Opisthorchis felineus infection, risks, and morbidity in rural Western Siberia, Russian Federation

The liver fluke, Opisthorchis felineus, is widely distributed throughout Europe and large parts of the Russian Federation. In Western Siberia, information about opisthorchiasis is lacking although infection may lead to severe liver and bile duct diseases. We aimed to assess the current prevalence of O. felineus infection along with associated risk factors and morbidity in rural Western Siberia.; We conducted a community-based, cross-sectional study in the rural Shegarskiy district, Tomsk Oblast, Russian Federation. All household members (≥ 7 years) present on the survey day were enrolled (n = 600). Two stool samples per person were examined for helminth eggs, using PARASEP (DiaSys Ltd, UK). The number of eggs per gram (EPG) of feces was recorded. Each study participant was interviewed to determine risk factors, using a pre-tested questionnaire. An abdominal ultrasonography examination of liver and bile ducts was performed with a mobile, high resolution ultrasound device. In total, 488 persons completed assessments (two stool samples, completed questionnaires); of those, 436 individuals had an ultrasonography (US) examination.; We observed a prevalence of O. felineus infection of 60.2%. Significant risk factors for infection were the consumption of river fish (odds ratio from adjusted analysis [aOR] 2.4, 95% CI 1.52-3.95, p<0.001), particularly stock fish (OR from multivariable analysis [mOR] 3.2, 95% CI 2.63-3.80, p<0.001), smoked fish (mOR 1.5, 95% CI 1.24-1.72, p<0.001), frozen fish (mOR 1.6, 95% CI 1.29-2.02, p<0.001), and raw fish (mOR 1.4, 95% CI 1.05-1.84, p = 0.02); and fishing activities (mOR 1.2, 95% CI 1.03-1.43, p = 0.019). Women had a higher risk of infection than men. Infection was associated positively with age and negatively with socio-economic status. The respondents' general awareness of opisthorchiasis was quite high (93.2%), but their knowledge about infection transmission and prevention was insufficient. Children aged 7-18 years old had a lower level of awareness compared to adults. The abdominal ultrasonography results demonstrated a strong association between O. felineus infection and gallbladder stones (mOR 2.8, 95% CI 1.33-6.04, p = 0.007) and periductal fibrosis of intrahepatic bile ducts (mOR 1.9, 95% CI 1.08-3.46, p = 0.026).; O. felineus infection is highly prevalent in rural regions of Western Siberia, and associated with severe hepatobiliary pathology. Identified risk factors will be used to develop a comprehensive targeted O. felineus infection control program

Характеристика основных показателей периферической крови у подростков в Томской области

Background. The adolescent period is characterized by the features of growth and development of the organism when the risk of a number of diseases increases under the conditions of hormonal adjustment and under the influence of environmental factors. Objective. Our aim was to determine the reference values of the main values of peripheral blood and the prevalence of anemia in adolescents residing in the territory of the Tomsk region. Methods. We studied the results of medical examination of children aged from 13 to 16 years. To determine the main values of the general blood test (erythrocytes, hemoglobin, leukocytes, erythrocyte sedimentation rate), an automatic hematological analyzer was used. Evaluation of physical development was carried out by standard methods. The analysis of the results was carried out considering the sex, living conditions, weight, height, and body mass index. Results. We analyzed the values of peripheral blood of 7,120 adolescents. Rated values corresponded to the conventional age norms. The hemoglobin level and the number of erythrocytes are associated with the body weight, height, and body mass index of the respondents. Anemia of varying severity was recorded in 618/7,120 (8.7%) adolescents. More often anemia was verified in rural areas (OR 1.52; CI 95% 1.28–1.80) as well as in females (OR 2.62; CI 95% 2.18–3.15). Conclusion. Regional features of peripheral blood values and the prevalence of anemia in adolescents of the Tomsk region have been determined. Подростковый период характеризуется особенностями роста и развития организма, когда в условиях гормональной перестройки под воздействием факторов внешней среды увеличивается риск формирования ряда заболеваний. Цель исследования — определить референсные значения основных показателей периферической крови и распространенность анемии у подростков, проживающих на территории Томской области. Методы. Изучали результаты диспансеризации детей в возрасте от 13 до 16 лет. Для определения основных показателей общего анализа крови (эритроциты, гемоглобин, лейкоциты, скорость оседания эритроцитов) использовался автоматический гематологический анализатор. Оценка физического развития проводилась стандартными методами. Анализ результатов проводили с учетом пола, условий проживания, веса, роста и индекса массы тела. Результаты. Проанализированы показатели периферической крови 7120 подростков. Значения показателей соответствовали условным возрастным нормам. Уровень гемоглобина и количество эритроцитов ассоциированы с массой тела, ростом и индексом массы тела респондентов. Анемия различной степени тяжести была зарегистрирована у 618/7120 (8,7%) под-ростков. Чаще анемию верифицировали у жителей сельских районов (OR 1,52; CI 95% 1,28–1,80), а также у лиц женского пола (OR 2,62; CI 95% 2,18–3,15). Заключение. Установлены региональные особенности показателей периферической крови и степень распространенности анемии у подростков Томской области.

