Türkiye'nin Marmara Bölgesinden elde edilen bazı propolislerin anti-üreaz aktivitesinin belirlenmesi

Propolis is a natural product collected by honeybees from plants especially flowers and buds by mixing with wax and resin and used for many purposes in hive. It is known that propolis has been used in the treatment of various diseases in traditional medicine for many years and has biological activities such as antioxidant, antimicrobial, antiulcer, antitumor, anti-inflammatory. There is increasing interest in alternative approaches to inhibit Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) and thereby treat many gastric diseases. This study investigated various properties of raw propolis samples from the Marmara region of Turkey. Anti-urease activity was investigated in propolis samples. The anti-urease activity of IC50 values ranged from 1.110 to 5.870 mg/mL. As a result, it can be said that propolis extract is a good inhibitor that can be used in the treatment of H. pylori to improve human health.Propolis, bal arıları tarafından bitkilerden özellikle çiçek ve tomurcuklardan balmumu ve reçine ile karıştırılarak toplanan ve kovanda birçok amaç için kullanılan doğal bir üründür. Propolisin uzun yıllardır geleneksel tıpta çeşitli hastalıkların tedavisinde kullanıldığı ve antioksidan, antimikrobiyal, antiülser, antitümör, antiinflamatuar gibi biyolojik aktiviteleri olduğu bilinmektedir. Helicobakter pilori'yi (H. pylori) inhibe etmeye ve böylece birçok mide hastalığını tedavi etmeye yönelik alternatif yaklaşımlara artan bir ilgi vardır. Bu çalışma, Türkiye'nin Marmara bölgesinden alınan ham propolis örneklerinin çeşitli özelliklerini araştırmıştır. Propolis örneklerinde anti-üreaz aktivitesi araştırıldı. IC50 değerlerinin anti-üreaz aktivitesi 1.110 ila 5.870 mg/mL aralığındaydı. Sonuç olarak propolis ekstraktının H. pylori tedavisinde insan sağlığını iyileştirmek için kullanılabilecek iyi bir inhibitör olduğu söylenebilir

Hepatoprotective potential of chestnut bee pollen on carbon tetrachloride-induced hepatic damages in rats

This study was supported by Research Fund of Karadeniz Technical University (Project no. 2009.111.002.5). Two of the authors, Oktay Yildiz and Huseyin Sahin, were funded by TUBITAK-BIDEB for their graduate studies.Bee pollen has been used as an apitherapy agent for several centuries to treat burns, wounds, gastrointestinal disorders, and various other diseases. The aim of our study was to investigate the hepatoprotective effects of chestnut bee pollen against carbon tetrachloride (CCI4)-induced liver damage. Total phenolic content, flavonoid, ferric reducing/antioxidant power, and DPPH radical activity measurements were used as antioxidant capacity determinants of the pollen. The study was conducted in rats as seven groups. Two different concentrations of chestnut bee pollens (200 and 400 mg/kg/day) were given orally and one group was administered with silibinin (50 mg/kg/day, i.p.) for seven days to the rats following the CCI4 treatment. The protective effect of the bee pollen was monitored by aspartate transaminase (AST) and alanine transaminase (AST) activities, histopathological imaging, and antioxidant parameters from the blood and liver samples of the rats. The results were compared with the silibinin-treated and untreated groups. We detected that CCI4 treatment induced liver damage and both the bee pollen and silibinin-treated groups reversed the damage; however, silibinin caused significant weight loss and mortality due, severe diarrhea in the rats. The chestnut pollen had showed 28.87 mg GAE/g DW of total phenolic substance, 8.07 mg QUE/g DW of total flavonoid, 92.71 mg Cyn-3-glu/kg DW of total anthocyanins, and 9 mg beta-carotene/100 g DW of total carotenoid and substantial amount of antioxidant power according to FRAP and DPPH activity. The results demonstrated that the chestnut bee pollen protects the hepatocytes from the oxidative stress and promotes the healing of the liver damage induced by CCI4 toxicity. Our findings suggest that chestnut bee pollen can be used as a safe alternative to the silibinin in the treatment of liver injuries

An investigation of the anti-hypertensive effect of mad honey and Rhododendron luteum sweet extract induced by N- ω -Nitro L-Arginine Methyl Ester (L-NAME) in rats

