Instability tests for air-jet textured yarns

The air-jet texturing process is briefly introduced and its advantages over other texturing processes are summarized. Characteristics of air-jet textured yarns are stated with special reference to the stability of the yarns. Test methods used in industry and research to determine the "stability" or "instability" of air-jet textured yarns are critically reviewed. These methods involve different basic principles and therefore inevitably give different results. There is no consensus on a standard method. Effects of various test parameters, such as specimen length, test duration, and the alternatives of using a single yarn, a hank, or a skein as a test specimen are investigated. An improved test method is suggested as a standard instability test, and various existing methods are compared with it. Results of all the methods show similar trends for varying values of air pressure. Other yarn characteristics such as linear density, breaking elongation, and tenacity are also determined, and their indications of yarn quality are compared with the indications of instability tests. Stability test results alone provide misleading information regarding air-jet textured yarn quality

Structure and properties of air-jet textured yarns

SIGLEAvailable from British Library Document Supply Centre- DSC:D44264/83 / BLDSC - British Library Document Supply CentreGBUnited Kingdo

Structure and properties of air-jet textured yarns

SIGLEAvailable from British Library Document Supply Centre- DSC:D44264/83 / BLDSC - British Library Document Supply CentreGBUnited Kingdo

Hybrid Energy Efficient Secured Attribute based ZRP Aiding Authentic Data Transmission

69-75The modern furtherance in mobile Ad-hoc networks with evolving technology is challenging the researcher’s calibre in several aspects concerning routing MANETS with dynamic structure rely on the routing factor for reliable transmission. Routing protocols dictate the performance of networks in Wireless environments. Practitioner’s research introduces routing protocols falling into categories like Proactive, Reactive and Hybrid routing protocols. Zone Routing Protocol (ZRP), a multicast routing protocol is gaining attention as it fusions the features of both proactive and Reactive protocols. Our work addresses the energy consumption issues and security breaches in the routing process of ZRP, thereby furnishing with a Hybrid Approach. The proposed Model leverages transmission efficiency by periodically reducing the number of unwanted nodes consuming energy and providing additional security instances using ABE-based encryption. Various Qualities of Service (QoS) parameters like throughput, end-to-end delay (E2ED), load balancing, energy consumption, and delivery ratio have shown that the hybrid technique is effective compared to the traditional ZRP

Hybrid Energy Efficient Secured Attribute based ZRP Aiding Authentic Data Transmission

The modern furtherance in mobile Ad-hoc networks with evolving technology is challenging the researcher’s calibre in several aspects concerning routing MANETS with dynamic structure rely on the routing factor for reliable transmission. Routing protocols dictate the performance of networks in Wireless environments. Practitioner’s research introduces routing protocols falling into categories like Proactive, Reactive and Hybrid routing protocols. Zone Routing Protocol (ZRP), a multicast routing protocol is gaining attention as it fusions the features of both proactive and Reactive protocols. Our work addresses the energy consumption issues and security breaches in the routing process of ZRP, thereby furnishing with a Hybrid Approach. The proposed Model leverages transmission efficiency by periodically reducing the number of unwanted nodes consuming energy and providing additional security instances using ABE-based encryption. Various Qualities of Service (QoS) parameters like throughput, end-to-end delay (E2ED), load balancing, energy consumption, and delivery ratio have shown that the hybrid technique is effective compared to the traditional ZRP

Growth and Characterization of Electroplated NiO Coatings

Thin films of NiO have been prepared using potentiostatic electrodeposition technique from an aqueous electrolytic bath containing NiSO4. Deposited films have been characterized using x-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy and energy dispersive analysis by x-rays. X-ray diffraction patterns showed that the prepared films possess polycrystalline nature with face centered cubic structure. Surface morphology and film composition showed that films with better stoichiometry and smooth surface are obtained at optimized growth condition. Optical absorption analysis showed that the prepared films possess direct band gap value around 3.46 eV