Половое развитие подростков в Томской области

Background. Sexual development of adolescents is one of the important indicators of the population well-being, the study of which, in the context of the world trend towards a change in the period of puberty, can contribute to the identification of public health problems. Objective. Our aim was to study the basic indicators of sexual development of adolescents and to determine the regional characteristics of this population. Methods. The evaluation of secondary sexual characteristics was carried out by specialists according to Tanner criteria. Ultrasound examination of organs of the reproductive system was carried out using a portable scanner Mindray M7. The analysis of the results was carried out taking into account the gender, living conditions, physical development. Results. We examined 7,120 adolescents aged from 13 to 16 years. The degree of axillary hair distribution by Tanner criteria was 2.4±0.7 in young men, 2.9±0.4 — in girls, pubic hair — 2.0±0.9 and 2.6±0.8, respectively. The indicator of development of mammary glands by Tanner criteria in girls was 2.6±0.8, menstrual function by Tanner criteria — 2.4±0.8. Herewith, urban adolescents had later terms of appearance of the secondary sexual characteristics in comparison with the inhabitants of rural areas. Conclusion. We registered the delayed sexual development in 8.1% of girls and 13.6% of young men. Urban youths have experienced a delay in gonadal growth. Among the female population there was an outstripping growth and development of the uterus and ovaries in comparison with rural adolescents. Половое развитие подростков — один из важных показателей благополучия населения, изучение которого в условиях мировой тенденции к изменению сроков наступления пубертатного периода может способствовать выявлению проблем общественного здравоохранения. Цель исследования — изучить основные показатели полового развития подростков и определить региональные особенности данной популяции. Методы. Оценка вторичных половых признаков проводилась врачами-специалистами по критериям Tanner. Ультразвуковое исследование органов репродуктивной системы осуществлялось при помощи переносного сканера Mindray M7. Анализ результатов проводили с учетом пола, условий проживания, физического развития. Результаты. Обследовано 7120 подростков в возрасте от 13 до 16 лет. Степень оволосения подмышечной впадины по критериям Tanner составила у юношей 2,4±0,7, у девушек — 2,9±0,4, степень лобкового оволосения — 2,0±0,9 и 2,6±0,8 соответственно. Показатель развития молочных желез по критериям Tanner у девушек составил 2,6±0,8, менструальная функция по критериям Tanner — 2,4±0,8. При этом у городских подростков выявлены более поздние сроки появления вторичных половых признаков в сравнении с жителями сельских районов. Заключение. У 8,1% девушек и 13,6% юношей зарегистрирована задержка полового развития. У городских юношей выявлена задержка роста гонад; среди женского населения наблюдалось опережение роста и развития матки и яичников в сравнении с сельскими подростками.

Characteristics of the Main Indicators of Peripheral Blood in Adolescents in the Tomsk Region

Background. The adolescent period is characterized by the features of growth and development of the organism when the risk of a number of diseases increases under the conditions of hormonal adjustment and under the influence of environmental factors. Objective. Our aim was to determine the reference values of the main values of peripheral blood and the prevalence of anemia in adolescents residing in the territory of the Tomsk region. Methods. We studied the results of medical examination of children aged from 13 to 16 years. To determine the main values of the general blood test (erythrocytes, hemoglobin, leukocytes, erythrocyte sedimentation rate), an automatic hematological analyzer was used. Evaluation of physical development was carried out by standard methods. The analysis of the results was carried out considering the sex, living conditions, weight, height, and body mass index. Results. We analyzed the values of peripheral blood of 7,120 adolescents. Rated values corresponded to the conventional age norms. The hemoglobin level and the number of erythrocytes are associated with the body weight, height, and body mass index of the respondents. Anemia of varying severity was recorded in 618/7,120 (8.7%) adolescents. More often anemia was verified in rural areas (OR 1.52; CI 95% 1.28–1.80) as well as in females (OR 2.62; CI 95% 2.18–3.15). Conclusion. Regional features of peripheral blood values and the prevalence of anemia in adolescents of the Tomsk region have been determined

Sexual Development of Adolescents in the Tomsk Region

Background. Sexual development of adolescents is one of the important indicators of the population well-being, the study of which, in the context of the world trend towards a change in the period of puberty, can contribute to the identification of public health problems. Objective. Our aim was to study the basic indicators of sexual development of adolescents and to determine the regional characteristics of this population. Methods. The evaluation of secondary sexual characteristics was carried out by specialists according to Tanner criteria. Ultrasound examination of organs of the reproductive system was carried out using a portable scanner Mindray M7. The analysis of the results was carried out taking into account the gender, living conditions, physical development. Results. We examined 7,120 adolescents aged from 13 to 16 years. The degree of axillary hair distribution by Tanner criteria was 2.4±0.7 in young men, 2.9±0.4 — in girls, pubic hair — 2.0±0.9 and 2.6±0.8, respectively. The indicator of development of mammary glands by Tanner criteria in girls was 2.6±0.8, menstrual function by Tanner criteria — 2.4±0.8. Herewith, urban adolescents had later terms of appearance of the secondary sexual characteristics in comparison with the inhabitants of rural areas. Conclusion. We registered the delayed sexual development in 8.1% of girls and 13.6% of young men. Urban youths have experienced a delay in gonadal growth. Among the female population there was an outstripping growth and development of the uterus and ovaries in comparison with rural adolescents