The aim of this study was to investigate the anti-hypertensive effect of mad honey and Rhododendron luteum sweet extracts containing grayanotoxin (GTX)-III in a rat model of hypertension induced by N-ω-nitro L-arginine methyl ester (L-NAME). Thirty Sprague Dawley rats were divided into five groups - control (0.9% NaCl, 1 mL for 30 days, oral gavage [o.g.]), hypertensive (40 mg L-NAME /kg, bw for 30 days, intraperitoneal [i.p.]), standard (40 mg L-NAME /kg, bw for  30 days, i.p. + 20 mg Captopril/kg, bw for the last 15 days, o.g.), treatment I (40 mg L-NAME /kg, bw for 30 days, i.p. + mad honey, 12.5 mg GTX-III /kg, bw for the last 15 days, o.g.), and  treatment II ( 40 mg L-NAME /kg, bw for 30 days, i.p.+ R. luteum blossom extract, 155.8 mg GTX-III /kg, bw for the last 15 days, o.g.). In addition to evaluating blood pressure using the tail-cuff method, some biochemical parameters were also measured in serum samples. Moreover, nitric oxide (NO) and glutathione (GSH) concentrations were also analyzed in heart, liver and kidney tissues to measure tissue damage caused by hypertension. The chromatographic analyses revealed GTX-III levels in mad honey and R. luteum of 24.94±0.10 mg/kg and 155.80±0.10 mg/kg, respectively. Both extracts used for animal application had a significant anti-hypertensive effect compared to the control and captopril groups. The systolic and diastolic values of the mad honey and blossom extract groups were 157.97-164.16 and 119.92-120.47, respectively.

What are the preventative effects of liver damage of bee products?

Karaciğer, anatomik, fizyolojik ve biyokimyasal rolü nedeniyle toksik madde ve ilaçlara sıkça maruz kalan ve tüm zehirsizleştirme mekanizmalarının yer aldığı bir organdır. Karaciğer genellikle detoksifiye edici bir organ olduğundan dolayı bazı kimyasal madde ve ilaçlar karaciğerdeki harabiyeti artırmaktadırlar. Bu sebeple günümüzde çok yaygın olarak karşımıza çıkan akut ve kronik hepatitler ve siroz hastalıklarının tedavisinde doğrudan ilaç kullanımı mümkün olamamaktadır. İnterferon adlı vücudun kendi ürettiği madde dışında karaciğer hasarlarını önlemede en etkili yöntem doğal ürünlerle tedavidir. Bu amaçla eşek dikeni adı verilen (Silybum marianum) bir bitkiden elde edilen silimarin ve silibinin yaygın kullanılan doğal ürünlerdir. Ayrıca literatürde doğal ekstreler ile hepatit hastalığını önlemeye yönelik deney hayvanları çalışmaları bildirilmektedir. Son yıllarda arı ürünleri ile yapılan uygulamaların etkili olduğu ve özellikle polen, propolis, bal ve arı sütü ile hepatit hastalığının önlenmesi üzerine araştırmalar yoğunlaşmıştırLiver is an organ which includes often exposed to toxic substances and drugs and all detoxification mechanisms due to the roles of anatomical, physiological, and biochemical. Due to the liver is an organ that usually detoxification, liver damage is increasing in some chemicals substances and medicines. For this reason, today, as we face the very common in treatment of acute and chronic hepatitis and cirrhosis of the liver illnesses directly to the use of drugs is not possible. Preventing liver damage outside interferon from substance produced by the body's own, the most effective method is treatment with natural products. For this purpose, silymarin and silibinin from a plant obtained called spurs ass (Silybum marianum) widely used natural products. In addition, studies in the literature reported in experimental animals for the prevent of hepatitis disease with natural extracts. In recent years, treatment with bee products to be effective, and in particular concentrated research on the prevention of hepatitis disease with pollen, propolis, honey and royal jelly

