How Can Supply Chain Management Create Competitive Advantage in Hospitality Start-ups in India

The purpose of the research is to understand how the concept of Supply chain management(SCM) and concept of competitive advantage have evolved all these years. The research also examines the role of SCM in achieving competitive advantage in the Indian hospitality industry. A non-probability convenience sampling method is used to collect primary data through three telephonic interviews. A total of three executives working in the Indian hospitality start-ups have participated in the research. A mono qualitative research method is adopted for this research. The concept of SCM has expanded as it is not just management philosophy now. It is considered as a strategic concept . Likewise the concept of competitive advantage is not just related to cost leadership, differentiation in service or product and market focus (segmentation of market or customers). There are various competencies that can help companies attain competitive advantage. The research adds to the literature of SCM and competitive advantage. The research also highlights that any competency can help companies attain competitive advantage but only an effective SCM can help companies achieve competitive advantage

PREPARATION AND EVALUATION OF ORALLY DISINTEGRATING TABLETS OF DROTAVERINE HYDROCHLORIDE USING SUBLIMATION TECHNIQUE

Objective: To formulate orally disintegrating taste masked tablets of drotaverine hydrochloride (HCl) by sublimation technique.Methods: Initially superdisintegrant was selected and its concentration was optimized by pre-compression and post-compression parametric evaluation. Camphor and menthol were used as sublimating agents alone and in combination to mask the taste of drotaverine hydrochloride. Prepared tablets were evaluated for physicochemical evaluation, in vitro dissolution studies and fourier transformation-infrared spectroscopy, differential scanning calorimetry and X-ray diffractometry studies.Results: The optimised formulation DCM2 prepared with a mixture of camphor and menthol was characterised by fourier transformation-infrared spectroscopy, differential scanning calorimetry and X-ray diffractometry studies and found no incompatibility and no major shifts were noticed.Conclusion: The results demonstrated that the prepared drotaverine HCl orally disintegrating tablets showed better taste masking. The present sublimation technique can be effectively used for taste masking and also for orally disintegrating tablets

Formulation of gastroretentive floating drug delivery system using hydrophilic polymers and its in vitro characterization

O objetivo da presente pesquisa é o de formular e avaliar o sistema de liberação de fármaco gastrorretentivo flutuante, contendo o anti-hipertensivo, cloridrato de propranolol. Comprimidos gastrorretentivo flutuantes (GRFT) foram preparados utilizando um polímero hidrofílico sintético, o óxido de polietileno, de diferentes graus, tais como GE WSR N-12 K e GE 18 NF, como polímeros de retardamento de liberação, e carbonato de cálcio, como agente gerador de gases. Os GRFT foram comprimidos por compressão direta e avaliados para determinação das propriedades físico-químicas, flutuabilidade in vitro, estudos de inchamento, de dissolução in vitro e de mecanismo de liberação. Dos testes de dissolução e de flutuabilidade, selecionou-se F 9 como formulação otimizada. A formulação otimizada seguiu cinética de ordem zero, com mecanismo de difusão não-Fickiano. Essa formulação foi caracterizada por estudos de FTIR, não se observando interação entre o fármaco e os polímeros.The aim of the present research is to formulate and evaluate the gastroretentive floating drug delivery system of antihypertensive drug, propranolol HCl. Gastroretentive floating tablets (GRFT) were prepared by using a synthetic hydrophilic polymer polyethylene oxide of different grades such as PEO WSR N-12 K and PEO 18 NF as release retarding polymers and calcium carbonate as gas generating agent. The GRFT were compressed by direct compression strategy and the tablets were evaluated for physico-chemical properties, in vitro buoyancy, swelling studies, in vitro dissolution studies and release mechanism studies. From the dissolution and buoyancy studies, F 9 was selected as an optimized formulation. The optimized formulation followed zero order rate kinetics with non-Fickian diffusion mechanism. The optimized formulation was characterised with FTIR studies and observed no interaction between the drug and the polymers

TRIM16 employs NRF2, ubiquitin system and aggrephagy for safe disposal of stress-induced misfolded proteins