Studies on Electrodeposited NiS Thin Films

Thin films of NiS have been deposited on indium doped tin oxide coated conducting glass substrates using electrodeposition technique. Structural studies revealed that the deposited films exhibit hexagonal structure with preferential orientation along (002) plane. Structural parameters such as crystallite size, strain and dislocation density are calculated for films with different thickness values obtained at various deposition time. The film composition and surface morphology have been analyzed using scanning electron microscopy and energy dispersive analysis by X-rays. Optical absorption analysis showed that the deposited films possess band gap value around 0.7 eV

Adsorption, photodegradation and antibacterial study of graphene-Fe3O4 nanocomposite for multipurpose water purification application

Graphene-Fe3O4 (G-Fe3O4) composite was prepared from graphene oxide (GO) and FeCl3?? 6H2O by a one-step solvothermal route. The as-prepared composite was characterized by field-emission scanning electron microscopy, transmission electron microscopy, dynamic light scattering and X-ray powder diffraction. SEM analysis shows the presence of Fe3O4 spheres with size ranging between 200 and 250 nm, which are distributed and firmly anchored onto the wrinkled graphene layers with a high density. The resulting G-Fe 3O4 composite shows extraordinary adsorption capacity and fast adsorption rates for the removal of Pb metal ions and organic dyes from aqueous solution. The adsorption isotherm and thermodynamics were investigated in detail, and the results show that the adsorption data was best fitted with the Langmuir adsorption isotherm model. From the thermodynamics investigation, it was found that the adsorption process is spontaneous and endothermic in nature. Thus, the as-prepared composite can be effectively utilized for the removal of various heavy metal ions and organic dyes. Simultaneously, the photodegradation of methylene blue was studied, and the recycling degradation capacity of dye by G-Fe3O4 was analyzed up to 5 cycles, which remained consistent up to ???97% degradation of the methylene blue dye. Although iron oxide has an affinity towards bacterial cells, its composite with graphene still show antibacterial property. Almost 99.56% cells were viable when treated with Fe3O4 nanoparticle, whereas with the composite barely 3% cells survived. Later, the release of ROS was also investigated by membrane and oxidative stress assay. Total protein degradation was analyzed to confirm the effect of the G-Fe3O4 composite on E. coli cells.close3

Air-Jet Textured Yarns: The Effects of Process and Supply Yarn Parameters on the Properties of Textured Yarns

Characteristics of air-jet textured yarns are determined by the instability, linear density, and strength, together with structural properties such as loop size, loop frequency, and degree of entanglement. Such characteristics are affected by various process parameters and supply yarn properties. The effects of these parameters on the final yarn properties have been investigated using instability, linear density, and strength tests, together with SEM photographs for visual assessment of the yarn structure. Optimizing any given yarn property almost always affects other yarn characteristics, and therefore this must be remembered when selecting suitable process parameters and supply yarns for specific end uses. For a given texturing nozzle and conditions, there is an optimum filament fineness and number of filaments that can be textured effectively

Lineage Tracing Reveals a Subset of Reserve Muscle Stem Cells Capable of Clonal Expansion under Stress

Stem cell heterogeneity is recognized as functionally relevant for tissue homeostasis and repair. The identity, context dependence, and regulation of skeletal muscle satellite cell (SC) subsets remains poorly understood. We identify a minor subset of Pax7+ SCs that is indelibly marked by an inducible Mx1-Cre transgene in vivo, is enriched for Pax3 expression, and has reduced ROS (reactive oxygen species) levels. Mx1+ SCs possess potent stem cell activity upon transplantation but minimally contribute to endogenous muscle repair, due to their relative low abundance. In contrast, a dramatic clonal expansion of Mx1+ SCs allows extensive contribution to muscle repair and niche repopulation upon selective pressure of radiation stress, consistent with reserve stem cell (RSC) properties. Loss of Pax3 in RSCs increased ROS content and diminished survival and stress tolerance. These observations demonstrate that the Pax7+ SC pool contains a discrete population of radiotolerant RSCs that undergo clonal expansion under severe stress