A comparision of commercial propolis extracts in terms of quality parameters

Propolis biyolojik aktif değeri yüksek doğal bir arı ürün olduğu için takviye edici gıda olarak değişik formülasyon ve paketlerde tüketilmektedir. Propolisin içeriği toplanma biçimi ve zamanı, arı ırkı ve toplandığı bölgenin florasına bağlı olarak değişmektedir. Bu nedenle standardize ham propolis elde etmek mümkün değildir fakat farklı çözücüler kullanılarak hazırlanan propolis ekstraktlarının standardize edilmesi mümkündür. Yapılan bu çalışma da Türkiye'nin değişik market ve aktarlarından toplanan ticari propolis ekstraktlarının bazı kalite parametreleri karşılaştırıldı. 20 değişik propolis ekstraktının briks, balsam, toplam fenolik madde miktarı (TFM), toplam flavonoid madde miktarı (TFMM) ve kondense tanen madde (KTM) miktarları ölçüldü. Çalışma sonucunda briks değerinin etanolik propolis ekstraktları için 25 ile 61 arasında, balsam değerlerinin %7.1 ile %95 arasında, TFM’ nin %1 ile %95 arasında, TFMM’nin %0.1 ile %7.8 arasında ve KTM’ nin %0.04 ile %0.4 arasında değiştiği tespit edildi. Propolis özütlerinin hazırlanması, tüketilmesi ve standardize edilmesinde bu parametrelerin önemli rol alabileceği görülmektedir.Propolis is a natural bee product, which contains a high amount of biological active components. It is consumed in different extract forms as supplementary food. Standardization of raw propolis is difficult because the composition of raw propolis depends on many factors such as flora of the area, harvesting season, collection style, and bee strain. However, standardization of propolis extract prepared with ethanol rather than raw propolis is achievable. In this study, different commercial propolis extracts were purchased from markets and their quality parameters were compared with each other. The amount of brix, balsam, total phenolic, total flavonoids and condensed tannins were determined in twenty different commercial propolis extracts. Results showed that the amount of brix ranges from 0 to 61, balsam from 7.1% to 95%, total phenolic content from 1% to 9.5%, total flavonoids from 0.1% to 7.8%, and condensed tannins from 0.004% to 0.4% for the ethanolic propolis extracts. Our results suggest that these parameters may play an important role in the preparation, consumption, and standardization of propolis extractsPropolis is a natural bee product, which contains a high amount of biological active components. It is consumed in different extract forms as supplementary food. Standardization of raw propolis is difficult because the composition of raw propolis depends on many factors such as flora of the area, harvesting season, collection style, and bee strain. However, standardization of propolis extract prepared with ethanol rather than raw propolis is achievable. In this study, different commercial propolis extracts were purchased from markets and their quality parameters were compared with each other. The amount of brix, balsam, total phenolic, total flavonoids and condensed tannins were determined in twenty different commercial propolis extracts. Results showed that the amount of brix ranges from 0 to 61, balsam from 7.1% to 95%, total phenolic content from 1% to 9.5%, total flavonoids from 0.1% to 7.8%, and condensed tannins from 0.004% to 0.4% for the ethanolic propolis extracts. Our results suggest that these parameters may play an important role in the preparation, consumption, and standardization of propolis extracts

Comparison of the activity of ınvertase and glucose-oxidase of raw and commercial honey as a distinguishing parameter

Bu çalışmanın amacı, herhangi bir işlem görmemiş ve doğrudan üreticiden alınan bazı ham bal numuneleri ile ticari etiketle satılan bazı balların invertaz ve glukoz-oksidaz aktiviteleri açısından karşılaştırılması ve ham bal için ayırt edici bir analiz ve kalite parametresinin ortaya konulmasıdır. Bu amaç doğrultusunda, 2 adet monofloral kestane balı ve 4 adet multifloral çiçek balının oluşturduğu ham bal grubu ile 6 adet çam balı ve 6 adet multifloral çiçek balının oluşturduğu ticari bal etiketli grubun spektrofotometrik olarak invertaz ve glukoz-oksidaz aktiviteleri hesaplanarak karşılaştırıldı. Uygulanan deneysel yöntemlere göre ham bal numunelerinin invertaz (135,028-238,878 U/kg bal ve 18,416-32,579 IN) ve glukoz-oksidaz aktiviteleri (Tespit Edilmedi-11.207 μg H2O2/g bal.h) ticari ballara göre daha yüksek bulundu. Her iki grubun sahip olduğu değerlerin istatistiki analizi, p<0,05 anlamlılık düzeyinde test edildi ve edinilen sonuçların ham ballar için ticari ballara göre ayırt edici bir kalite parametresi olduğu görüldü (p<0,05). Böylece piyasadaki ham balların tanımlanmasında özellikle invertaz aktivitesi değerinin ön plana çıkarılmasının önemi vurgulandı.The objective of this study was to compare raw honey in terms of the activity of invertase and glucoseoxidase, in order to present a distinctive analysis and quality parameters that could be used as an indicator of raw honey. Currently, this method is not being included in any commercial procedure, and it could be used on honey directly supplied from the beekeepers, or honey obtained from commercial sources. We tested the activity of invertase and glucose-oxidase on a raw honey group which consisted of 2 types of monofloral chestnut honey and 4 types of multifloral blossom honey. The commercial honey group consisted of 6 different types of pine honey and 6 different types of multifloral blossom honey. The results were analyzed spectrophotometrically. According to applied experimental methods, the invertase activity was 135.028 -238.878 U/kg honey and 18.416 - 32.579 IN. The glucoseoxidase activity was Not Detected - 11.207 H2O2/g honey.h Honey from raw sources were found to have significantly higher invertase and glucose-oxidase activity in comparison to commercial sourced honey. Statistical analysis of all values between the two groups was tested at the alpha = 0.05 significance level. Thus, invertase and glucose-oxidase activity could be potentially used as a test to identify raw honey from commercially sourced honey

