Multi residual analysis of 45 pesticides from beehive products: application of a simple extraction method

En este trabajo se presenta la aplicación de una metodología de extracción sencilla y rápida llamada QuEChERS (Quick, Easy, Cheap, Effective, Rugged and Safe) que ha sido utilizada fundamentalmente para el análisis de trazas de pesticidas en frutas y hortalizas, que con pequeñas modificaciones es adaptable tanto para el análisis de cera como miel. El solvente de extracción es acetonitrilo y la misma se realiza a temperatura ambiente agregando agua para miel y a 80°C en baño de agua para cera, luego se realiza una purificación que consiste en colocar el extracto en freezer a -20 °C durante 15 hs y filtrar. Una purificación más exhaustiva se logra agregando luego PSA (Primary and Secondary Amine). El método presentó recuperaciones entre 70 y 120 % con DSR menores a 20 % para más del 90 % de los pesticidas evaluados en ambas matrices analizados por LC-MS/MS.The application of a quick and simple methodology named QuEChERS (Quick, Easy, Cheap, Effective, Rugged and Safe) is presented. It has been mainly applied for the analysis of pesticide residues in fruits and vegetables, but with small modifications is suitable for the analysis of beeswax and honey. The extraction is made with acetonitrile at room temperature adding water for honey and at 80 °C in water bath for beeswax, it is then followed by freeze-out clean-up (-20 °C in freezer for 15 hs). Further clean-up of the extract is achieved adding PSA (Primary and Secondary Amine) afterwards. The method presented recoveries in both matrices between 70 and 120 % with RSD below 20 % for more than 90 % of the evaluated pesticides analyzed by LC-MS/MS.Asociación de Universidades Grupo Montevide

Multi residual analysis of 45 pesticides from beehive products: application of a simple extraction method

En este trabajo se presenta la aplicación de una metodología de extracción sencilla y rápida llamada QuEChERS (Quick, Easy, Cheap, Effective, Rugged and Safe) que ha sido utilizada fundamentalmente para el análisis de trazas de pesticidas en frutas y hortalizas, que con pequeñas modificaciones es adaptable tanto para el análisis de cera como miel. El solvente de extracción es acetonitrilo y la misma se realiza a temperatura ambiente agregando agua para miel y a 80°C en baño de agua para cera, luego se realiza una purificación que consiste en colocar el extracto en freezer a -20 °C durante 15 hs y filtrar. Una purificación más exhaustiva se logra agregando luego PSA (Primary and Secondary Amine). El método presentó recuperaciones entre 70 y 120 % con DSR menores a 20 % para más del 90 % de los pesticidas evaluados en ambas matrices analizados por LC-MS/MS.The application of a quick and simple methodology named QuEChERS (Quick, Easy, Cheap, Effective, Rugged and Safe) is presented. It has been mainly applied for the analysis of pesticide residues in fruits and vegetables, but with small modifications is suitable for the analysis of beeswax and honey. The extraction is made with acetonitrile at room temperature adding water for honey and at 80 °C in water bath for beeswax, it is then followed by freeze-out clean-up (-20 °C in freezer for 15 hs). Further clean-up of the extract is achieved adding PSA (Primary and Secondary Amine) afterwards. The method presented recoveries in both matrices between 70 and 120 % with RSD below 20 % for more than 90 % of the evaluated pesticides analyzed by LC-MS/MS.Asociación de Universidades Grupo Montevide

Multi residual analysis of 45 pesticides from beehive products: application of a simple extraction method

En este trabajo se presenta la aplicación de una metodología de extracción sencilla y rápida llamada QuEChERS (Quick, Easy, Cheap, Effective, Rugged and Safe) que ha sido utilizada fundamentalmente para el análisis de trazas de pesticidas en frutas y hortalizas, que con pequeñas modificaciones es adaptable tanto para el análisis de cera como miel. El solvente de extracción es acetonitrilo y la misma se realiza a temperatura ambiente agregando agua para miel y a 80°C en baño de agua para cera, luego se realiza una purificación que consiste en colocar el extracto en freezer a -20 °C durante 15 hs y filtrar. Una purificación más exhaustiva se logra agregando luego PSA (Primary and Secondary Amine). El método presentó recuperaciones entre 70 y 120 % con DSR menores a 20 % para más del 90 % de los pesticidas evaluados en ambas matrices analizados por LC-MS/MS.The application of a quick and simple methodology named QuEChERS (Quick, Easy, Cheap, Effective, Rugged and Safe) is presented. It has been mainly applied for the analysis of pesticide residues in fruits and vegetables, but with small modifications is suitable for the analysis of beeswax and honey. The extraction is made with acetonitrile at room temperature adding water for honey and at 80 °C in water bath for beeswax, it is then followed by freeze-out clean-up (-20 °C in freezer for 15 hs). Further clean-up of the extract is achieved adding PSA (Primary and Secondary Amine) afterwards. The method presented recoveries in both matrices between 70 and 120 % with RSD below 20 % for more than 90 % of the evaluated pesticides analyzed by LC-MS/MS.Asociación de Universidades Grupo Montevide

