Flora das cangas da Serra dos Carajás, Pará, Brasil: Begoniaceae

Resumo Este estudo apresenta as espécies de Begoniaceae registradas para as cangas da Serra dos Carajás, estado do Pará, com descrições, ilustrações e comentários morfológicos de cada espécie. São registradas até o momento quatro espécies de Begonia nas cangas da Serra dos Carajás: Begonia guaduensis, B. humilis, B. saxicola e B. wollnyi

Duas novas espécies de Begonia (Begoniaceae) do Espírito Santo, Brasil

RESUMO São descritas duas novas espécies de Begonia da seção Pritzelia, B. aguiabrancensis L. Kollmann, proveniente da localidade de Santa Luzia, município de Águia Branca, no noroeste do Espírito Santo e B. lossiae L.Kollmann proveniente da localidade de Alto Perdido do município de Santa Teresa, no centro do estado. São fornecidos descrições, ilustrações e comentários sobre afinidades taxonômicas, estado de conservação e distribuição geográfica

Begonia piranga L. Kollmann & Gonella 2021, sp. nov.

Begonia piranga L. Kollmann & Gonella, sp. nov. (Figs. 1, 2, 3). Begonia piranga is closely related to Begonia ruhlandiana Irmscher (1953: 67) with which it shares stellate trichomes, craspedodromous venation, deciduous stipules and bracts, pistillate flowers with prophylls and ovary with one placenta per locule. However, B. piranga is easily distinguished by having red flowers (vs. white to pink); staminate flowers with abaxially densely pilose sepals (vs. glabrescent), ovate sepals, 0.75–1.05 × 0.6–0.9 cm (vs. orbiculate sepals, 0.5–0.7 × 0.47–0.6 cm), petals 2 (vs. petals absent); pistillate flowers with a pilose ovary (vs. glabrescent); capsules 0.9–1 × 0.3–0.4 cm (vs. ca. 0.5 × 0.3–0.4 cm), and fruit wings 6–12 mm wide (vs. 1–4 mm). Holotype:— BRAZIL. Minas Gerais: Conselheiro Pena, Serra do Padre Ângelo, Pico do Padre Ângelo, no platô do topo do pico, campo rupestre, 19°19’12.78”S 41°34’42.02”W, 1500 m, 30 November 2020, P. M. Gonella & D. P. Cordeiro 1824 (MBML). Description:—Perennial subshrub, erect, up to 1.5 m tall, pilose, densely lanate to lanuginose; indumentum consisting of stellate trichomes, 4–6 branched at the apex, ferruginous when fresh and white when mature, present on stem, leaves, and inflorescence parts. Stems 0.45–0.75 cm diam., internodes 0.4–5.6 cm long, green to red, brown when mature, densely pilose. Stipules lanceolate, 1–1.5 × 0.4–0.7 cm, red, apex acute, margins entire, deciduous, adaxial surface glabrous, densely pilose on the abaxial surface. Petioles 1.2–1.3 cm long, red, densely pilose. Leaf blades ovate, 5.8–6.5 × 3.5–4.3 cm, conduplicate, succulent, chartaceous when dry, adaxial surface green, shiny, glabrescent, abaxial surface densely pilose, apex obtuse, base oblique, margin entire, hydathodes present, venation craspedodromous. Inflorescences 19–63 cm long, 3–4 dichasial cymes, red, densely pilose. Bracts elliptic, 0.7–2 × 0.9– 0.2 cm, reddish, deciduous, apex acute, densely pilose on the abaxial surface, carinate. Staminate flowers: pedicel 3–4 mm long, red, densely pilose; sepals 2, ovate to elliptic, 0.75–1.05 × 0.6–0.9 cm, cinnabar red, apex obtuse, margins entire, densely pilose on the abaxial surface; petals 2, obovate to elliptic, 0.5–0.83 × 0.2–0.5 cm, red carmine, apex obtuse, margins entire, slightly pilose on the abaxial surface; stamens ca. 20, ca. 2 mm long, yellow, filaments subequal, ca. 0.7 mm long, anthers ca. 1.3 mm, rimose, ovate, connective slightly projecting, apex rounded. Pistillate flowers: pedicels ca. 0.7 cm long, red, densely pilose; prophylls (1–)2, elliptical to ovate, 0.6–0.75 × 0.35–0.5 cm, persistent, at the base of the ovary, apex obtuse to acute, densely pilose on the abaxial surface; sepals 2, elliptical, 0.6–1.2 × 0.4–0.9 cm, carmine red to magenta, apex obtuse, densely pilose on the abaxial surface; petals 3, elliptical to oblanceolate, 3.2–8 × 3–4.5 mm, carmine to pink-whitish, apex obtuse to rounded, slightly pilose on the abaxial surface; ovary 3-locular, placentation axile, one placenta per locule, apex of the placenta slightly divided; styles 3, ca. 3 mm long, yellow, united at base, each bifurcate, entirely covered with stigmatic papillae. Capsule 0.9–1 × 0.3–0.4 cm, basally dehiscent, covered by trichomes, peduncles 0.8–1 cm long, covered by trichomes, wings 3, unequal, covered