Difference between written and spoken Czech::The case of verbal nouns denoting an action

Abstract The present paper extends understanding of differences in expressing actions by verbal nouns in corpora of written vs. spoken Czech, namely in the Czech part of the Prague Czech-English Dependency Treebank and in the Prague Dependency Treebank of Spoken Czech. We show that while the written corpus includes more complex noun phrases with more explicit expression of adnominal participants, noun phrases in the spoken corpus contain more deletions and more exophoric references. We also carried out a quantitative analysis focusing on relative frequencies of combinations of participants modifying verbal nouns; although the written corpus shows higher relative frequencies, the order of the relative frequencies of particular combinations is the same in both types of communication.</jats:p

Kräuter für Nutz- und Heimtiere: Ratgeber für die Anwendung ausgewählter Heil- und Gewürzpflanzen

Dieser Ratgeber führt wissenschaftliche Erkenntnisse und traditionelles Hausmittelwissen zusammen, beleuchtet alles Wissenswerte zu über 50 Heilpflanzen und gibt konkrete Anwendungsbeispiele. Ziel ist es, altbewährte Pflanzenanwendungen wieder mehr in die moderne Tierhaltung einzubinden. Der anwenderorientierte Aufbau des Buches ermöglicht es dem Leser, Kenntnisse über die verschiedenen Zubereitungen und Anwendungen von Heilpflanzen zu erwerben und diese in der Praxis einzusetzen. Zubereitung, Aufbewahrung und Anwendung von Kräutern, sowie deren Wirkung und Einsatz bei einzelnen Tierarten werden ausführlich dargestellt. „Die Aufgabe heutiger Wissenschaft ist weniger die Suche nach neuen wirksamen Pflanzen, vielmehr die Überprüfung und Absicherung dieses althergebrachten Wissensschatzes im Lichte moderner Erkenntnisse. Das Autorenteam setzt sich aus jungen engagierten Wissenschaftlern und Tierärzten zusammen. Ihnen ist es ein großes Anliegen, dass die Erkenntnisse der Kräuterheilkunde möglichst vielen Tierhaltern – insbesondere ihren Tieren – von Nutzen sein werden. Es bleibt der Wunsch: die vielen praktischen Anleitungen mögen einen starken Impuls zur Wiederbelebung der Kräuterheilkunde bei Tieren geben.“ Dr. Gerhard Plakol

Desmin Knock-Out Cardiomyopathy: A Heart on the Verge of Metabolic Crisis

Desmin mutations cause familial and sporadic cardiomyopathies. In addition to perturbing the contractile apparatus, both desmin deficiency and mutated desmin negatively impact mitochondria. Impaired myocardial metabolism secondary to mitochondrial defects could conceivably exacerbate cardiac contractile dysfunction. We performed metabolic myocardial phenotyping in left ventricular cardiac muscle tissue in desmin knock-out mice. Our analyses revealed decreased mitochondrial number, ultrastructural mitochondrial defects, and impaired mitochondria-related metabolic pathways including fatty acid transport, activation, and catabolism. Glucose transporter 1 and hexokinase-1 expression and hexokinase activity were increased. While mitochondrial creatine kinase expression was reduced, fetal creatine kinase expression was increased. Proteomic analysis revealed reduced expression of proteins involved in electron transport mainly of complexes I and II, oxidative phosphorylation, citrate cycle, beta-oxidation including auxiliary pathways, amino acid catabolism, and redox reactions and oxidative stress. Thus, desmin deficiency elicits a secondary cardiac mitochondriopathy with severely impaired oxidative phosphorylation and fatty and amino acid metabolism. Increased glucose utilization and fetal creatine kinase upregulation likely portray attempts to maintain myocardial energy supply. It may be prudent to avoid medications worsening mitochondrial function and other metabolic stressors. Therapeutic interventions for mitochondriopathies might also improve the metabolic condition in desmin deficient hearts