Update breast cancer 2021 part 4 – prevention and early stages

This past year has seen new and effective options for further improving treatment outcome in many patients with early-stage breast cancer. Patients with hormone receptor-positive disease benefited significantly from the addition of the CDK4/6 inhibitor abemaciclib to endocrine adjuvant therapy. In triple-negative disease, data were presented for two treatment regimens. Patients with advanced disease (stage 2 and 3) benefit from neoadjuvant treatment with the immune checkpoint inhibitor pembrolizumab in combination with standard chemotherapy, regardless of PD-L1 expression. When neoadjuvant therapy has failed to achieve the desired remission in BRCA1 and BRCA2 mutations, the administration of the PARP inhibitor olaparib has demonstrated an impressive response. Other data address translational issues in HER2-positive breast cancer and neoadjuvant therapy approaches with the oral SERD giredestrant and the PARP inhibitor talazoparib. This review presents and analyses the findings of this yearʼ s most important study outcomes

Treatment of Early Breast Cancer Patients: Evidence, Controversies, Consensus: Focusing on Systemic Therapy - German Experts' Opinions for the 16th International St. Gallen Consensus Conference (Vienna 2019)

A German working group of leading breast cancer experts have discussed the votes at the International St. Gallen Consensus Conference in Vienna for the treatment of primary breast cancer with regard to the German AGO (Ar-beitsgemeinschaft Gynakologische Onkologie) recommendations for clinical practice in Germany. Three of the German breast cancer experts were also members of this year's St. Gallen panel. Comparing the St. Gallen recommendations with the annually updated treatment recommendations of the Gynecological Oncology Working Group (AGO Mamma 2019) and the German S3 Guideline is useful, because the recommendations of the St. Gallen panel are based on expert opinions of different countries and disciplines. The focus of this article is on systemic therapy. The motto of this year's 16th St. Gallen Consensus Conference was Estimating the magnitude of clinical benefit. The rationale behind this motto is that, for every treatment decision, a benefit-risk assessment must be taken into consideration for each patient

Update breast cancer 2022 part 5: early stage breast cancer

The treatment of patients with early stage breast cancer has changed in recent years due to the introduction of pembrolizumab, olaparib, and abemaciclib. These and other drugs with the same class of active ingredient are currently in trial for various indications. This review article summarizes the latest results that have either been presented at major conferences such as the ESMO 2022 or published recently in international journals. This includes reports on newly discovered breast cancer genes, atezolizumab in neoadjuvant therapy in HER2-positive patients, long-term data from the APHINITY study, and on how preoperative peritumoral application of local anesthetics can influence the prognosis. We also present solid data on dynamic Ki-67 from the ADAPT studies

Update breast cancer 2021 part 5 – advanced breast cancer

Despite the COVID 19 pandemic and mostly virtual congresses, innovation in the treatment of breast cancer patients continues at an unabated pace. This review summarises the current developments. Initial overall survival data for CDK4/6 inhibitor treatment in combination with an aromatase inhibitor as the first advanced line of therapy in treatment-naive postmenopausal patients have been published. Similarly, a trial comparing trastuzumab-deruxtecan versus trastuzumab-emtansine revealed a clear benefit regarding progression-free survival. Understanding of biomarkers making checkpoint inhibitor therapy particularly effective is increasing, and new compounds such as oral selective estrogen receptor destabilisers (SERDs) are entering clinical development and completing the first phase III trials

Update Breast Cancer 2022 Part 5 – Early Stage Breast Cancer

The treatment of patients with early stage breast cancer has changed in recent years due to the introduction of pembrolizumab, olaparib, and abemaciclib. These and other drugs with the same class of active ingredient are currently in trial for various indications. This review article summarizes the latest results that have either been presented at major conferences such as the ESMO 2022 or published recently in international journals. This includes reports on newly discovered breast cancer genes, atezolizumab in neoadjuvant therapy in HER2-positive patients, long-term data from the APHINITY study, and on how preoperative peritumoral application of local anesthetics can influence the prognosis. We also present solid data on dynamic Ki-67 from the ADAPT studies

Update breast cancer 2022 part 4 – advanced-stage breast cancer

For the treatment of patients with advanced HER2-negative hormone receptor-positive breast cancer, several substances have been introduced into practice in recent years. In addition, other drugs are under development. A number of studies have been published over the past year which have shown either an advantage for progression-free survival or for overall survival. This review summarizes the latest results, which have been published at current congresses or in specialist journals, and classifies them in the clinical treatment context. In particular, the importance of therapy with CDK4/6 inhibitors – trastuzumab deruxtecan, sacituzumab govitecan and capivasertib – is discussed. For trastuzumab deruxtecan, an overall survival benefit in HER2-negative breast cancer with low HER2 expression (HER2-low expression) was reported in the Destiny-Breast-04 study. Similarly, there was an overall survival benefit in the FAKTION study with capivasertib. The lack of overall survival benefit for palbociclib in the first line of therapy raises the question of clinical classification

Update Breast Cancer 2022 Part 6 – Advanced-Stage Breast Cancer

Large-scale study programs on CDK4/6 inhibitors, targeted therapies, and antibody–drug conjugates launched in recent years have yielded results from current studies which are now being published in journals and presented at international conferences. In this context, new results are available from the major CDK4/6 inhibitor studies. Also, an increasing amount of data is being published from large-scale genomic studies on efficacy and resistance mechanisms in patients treated with CDK4/6 inhibitors. These results now form the basis for further research plans to investigate combination therapies and treatment sequencing. Based on the latest published results, sacituzumab govitecan is now available as a second antibody–drug conjugate; this brings an advantage in terms of overall survival for patients with hormone receptor-positive (HRpos)/HER2-negative (HER2neg) breast cancer. In this review article, we summarize the latest developments and place them in context according to the current status of research