by trichomes, the largest one ca. 1.6–1.7 × 0.7–1.2 cm, slightly ascendant to straight, apex rounded to acute, the two smallest ones 0.7–1.2 × 0.6–1 cm, descendant, apex rounded. Seeds ca. 0.25–0.35 × 0.2 mm, oblong, apex rounded. Additional specimens examined (paratypes):— BRAZIL. Minas Gerais: Conselheiro Pena: Serra do Padre Ângelo, Pico do Padre Ângelo, no platô do topo do pico, campo rupestre, 19°19’6.9”S 41°34’43.8”W, 1500 m, 04 December 2018, P. M . Gonella, A. Fleischmann, L. Medeiros & L. França 1087 (MBML); ibid, 21 August 2020, P. M . Gonella, E. Ramos, D. P. Cordeiro, T. H. Condez & P. R. Bartholomay 1542 (MBML, RB). Distribution and habitat: — Begonia piranga is endemic to Pico do Padre Ângelo, the second highest peak of Serra do Padre Ângelo (Conselheiro Pena, Minas Gerais), where it can be found on the top plateau at elevations around 1500 m (Fig. 1). The species grows in campos rupestres, being found on pockets of sandy soil accumulated between large quartzitic rocks, on sites exposed to direct sunlight (Fig. 2A–C). Only around 20 individuals of the species have been located in the area so far, all growing within a radius of 100 m. Phenology:—The species was observed with flowers in February, May, and from August to December, suggesting a continuous flowering period. Conservation status assessment:—Critically Endangered CR B2ab(iii) + D. Begonia piranga has an AOO of 4 km 2 (criterion B2), is known from a single location (sub-criterion B2a), with approximately twenty mature individuals (criterion D). This species is subject to several threats such as invasive species, wildfires, climate change, and unregulated tourism that can lead to poaching and aggravation of invasion by alien species, all of which leading to a decline in habitat quality (sub-criterion B2b(iii)). The threats to which the species is subject are thoroughly described for other endemic species of the area in Gonella et al. (2015), Andrino & Gonella (2021), and Antar et al. (2021a, 2021b). The Serra do Padre Ângelo and other areas of campos rupestres of the João Pinto Formation remain as some of the few natural areas in the region, which had most of its original vegetation converted into pastures (Fig. 1). The recent wildfire of great proportions that affected the Serra in late September 2020 (see Andrino & Gonella 2021) also impacted this species, with at least two of the monitored individuals having disappeared after the fire. Large areas of the top plateau of Pico do Padre Ângelo that remained unexplored before the fire could also have harbored individuals of this species. Therefore, its conservation status is further aggravated by the extremely reduced population size, now estimated to be less than 20 known mature individuals. Based on its restricted occurrence, reduced population size, listed threats to which it is exposed which are leading to a decline in the quality of its habitat, and the fact that it is not found inside any protected area, B. piranga is provisionally assessed as Critically Endangered under the aforementioned IUCN Red List criteria (IUCN 2012). Etymology:—The red and showy flowers of this species are one of its most distinctive characters (Fig. 2G–I), hence we have chosen the epithet “ piranga ”, which means “red” in the Tupi-Guarani language (Bueno 2008). Notes:—According to the sectional classification of Doorenbos et al. (1998), B. piranga belongs to B. sect. Pritzelia, a section with approximately 150 species from South America, characterized by the entire placentae and presence of cystoliths in the leaf cells (Doorenbos et al. 1998).According to the sectional classification of Moonlight et al. (2018), B. piranga belongs to B. sect Tetrachia, a section with approximately 16 species from Brazil, characterized by the presence of stellate or peltate, scale-like hairs; frequently peltate leaves; axile, usually simple placentation; and cymose inflorescences.Published as part of Kollmann, Ludovic Jean Charles & Gonella, Paulo Minatel, 2021, Novelties in Begonia (Begoniaceae) from the campos rupestres of Serra do Padre Ângelo, Minas Gerais, Brazil: a new species and a new record, pp. 69-77 in Phytotaxa 510 (1) on pages 70-74, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.510.1.7, http://zenodo.org/record/542630

