Chromatin Ubiquitination Guides DNA Double Strand Break Signaling and Repair

Chromatin is the context for all DNA-based molecular processes taking place in the cell nucleus. The initial chromatin structure at the site of the DNA damage determines both, lesion generation and subsequent activation of the DNA damage response (DDR) pathway. In turn, proceeding DDR changes the chromatin at the damaged site and across large fractions of the genome. Ubiquitination, besides phosphorylation and methylation, was characterized as an important chromatin post-translational modification (PTM) occurring at the DNA damage site and persisting during the duration of the DDR. Ubiquitination appears to function as a highly versatile “signal-response” network involving several types of players performing various functions. Here we discuss how ubiquitin modifiers fine-tune the DNA damage recognition and response and how the interaction with other chromatin modifications ensures cell survival

Generation of Human Adipose-Derived Stem Cell Lines with Expression of TESC Gene

© 2016, Springer Science+Business Media New York.Tescalcin plays an important role in the proliferation and differentiation of certain cell types. It is involved in the regulation of expression of Ets family transcription factors through PMA-induced ERK pathway. This pathway is known to regulate the proliferation and differentiation of mesenchymal stem cells (MSC). Research and development of cell therapy applications using human adipose-derived stem cells (hADSCs) is important for regenerative medicine, since the hADSCs are easy to obtain and have high proliferative and differentiation potential. It is of particular interest to create stable MSC lines with continuous and controlled expression of tescalcin to assess the potential role of the protein in differentiation of stem cells. Recombinant lentiviruses are often used for genetic modification of cells since it allows long-term expression of transgene due to integration of the provirus into the genome of host cell, relatively large size of transgenic insert and ease of manipulation. Here, we report generation of stable hADSC cell lines with ectopic expression of tescalcin using lentiviral transduction

Emerging roles of the single EF-hand Ca²⁺ sensor tescalcin in the regulation of gene expression, cell growth and differentiation

© 2016. Published by The Company of Biologists Ltd.Tescalcin (TESC, also known as calcineurin-homologous protein 3, CHP3) is a 24-kDa EF-hand Ca2+-binding protein that has recently emerged as a regulator of cell differentiation and growth. The TESC gene has also been linked to human brain abnormalities, and high expression of tescalcin has been found in several cancers. The expression level of tescalcin changes dramatically during development and upon signal-induced cell differentiation. Recent studies have shown that tescalcin is not only subjected to up- or down-regulation, but also has an active role in pathways that drive cell growth and differentiation programs. At the molecular level, there is compelling experimental evidence showing that tescalcin can directly interact with and regulate the activities of the Na+/H+ exchanger NHE1, subunit 4 of the COP9 signalosome (CSN4) and protein kinase glycogen-synthase kinase 3 (GSK3). In hematopoetic precursor cells, tescalcin has been shown to couple activation of the extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) cascade to the expression of transcription factors that control cell differentiation. The purpose of thisCommentary is to summarize recent efforts that have served to characterize the biochemical, genetic and physiological attributes of tescalcin, and its unique role in the regulation of various cellular functions

Emerging roles of the single EF-hand Ca2+ sensor tescalcin in the regulation of gene expression, cell growth and differentiation

Tescalcin (TESC, also known as calcineurin-homologous protein 3, CHP3) is a 24-kDa EF-hand Ca2+-binding protein that has recently emerged as a regulator of cell differentiation and growth. The TESC gene has also been linked to human brain abnormalities, and high expression of tescalcin has been found in several cancers. The expression level of tescalcin changes dramatically during development and upon signal-induced cell differentiation. Recent studies have shown that tescalcin is not only subjected to up- or down-regulation, but also has an active role in pathways that drive cell growth and differentiation programs. At the molecular level, there is compelling experimental evidence showing that tescalcin can directly interact with and regulate the activities of the Na+/H+ exchanger NHE1, subunit 4 of the COP9 signalosome (CSN4) and protein kinase glycogen-synthase kinase 3 (GSK3). In hematopoetic precursor cells, tescalcin has been shown to couple activation of the extracellular signa