The cellular stresses, genetic mutations, and environmental factors can critically affect the protein quality control checkpoints resulting in protein misfolding. Molecular chaperones play a crucial role in maintaining the healthy proteome by refolding the misfolded proteins into the native functional conformations. However, if they fail to refold the misfolded proteins into the native state, they are targeted by proteolytic systems for degradation. If the misfolded protein numbers increase more than what a cell can resolve, they get converted protein aggregates/inclusion bodies. The inclusion bodies are less cytotoxic than misfolded proteins. The enhanced production of misfolded proteins and protein aggregates are linked to several diseases collectively termed proteinopathies, which includes several neurodegenerative disorders. The understanding of molecular mechanisms that regulate the turnover of protein aggregates will pave path for therapeutic interventions of proteinopathies. In a recent report, we showed that a tripartite motif (TRIM) family protein, TRIM16 streamlines the process of protein aggregates turnover by regulating the NRF2-p62 axis and autophagy

Assessment of Hupu Gum for its Mucoadhesive Property in the Design and Evaluation of Mucoadhesive Buccal Patches of Propranolol HCl

ABSTRACT Objectives: There are no reports about assessment of the mucoadhesive property of formaldehyde treated hupu gum (HG). Hence the present study was undertaken to assessment of its mucoadhesive property of hupu gum in design of mucoadhesive buccal patches of Propanolol Hcl as a model drug. Methods: The prepared mucoadhesive buccal patches were compared with known muccoadhesive polymer, such as polyethylene oxide N 750. Poloxamer 407 is used as a penetration enhancer. The various physicomechanical parameters such as weight variation, folding endurance, thickness, surface pH, drug content, swelling studies and various ex vivo mucoadhesion parameters like mucoadhesive strength and force of adhesion were evaluated. In vitro diffusion studies as well as ex vivo drug release studies were performed. Results and conclusion: The results of the present investigation concluded that the formaldehyde treated hupu gum used as mucoadhesive polymer in development of buccal patches of propranolol Hcl were prepared by solvent casting method. Hupu gum is highly viscous, difficult to form buccal patches, due to this reason it is exposed to formaldehyde for 1hr to reduce its swelling nature. However, the variation in the release profile of propranolol Hcl due to different in the drug to polymer ratio. Finally, concluded that the formaldehyde treated hupu gum used as a mucoadhesive polymer

Polyelectrolyte Complexes: A Review of their Applicability in Drug Delivery Technology

Over the past several years, great advances have been made towards novel drug delivery systems. The phenomena of interpolymer interactions and formation of polyelectrolyte complexes have been the focus of intensive fundamental and applied research. Interpolyelectrolyte complexes combine unique physicochemical properties with high biocompatibility. Studies have been carried out on many different polymer blends and types. Such combinations may possess unique properties that are different from those of individual component. The present review emphasizes on the applicability of polyelectrolyte complexes in drug delivery technology

PREPARATION AND EVALUATION OF DROTAVERINE HCL ORAL DISINTEGRATING TABLETS USING SOLID MIXTURE TECHNIQUE

Objective: The objective of this study is to formulate orally disintegrating taste masked tablets of drotaverine HCl using solid mixture technique.Methods: Taste masked drug-polymer solid mixtures of drotaverine HCl were prepared by using hydroxypropyl methylcellulose (HPMC) 3 cps and rxcipient® FM1000/calcium silicate (rxcipient) as carriers employing kneading method using varying drug-polymer ratios of 1:1, 1:5, 1:7.5, and 1:9. Prepared drug-polymer mixtures evaluated for taste masking, and the ratio of drug-polymer is optimized. The granules and tablets prepared with optimized drug-polymer ratio were evaluated for pre- and post-compression parameters, in vitro dissolution studies, Fourier-transformation infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), and X-ray diffractometry (XRD) studies.Results: The drug:polymer ratios 1:7.5 with rxcipient and 1:9 with HPMC were optimized based on taste evaluation. The pre-compression results showed that all the formulae have good flow properties. The post-compression evaluations showed that all the formulae met the specifications of orally disintegrating tablets. From all the prepared taste masked drotaverine HCl tablets, R10 formulation consisting of 4% croscarmellose sodium and H9 formulation consisting of 3% croscarmellose sodium, 3% sodium starch glycolate, and 2% microcrystalline cellulose shown more than 99% drug release in 60 min, and both the formulations showed better taste masking and were meting oral disintegrating tablet (ODT) parameters. The optimized formulation was characterized by FTIR, DSC, and XRD studies and found no incompatibility.Conclusion: The results demonstrated that the prepared drotaverine HCl ODT showed better taste masking and meeting the parameters of ODT formulations R10 and H9. The present solid mixture technique can be effectively used for taste masking