Effects of mad honey on some biochemical parameters in rats

Sahin, Huseyin/0000-0002-6018-1494WOS: 000442765800020PubMed: 26239637The aims of this study were to determine grayanotoxin (GTX-III) toxin level in mad honey using liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry and examine the dynamic changes of certain biochemical parameters in blood serum of rats that consumed mad honey. For the experimental animal study, 20 Sprague-Dawley female rats were divided into 5 groups of 4 rats each, with one group being the control group (Group 1) and the others being the experimental groups (Groups 2-5). Groups 2, 3, 4, and 5 were, respectively, given mad honey extract at doses of 0.3, 0.6, 1.2, and 2.4 mg/g body weight/day via oral gavage for 8 days. According to results, the quantity of GTX-III found in the honey sample as 39.949 +/- 0.020 mg GTX-III/g honey, and the biochemical analysis of the tested parameters (aspartate aminotransferase, alanine aminotransferase, lactate dehydrogenase, alkaline phosphatase, creatine kinase, and creatine kinase muscle and brain) showed a significant elevation with increasing concentration of honey. In conclusion, the use of increasing concentrations of Rhododendron honey was seen as a source of enzymatic symptoms

Inhibition properties of propolis extracts to some clinically important enzymes

WOS: 000389344900006PubMed: 27052345The present study was conducted to envisage inhibition effects of propolis on the crucial enzymes, urease, xanthine oxidase (XO) and acetylcholinesterase (AChE). Some of the antioxidant properties of the propolis samples were determined using the total phenolic content (TPE) and total flavonoids in the eight different ethanolic propolis extracts (EPE) samples. Inhibition values of the enzymes were expressed as inhibition concentration (IC50; mg/mL or mg/mL) causing 50% inhibition of the enzymes with donepezil, acetohydroxamic acid and allopurinol as reference inhibitors. All the propolis extracts exhibited variable inhibition effects on these enzymes, but the higher the phenolic contents the lower the inhibitions values (IC50 = 0.074 to 1.560 mg/mL). IC50 values of the P5 propolis sample having the highest TPE, obtained from Zonguldak, for AChE, urease and XO were 0.081 +/- 0.009, 0.080 +/- 0.006 and 0.074 +/- 0.011 mg/mL, respectively. the EPE proved to be a good source of inhibitor agents that can be used as natural inhibitors to serve human health.TubitakTurkiye Bilimsel ve Teknolojik Arastirma Kurumu (TUBITAK) [114Z370]This study was supported by the project of Tubitak (114Z370)

Türkiye'nin Erzincan yöresinden temin edilen geven (astragalus microcephalus willd.) balının coğrafi parmak izi

The composition and biological value of honey vary depending on its producing flora. The botanical, chemical and biological active properties of honey determine the geographical authenticity of the honey. In this study, geographic fingerprints of thirty Astragalus (Astragalus microcephalus Willd.) honeys from Erzincan region were investigated. The honey consists of Astragalus pollen more than 65% and others were Salix spp., Cistaceae, Trifolium spp., Thymus spp, Rosaceae, Papaveraceae, Onobrychis spp. etc. The characteristic color of the analyzed honeys was bright/light yellow, Hunter color values (L, a, b) were found to be as L: 72-78, a: 7-16 and b: 58-78, respectively. Total polyphenol content of the honeys was 38.20±4.60 mg gallic acid equivalent (GAE)/100 g, it was found to be rich in some phenolics such as chrysin, caffeic acid phenyl ester, myricetin, pinocembrin, luteolin, and gallic acid.Balın bileşimi ve biyolojik değeri üretilen floraya bağlı olarak değişir. Balın botanik, kimyasal ve biyolojik aktif özellikleri, balın coğrafik özgünlüğünü (işaretini) belirlemektedir. Bu çalışmada Erzincan yöresine ait 30 adet geven (Astragalus microcephalus Willd.) balının coğrafi parmak izleri araştırıldı. Balın botanik içeriğinde%65'ten fazla Astragalus poleni ve azalan değerlerde Salix türleri, Cistaceae, Trifolium türleri, Thymus türleri, Rosaceae, Papaveraceae, Onobrychis türleri vb. bulunmaktadır. Çalışılan balların karakteristik rengi parlak/açık sarı, Hunter renk değerleri (L, a, b) sırasıyla L: 72-78, a: 7-16 ve b: 58-78 olarak tespit edildi. Balların toplam polifenol içeriği 36,50±4,60 mg gallik asit eşdeğeri (GAE)/100 g olup temel olarak krisin, kafeik asit fenil ester, mirisetin, pinosembrin, luteolin ve gallik asit gibi bazı fenoliklerce zengin olduğu bulundu