Chromatin Ubiquitination Guides DNA Double Strand Break Signaling and Repair

Chromatin is the context for all DNA-based molecular processes taking place in the cell nucleus. The initial chromatin structure at the site of the DNA damage determines both, lesion generation and subsequent activation of the DNA damage response (DDR) pathway. In turn, proceeding DDR changes the chromatin at the damaged site and across large fractions of the genome. Ubiquitination, besides phosphorylation and methylation, was characterized as an important chromatin post-translational modification (PTM) occurring at the DNA damage site and persisting during the duration of the DDR. Ubiquitination appears to function as a highly versatile "signal-response" network involving several types of players performing various functions. Here we discuss how ubiquitin modifiers fine-tune the DNA damage recognition and response and how the interaction with other chromatin modifications ensures cell survival

Generation of Human Adipose-Derived Stem Cell Lines with Expression of TESC Gene

© 2016, Springer Science+Business Media New York.Tescalcin plays an important role in the proliferation and differentiation of certain cell types. It is involved in the regulation of expression of Ets family transcription factors through PMA-induced ERK pathway. This pathway is known to regulate the proliferation and differentiation of mesenchymal stem cells (MSC). Research and development of cell therapy applications using human adipose-derived stem cells (hADSCs) is important for regenerative medicine, since the hADSCs are easy to obtain and have high proliferative and differentiation potential. It is of particular interest to create stable MSC lines with continuous and controlled expression of tescalcin to assess the potential role of the protein in differentiation of stem cells. Recombinant lentiviruses are often used for genetic modification of cells since it allows long-term expression of transgene due to integration of the provirus into the genome of host cell, relatively large size of transgenic insert and ease of manipulation. Here, we report generation of stable hADSC cell lines with ectopic expression of tescalcin using lentiviral transduction

Chromatin Ubiquitination Guides DNA Double Strand Break Signaling and Repair

Chromatin is the context for all DNA-based molecular processes taking place in the cell nucleus. The initial chromatin structure at the site of the DNA damage determines both, lesion generation and subsequent activation of the DNA damage response (DDR) pathway. In turn, proceeding DDR changes the chromatin at the damaged site and across large fractions of the genome. Ubiquitination, besides phosphorylation and methylation, was characterized as an important chromatin post-translational modification (PTM) occurring at the DNA damage site and persisting during the duration of the DDR. Ubiquitination appears to function as a highly versatile “signal-response” network involving several types of players performing various functions. Here we discuss how ubiquitin modifiers fine-tune the DNA damage recognition and response and how the interaction with other chromatin modifications ensures cell survival

Emerging roles of the single EF-hand Ca²⁺ sensor tescalcin in the regulation of gene expression, cell growth and differentiation

© 2016. Published by The Company of Biologists Ltd.Tescalcin (TESC, also known as calcineurin-homologous protein 3, CHP3) is a 24-kDa EF-hand Ca2+-binding protein that has recently emerged as a regulator of cell differentiation and growth. The TESC gene has also been linked to human brain abnormalities, and high expression of tescalcin has been found in several cancers. The expression level of tescalcin changes dramatically during development and upon signal-induced cell differentiation. Recent studies have shown that tescalcin is not only subjected to up- or down-regulation, but also has an active role in pathways that drive cell growth and differentiation programs. At the molecular level, there is compelling experimental evidence showing that tescalcin can directly interact with and regulate the activities of the Na+/H+ exchanger NHE1, subunit 4 of the COP9 signalosome (CSN4) and protein kinase glycogen-synthase kinase 3 (GSK3). In hematopoetic precursor cells, tescalcin has been shown to couple activation of the extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) cascade to the expression of transcription factors that control cell differentiation. The purpose of thisCommentary is to summarize recent efforts that have served to characterize the biochemical, genetic and physiological attributes of tescalcin, and its unique role in the regulation of various cellular functions

Generation of Human Adipose-Derived Stem Cell Lines with Expression of TESC Gene

© 2016, Springer Science+Business Media New York.Tescalcin plays an important role in the proliferation and differentiation of certain cell types. It is involved in the regulation of expression of Ets family transcription factors through PMA-induced ERK pathway. This pathway is known to regulate the proliferation and differentiation of mesenchymal stem cells (MSC). Research and development of cell therapy applications using human adipose-derived stem cells (hADSCs) is important for regenerative medicine, since the hADSCs are easy to obtain and have high proliferative and differentiation potential. It is of particular interest to create stable MSC lines with continuous and controlled expression of tescalcin to assess the potential role of the protein in differentiation of stem cells. Recombinant lentiviruses are often used for genetic modification of cells since it allows long-term expression of transgene due to integration of the provirus into the genome of host cell, relatively large size of transgenic insert and ease of manipulation. Here, we report generation of stable hADSC cell lines with ectopic expression of tescalcin using lentiviral transduction