ELECTROSPUN NANOFIBROUS WOUND DRESSINGS: A REVIEW ON CHITOSAN COMPOSITE NANOFIBERS AS POTENTIAL WOUND DRESSINGS

Advancements in topical wound dressings led to the development of products to protect the wound and facilitate addressing special issues in healing and non-healing wounds. Rapidly growing interest in nanofiber research is leading to the development of potential candidates for wound dressing applications. Electrospinning nanofibers have been considered one of the effective materials in development of scaffolds for tissue engineering applications. Nanofibers mimic the extracellular matrix with their structural similarities, high surface area, and porosity, thereby enabling the effective delivery of antimicrobial agents in the wound milieu. Chitosan, an excellent biopolymer, is offering versatile applications as electrospun nanofibers due to the presence of its inherent properties like nontoxicity, biodegradability, biocompatibility, and antimicrobial nature, as well as its efficiency towards re‐epithelialization and regeneration of the granular layer of the wounds. The current review discusses the design and strategies used in the development of electrospun chitosan nanofibers, as well as the limitations of these strategies. This article provides the most recent information on the fabrication of chitosan composite nanofibrous materials and their applications for wound healing

Investigation on <it>in vitro</it> dissolution rate enhancement of indomethacin by using a novel carrier sucrose fatty acid ester

<p>Abstract</p> <p>Background and the purpose of the study</p> <p>The purpose of the present investigation was to characterize and evaluate solid dispersions (SD) of indomethacin by using a novel carrier sucrose fatty acid ester (SFE 1815) to increase its in vitro drug release and further formulating as a tablet.</p> <p>Methods</p> <p>Indomethacin loaded SD were prepared by solvent evaporation and melt granulation technique using SFE 1815 as carrier in 1:0.25, 1:0.5 1:0.75 and 1:1 ratios of drug and carrier. Prepared SD and tablets were subjected to in vitro dissolution studies in 900 mL of pH 7.2 phosphate buffer using apparatus I at 100 rpm. The promising SD were further formulated as tablets using suitable diluent (DCL 21, Avicel PH 102 and pregelatinised starch) to attain the drug release similar to that of SD.. The obtained dissolution data was subjected to kinetic study by fitting the data into various model independent models like zero order, first order, Higuchi, Hixon-Crowell and Peppas equations. Drug and excipient compatibility studies were confirmed by fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction, differential scanning calorimetry and scanning electron microscopy.</p> <p>Results</p> <p>The in vitro dissolution data exhibited superior release from formulation S₆ with 1:0.5 drug and carrier ratio using solvent evaporation technique than other SDs prepared at different ratio using solvent evaporation and melt granulation technique. The in vitro drug release was also superior to that of the physical mixtures prepared at same ratio and also superior to SD prepared using common carriers like polyvinyl pyrollidone and PEG 4000 by solvent evaporation technique. Tablets (T₈) prepared with DCL21 as diluent exhibited superior release than the other tablets. The tablet formulation (T₈) followed first order release with Non-Fickian release.</p> <p>Conclusion</p> <p>SFE 1815 a novel third generation carrier can be used for the preparation of SD for the enhancement of <it>in vitro</it> drug release of indomethacin an insoluble drug belonging to BCS class II.</p