A new species of Begonia (Begoniaceae) from the Atlantic Forest of Espírito Santo, Brazil

ABSTRACT Begonia mysteriosa L.Kollmann & A.P.Fontana, a new species known only from the municipality of São Roque do Canaã in the Atlantic Forest of the state of Espírito Santo, Brazil, is described and illustrated. This new species is probably related to Begonia barckleyana L.B.Sm., section Knesebeckia, from which it differs by its leaf shape, stipule size, stigma more than two branches and pistillate flowers with six tepals. Description, diagnose, illustration and comments about the geographic distribution are provided

Notas sobre a distribuição e registro de ampliação de áreas de ocorrência de quatro espécies de Begonia da floresta atlântica brasileira

Durante trabalhos de campo nos estados do Espírito Santo, Minas Gerais e Bahia, quatro espécies de Begonia foram coletadas e consistam em novos registros. Foram encontrados novos registros de Begoniadietrichiana, B. glabra e B. platanifolia para o estado do Espírito Santo e Begoniaadmirabilis para os estados da Bahia e Minas Gerais. São apresentados descrições, ilustrações, distribuição geográfica, mapas, habitat, fenologia, seções e diferenças vegetativas

Begonia caparaoensis (Begoniaceae), a New Endemic Species from the Atlantic Forest in the State of Minas Gerais, Brazil

Volume: 19Start Page: 172End Page: 17

Vascular epiphytes in seasonal semideciduous forest in the State of Espírito Santo and the similarity with other seasonal forests in Eastern Brazil

Neste estudo, avaliamos a composição florística de epífitos vasculares em remanescentes de Floresta Estacional Semedicidual na bacia hidrográfica do rio Itapemirim, sul do estado do Espírito Santo, com o intuito de analisar sua similaridade com outras florestas semidecidual estudadas no Brasil. Excursões quinzenais foram realizadas entre junho de 2008 a maio de 2009 e os epífitos coletados e registrados (55 espécies, 34 gêneros e seis famílias). Orchidaceae, com 21 espécies, foi a mais rica, enquanto os gêneros com o maior riqueza foram Tillandsia (7 spp.), Rhipsalis (4), Aechmea, Epidendrum e Peperomia, com três espécies cada. A categoria ecológica mais representativa foi holoepífita característica com 84% das espécies. O ambiente mais importante para a flora epifítica foi as matas ciliares. Análise de similaridade e PCA sustentaram quatro grupos, onde a área estudada aparece disjunta das demais, corroborando a hipótese de que a proximidade geográfica, a altitude e clima tem forte efeito sobre a composição florística, condicionando a formação de floras distintas. Estudos detalhados sobre a composição florística e estrutura dessa comunidade é importante para a elaboração de estudos de impactos ambientais coerentes, porque epífitas é típico de florestas tropicais, e é importante componente florístico, estrutural e funcional desses ecossistemas. In this study, we evaluated the floristic composition of vascular epiphytes in seasonal semideciduous forest fragments of the Itapemirim River basin, Southern State of Espírito Santo, in order to verify its similarity to other semideciduous forests studied in Brazil. Excursions were conducted every fortnight between June 2008 and May 2009, and epiphytes were collected and recorded (55 species, 34 genera and six families). Orchidaceae (21 species) was the richest family, whereas the genera presenting the greatest richness were Tillandsia (seven), Rhipsalis (four), Aechmea, Epidendrum and Peperomia (three species each). The category the most representative was characteristics holoepiphytes (84%). The riparian forests were the most important environments for the epiphytic flora. Similarity analysis and PCA supported four groups, where the study area appears disjointed from the others, supporting the hypothesis that geographical proximity, elevation and climate have a strong effect on the floristic composition, conditioning the formation of distinct floras. Detailed surveys on the floristic composition and structure of this community are important for the elaboration of studies on coherent environmental impacts, since epiphytes are typical in tropical rainforests, and they are an important floristic, structural and functional component of these ecosystems.

FIVE NEW MYRTACEAE FROM SOUTHEASTERN BRAZIL

Volume: 8Start Page: 497End Page: 51