THE IMPACT OF OPERATIONAL PARAMETERS ON THE WATER TRANSPORT IN FORWARD OSMOSES PROCESS

Osmoza je membranski proces, ki mu zadnja leta posvečajo veliko pozornosti, še posebej zato, ker predstavlja možnosti za boljše in predvsem bolj ekonomično pridobivanje pitne vode ter ponovno uporabo industrijskih in odpadnih voda. Pri prenosu snovi je pomembna pravilna izbira vhodne in gonilne raztopine, saj proces osmoze izkorišča razliko v osmotskem tlaku med dvema raztopinama. Namen diplomskega dela je bil določiti vpliv različnih obratovalnih pogojev na prenos snovi skozi asimetrično membrano med procesom osmoze. Uporabili smo biomimetične membrane z vgrajenimi proteini akvaporini, za katere je značilno, da omogočijo hitrejši pretok molekul vode skozi membrano in hkrati zmanjšajo povratni tok topljenca v vhodno raztopino. V prvem delu smo določali vpliv uporabe treh različnih gonilnih raztopin, in sicer vodne raztopine NaCl, CaCl2 in MgCl2. Hkrati smo spremljali tudi spremembe glede na različne koncentracije raztopine NaCl. Gonilne raztopine, ki so imele za topljenec soli z višjo molsko maso in večjim premerom ionov, to sta v našem primeru CaCl2 in MgCl2, so imele manjši povratni tok topljenca skozi membrano, kar je ena izmed lastnosti dobrih gonilnih raztopin. Višje koncentracije raztopin pa so rezultirale višji pretok molekul vode skozi membrano. Višji pretok vode skozi membrano smo opazili tudi pri procesu osmoze, kjer je aktivna stran membrane bila v stiku z gonilno raztopino. Hitrost pretoka raztopin na vsaki strani membrane je tudi eden izmed obratovalnih parametrov, ki smo ga spreminjali in spremljali vpliv na prehod vode skozi asimetrično membrano. Eksperimenti so bili izvedeni pri dveh različni pretokih raztopin, in sicer, 50 mL/min in 70 mL/min. Ugotovili smo, da ob spremenjenih pretokih, ne pride do bistvenih sprememb pri fluksu vode in povratnemu toku topljenca. Ravno tako, smo vpliv hitrosti pretoka spremljali med mašenjem membrane z alginatom, kjer tudi ni prišlo do sprememb v prenosu snovi skozi membrano. Na koncu smo s pridobljenimi meritvami določili koeficient permeabilnosti A in koeficient selektivnosti B, kjer smo ugotovili, da sta dosti bolj odvisna od obratovalnih pogojev kot sama hitrost snovi skozi membranoForward osmosis is a membrane process, which in recent years devoted a great attention, especially because it presents an efficient and economical production of potable water and reuse of industrial wastewater. The feed and appropriate draw solution have an important role in the water and solute transport, because the driving force of forward osmosis is a difference in osmotic pressure between two solutions. The goal of this diploma work was to determine the impact of various operating conditions on the water and salt transport through asymmetric membrane with embedded proteins aquaporin. The incorporated proteins enable higher flow-rate of water molecules through the membrane and at the same time reduce the salt reverse flux. In the first part of experimental work we define the impact of different types of draw solutions, namely, NaCl, CaCl2 and MgCl2. At the same time the influence of different concentrations of NaCl was determined. Draw solutions with a higher molecular weight and a larger ion diameter, which in this case are CaCl2 and MgCl2, provided a lower salt reverse flux, which is one of the benefits of draw solutions. Higher concentrations of draw solution has resulted in a higher flow rate of the water molecules through the membrane. The higher water flux was also observed in the process of osmosis where the active side of the membrane was in a contact with draw solution. One of the operating parameters, which has been changed is the flowrate of the solutions on either side of the membrane. Experiments were carried out at two different flow rates of solutions, namely, 50 mL/min and 70 mL/min. We found that the modified flow did not occur any significant change in the water flux and salt reverse flux. In additionally, we monitored the impact of flow velocity during the fouling experiment. There has been no changes in the water flux at higher flowrate. Within the final part of experimental work, we obtained the coefficient of permeability A, and the selectivity coefficient B, where we have found that they are much more dependent on the operating conditions in comparison with water flux and salt reverse flux

Development of a technological economic model for the investment evaluation of broiler breeding barns

Namen diplomskega dela je analiza reje piščancev (brojlerjev) za meso glede na tehnološko-ekonomske parametre, glede na finančno upravičenost investicije ter glede na povrnitev investicije v izgradnjo novega hleva v 30. letih. S pomočjo tehnološko-ekonomskega simulacijskega modela smo razvili kalkulacijo skupnih stroškov, ter ocenili investicijo glede na parametre neto sedanje vrednosti in interne stopnje donosa s štirimi različnimi diskontnimi stopnjami. Ugotovili smo, da znaša koeficient ekonomičnost 2,03 kar pomeni, da je reja brojlerjev ekonomsko upravičena. Investicija pa bi se nam pri 6,85 odstotni obrestni meri vrnila že v trinajstem letu, ko bi bila neto sedanja vrednost prvič pozitivnaThe purpose of the diploma thesis was to analyze the breeding of chickens for meat (broilers) from an economic point of view and to determine which technological and economic parameters justify the investment financially and if the construction of a new barn will pay off in 30 years. Using a technological-economic simulation model, the total costs were calculated and the investment was estimated according to the parameters of net present value and internal rate of return with different discount rates. It was found that the coefficient of economy is 2.03, which means that broiler breeding is economically justified. At a 6.85% interest rate, the return on investment would occur in the thirteenth year, when the net present value would be positive for the first time

Possible but not probable::A quantitative analysis of valency behaviour of Czech nouns in the Prague Dependency Treebank

Abstract In order to optimize corpus searches for valency lexicon production, we analyse the relative frequencies of different combinations of valency complementations of Czech deverbal nouns in the Prague Dependency Treebank, considering differences between productively and non-productively derived nouns and their semantic class. We also classify combinations of forms of participants according to their frequency.</jats:p

Evidence of necroptosis in hearts subjected to various forms of ischemic insults

Long-lasting ischemia can result in cell loss; however, repeated episodes of brief ischemia increase the resistance of the heart against deleterious effects of subsequent prolonged ischemic insult and promote cell survival. Traditionally, it is believed that the supply of blood to the ischemic heart is associated with release of cytokines, activation of inflammatory response and induction of necrotic cell death. In the past few years, this paradigm of passive necrosis as an uncontrolled cell death has been re-examined and the existence of a strictly regulated form of necrotic cell death, necroptosis, has been documented. This controlled cell death modality, resembling all morphological features of necrosis, has been investigated in different types of ischemia-associated heart injuries. The process of necroptosis has been found to be dependent on the activation of RIP1-RIP3-MLKL axis, which induces changes leading to the rupture of cell membrane. This pathway is activated by TNF-Îą, which has also been implicated in the cardioprotective signaling pathway of ischemic preconditioning. Thus, this review is intended to describe the TNF-Îą mediated signaling leading to either cell survival or necroptotic cell death. In addition, some experimental data suggesting a link between heart dysfunction and the cellular loss due to necroptosis are discussed in various conditions of myocardial ischemia.The accepted manuscript in pdf format is listed with the files at the bottom of this page. The presentation of the authors' names and (or) special characters in the title of the manuscript may differ slightly between what is listed on this page and what is listed in the pdf file of the accepted manuscript; that in the pdf file of the accepted manuscript is what was submitted by the author