplay between nonlinearity and topology in the systems with disclinations has been never studied experimentally. We report here bon the experimental observation of the nonlinear photonic disclination states in waveguide arrays with pentagonal or heptagonal disclination cores inscribed in transparent optical medium using the fs-laser writing technique. The transition between nontopological and topological phases in such structures is controlled by the Kekul\'e distortion coefficient $r$ with topological phase hosting simultaneously disclination states at the inner disclination core and spatially separated from them corner, zero-energy, and extended edge states at the outer edge of the structure. We show that the robust nonlinear disclination states bifurcate from their linear counterparts and that location of their propagation constants in the gap and, hence, their spatial localization can be controlled by their power. Nonlinear disclination states can be efficiently excited by Gaussian input beams, but only if they are focused into the waveguides belonging to the disclination core, where such topological states reside.Comment: 11 pages, 6 figure

Observation of π\pi solitons in oscillating waveguide arrays

Floquet systems with periodically varying in time parameters enable realization of unconventional topological phases that do not exist in static systems with constant parameters and that are frequently accompanied by appearance of novel types of the topological states. Among such Floquet systems are the Su-Schrieffer-Heeger lattices with periodically-modulated couplings that can support at their edges anomalous $\pi$ modes of topological origin despite the fact that the lattice spends only half of the evolution period in topologically nontrivial phase, while during other half-period it is topologically trivial. Here, using Su-Schrieffer-Heeger arrays composed from periodically oscillating waveguides inscribed in transparent nonlinear optical medium, we report experimental observation of photonic anomalous $\pi$ modes residing at the edge or in the corner of the one- or two-dimensional arrays, respectively, and demonstrate a new class of topological $\pi$ solitons bifurcating from such modes in the topological gap of the Floquet spectrum at high powers. $\pi$ solitons reported here are strongly oscillating nonlinear Floquet states exactly reproducing their profiles after each longitudinal period of the structure. They can be dynamically stable in both one- and two-dimensional oscillating waveguide arrays, the latter ones representing the first realization of the Floquet photonic higher-order topological insulator, while localization properties of such $\pi$ solitons are determined by their power.Comment: 10 pages, 6 figures, to appear in Science Bulleti