Performance Ratings Of Supervisors In Nigerian Universities: The Subordinates's View

A ZJER ratings survey.This paper presents the results of a study designed to investigate the ratings of supervisors and subordinates on the role performance of heads of departments in Nigerian universities. The results indicate that the subordinates rated their supervisors’ performance low (fair) and their mean scores were generally lower (fair) than those of the supervisors except in the 'initiating’ and ’supervising’ functions where they were in agreement. A t-test result also reveal a significant difference between the ratings of subordinates and supervisors. Based on these results, it was concluded that subordinate staff in Nigerian universities had higher role expectations for their supervisors and this may have influenced the ratings

THE CONCEPT OF TORT LIABILITY IN EDUCATION: WHAT THE TEACHER SHOULD KNOW

The study discussed the concept of tort liability as regards to education with a definite focus on its implication for teachers. Torts was simply described as civil wrong which could range from negligence, intentional and strict tort. Tortious liability arises out of breach of duty primarily fixed by the law. This duty is towards persons generally and its breach is redressable by an action for unliquidated damages. School tort liabilities may arise from the following incidents school bus accidents, children injured while crossing school crosswalks, food poisoning from school meals, exposure to hazardous material or chemicals, failure to evacuate children properly, slip and falls on school premises. The study recommended that the teacher should be aware of duties of supervision, duties of instruction, duties to protect and awareness of the health condition of students in the class.  Article visualizations

Role of Education in Promoting Gender Equality and Women Empowerment: Implication for Social Justice and Development in Nigeria

Equal educational opportunities for all have been the major concern of well-meaning individuals all over the world.  As a result, governments and non-governmental agencies are poised to propagate the gospel through policy provision, advocacy, etc., which encourage participants to appreciate the need to receive functional education at different levels of education.  In Nigeria, efforts that will encourage better participation and invariably lead to national development was put in place through the review of the Nigeria’s National Policy on Education (FGN 2013).  The changes in this policy document became imperative as a result of the demands from international bodies such as United Nations Millennium Development Goals (MDGs), Education for All (EFA), and other interested citizens, etc.  This study examined the role of education in promoting gender equality and women empowerment using critical indicators such as enrolment and graduation rate at the primary, secondary and open and distance learning in Nigeria.  The paper contends that the attainment of gender equality and women empowerment are sine qua non to effective education policy implementation and monitoring.  It was therefore concluded that the obvious implication for social justice and development in Nigeria can be sustained through well articulated education for all. Keywords: Gender equality, Women empowerment, social justice, Nigeria, development.   

Life cycle cost assessment of insect based feed production in West Africa

While there is a growing body of research investigating the technical feasibility and nutritional properties of insect based feeds (IBFs), thus far little attention has been devoted to gauge the economic implications of implementation. This study has investigated the economic performance of ex-ante modelled IBF production systems operating in the geographical context of West Africa. A Life Cycle Cost (LCC) analysis of recently published life cycle inventory (LCI) data served as a basis to analyse and compare the economic performances of IBF production systems using Musca domestica and Hermetia illucens reared on different substrates. To gauge the application potential of IBF in West Africa, estimated breakeven sale prices of IBFs were benchmarked against the customary market prices of conventional feeds. The results show that the economic performance of IBF production in West Africa is largely determined by the costs attributed to labour and the procurement of rearing substrates, attesting economic advantages to the production of M. domestica larvae by measure of breakeven price (1.28–1.74 EUR/kg IBF) and LCC (1.72–1.99 EUR/kg IBF). A comparison of the breakeven sale prices of IBF with market prices of conventional feeds suggest that IBF has potential to substitute imported fishmeal, but findings offer no support for conjectured economic advantages over plant based feeds

Life Cycle Inventory Analysis of Prospective Insect Based Feed Production in West Africa

While the concept of insect based feeds (IBFs) promises great potential, especially in developing countries, the sustainability performance of IBF production remains widely underexplored. Drawing on experimental data from rearing trials in West Africa, three different insect production systems were modelled ex-ante. The generic models served as a basis to analyse and compare the process performances of different IBF production systems using Musca domestica and Hermetia illucens reared on different substrates. The results show that the input efficiency in the production of IBF is largely determined by the quality of rearing substrates, the larval development time and the employed inoculation practises, i.e., the method by which eggs or larvae are added to rearing substrates. The H. illucens system ranked highest for conversion efficiency (substrate input per IBF output), but showed substantially higher inputs in labour, fossil energy and output of wastewater. M. domestica systems operated at lower conversion efficiencies, which resulted in higher outputs of residue substrates, together with higher emissions, land requirements, built infrastructure and water. By offering full disclosure of generic inventory data, this study provides data and inspiration for prospect research and development activities and offers a reference to future life cycle assessments (LCAs) on IBF

Ex-ante life cycle impact assessment of insect based feed production in West Africa

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Ex-ante life cycle impact assessment of insect based feed production in West Africa

While the idea of using insect based feeds (IBFs) offers great potential, especially in developing countries, the environmental impact of implementation remains poorly researched. This study investigates the environmental performance of IBF production in the geographical context of West Africa. Drawing on published life cycle inventory (LCIs) data, the impact of three different IBF production systems were ex-ante evaluated (ReCiPe method) and compared to conventional feed resources. The explorative life cycle study provides a basis for trade-off analysis between different insect rearing systems (Musca domestica and Hermetia illucens) and provides insights on the environmental performance of IBF in comparison with conventional animal- and plant based protein feeds (fishmeal, cottonseed and soybean meal). The impacts of IBFs were shown to be largely determined by rearing techniques and the environmental loads of rearing substrates, attesting advantages to the rearing of housefly (M. domestica) larvae on chicken manure and the use of natural oviposition, i.e., substrate inoculation through naturally occurring flies. A comparison with conventional feeds pointed out the environmental disadvantages of current IBF production designs (especially in comparison to plant based feeds) that were largely attributable to their different position in the trophic network (decomposers) and the systems’ sub-standard capacity utilisation (insufficient economy of scale effect). When larvae are reared on substrates of low economic value (i.e., waste streams), IBF impacts were comparable to fishmeal. The results of the comparative assessment also highlighted a methodological limitation in the ReCiPe method, which does not account for impacts related to the use of biotic resources. As a consequence, the utilization of naturally grown resources, such as wild anchoveta, was treated as an ecosystem service of no environmental charge, providing disproportionate advantages to the fishmeal system.status: publishe

Life cycle cost assessment of insect based feed production in West Africa

© 2018 Elsevier Ltd While there is a growing body of research investigating the technical feasibility and nutritional properties of insect based feeds (IBFs), thus far little attention has been devoted to gauge the economic implications of implementation. This study has investigated the economic performance of ex-ante modelled IBF production systems operating in the geographical context of West Africa. A Life Cycle Cost (LCC) analysis of recently published life cycle inventory (LCI) data served as a basis to analyse and compare the economic performances of IBF production systems using Musca domestica and Hermetia illucens reared on different substrates. To gauge the application potential of IBF in West Africa, estimated breakeven sale prices of IBFs were benchmarked against the customary market prices of conventional feeds. The results show that the economic performance of IBF production in West Africa is largely determined by the costs attributed to labour and the procurement of rearing substrates, attesting economic advantages to the production of M. domestica larvae by measure of breakeven price (1.28–1.74 EUR/kg IBF) and LCC (1.72–1.99 EUR/kg IBF). A comparison of the breakeven sale prices of IBF with market prices of conventional feeds suggest that IBF has potential to substitute imported fishmeal, but findings offer no support for conjectured economic advantages over plant based feeds.status: publishe