Effects of higher order corrected entropy on the black hole physics

In this paper we consider higher order corrections of the BTZ and AdS Schwarzschild black holes entropy and study corrected thermodynamics. We obtain some important thermodynamics quantities like internal and Helmholtz free energy and calculate specific heat. By using corrected specific heat we study black holes stability and investigate possible phase transition and critical points. Correction terms of the entropy are important when the size of black hole be small and come from thermal fluctuations of statistical physics, hence one can interpret them as quantum corrections to the black hole thermodynamics. We show that presence of corrections of entropy are many important for stability or instability of black holes.The accepted manuscript in pdf format is listed with the files at the bottom of this page. The presentation of the authors' names and (or) special characters in the title of the manuscript may differ slightly between what is listed on this page and what is listed in the pdf file of the accepted manuscript; that in the pdf file of the accepted manuscript is what was submitted by the author

Analytical Model for the Extraction of Flaw-Induced Current Interactions for SQUID NDE

Incorporating an analytical approach to simulate the interaction of a series of long cracks and the induced current of a double-D excitation coil, we have developed a model-based method to do precise detection of the positions of the cracks in a metallic structure by using eddy-current superconducting quantum interference device (SQUID) nondestructive evaluation (NDE) measurements. Conventionally, the structure of the defects is found by iteratively solving a numerical forward problem, which is usually based on finite-element, boundary-element, or volume-integral method. This, however, incurs a heavy numerical burden, as every time the forward problem is to be solved, a rigorous numerical model should be inevitably employed to extract the complex distribution pattern of the induced current encountering defects of the structure. In this paper, an analytical approach is used for the modeling of the interaction of the induced current and a series of cracks in the sample. It duly considers the distribution of the induced current in the flawed samples, does not call for extremely high computational resource, and thus permits efficient NDE as the forward problem can be solved within a reasonable time. Here, a high-T-c first-order radio-frequency SQUID gradiometer is employed as the magnetic sensor of the NDE system to scan the samples with different cracks. The accuracy of the proposed algorithm is verified by having the extracted shape of the defects obtained by applying the proposed algorithm on the SQUID NDE measurements against the actual cracks

Metabolomic foundation for differential responses of lipid metabolism to nitrogen and phosphorus deprivation in an arachidonic acid-producing green microalga

The green oleaginous microalga Lobosphaera incisa accumulates storage lipids triacylglycerols (TAG) enriched in the long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acid arachidonic acid under nitrogen (N) deprivation. In contrast, under phosphorous (P) deprivation, the production of the monounsaturated oleic acid prevails. We compared physiological responses, ultrastructural, and metabolic consequences of L. incisa acclimation to N and P deficiency to provide novel insights into the key determinants of ARA accumulation. Differential responses to nutrient deprivation on growth performance, carbon-to-nitrogen stoichiometry, membrane lipid composition and TAG accumulation were demonstrated. Ultrastructural analyses suggested a dynamic role for vacuoles in sustaining cell homeostasis under conditions of different nutrient availability and their involvement in autophagy in L. incisa. Paralleling ARA-rich TAG accumulation in lipid droplets, N deprivation triggered intensive chloroplast dismantling and promoted catabolic processes. Metabolome analysis revealed depletion of amino acids and pyrimidines, and repression of numerous biosynthetic hubs to favour TAG biosynthesis under N deprivation. Under P deprivation, despite the relatively low growth penalties, the presence of the endogenous P reserves and the characteristic lipid remodelling, metabolic signatures of energy deficiency were revealed. Metabolome adjustments to P deprivation included depletion in ATP and phosphorylated nucleotides, increased levels of TCA-cycle intermediates and osmoprotectants. We conclude that characteristic cellular and metabolome adjustments tailor the adaptive responses of L. incisa to N and P deprivation modulating its LC-PUFA production. © 2019 Elsevier B.V

Lipidome Remodeling and Autophagic Respose in the Arachidonic-Acid-Rich Microalga Lobosphaera incisa Under Nitrogen and Phosphorous Deprivation

The green microalga Lobosphaera incisa accumulates triacylglycerols (TAGs) with exceptionally high levels of long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acid (LC-PUFA) arachidonic acid (ARA) under nitrogen (N) deprivation. Phosphorous (P) deprivation induces milder changes in fatty acid composition, cell ultrastructure, and growth performance. We hypothesized that the resource-demanding biosynthesis and sequestration of ARA-rich TAG in lipid droplets (LDs) are associated with the enhancement of catabolic processes, including membrane lipid turnover and autophagic activity. Although this work focuses mainly on N deprivation, a comparative analysis of N and P deprivation responses is included. The results of lipidomic profiling showed a differential impact of N and P deprivation on the reorganization of glycerolipids. The formation of TAG under N deprivation was associated with the enhanced breakdown of chloroplast glycerolipids and the formation of lyso-lipids. N-deprived cells displayed a profound reorganization of cell ultrastructure, including internalization of cellular material into autophagic vacuoles, concomitant with the formation of LDs, while P-deprived cells showed better cellular ultrastructural integrity. The expression of the hallmark autophagy protein ATG8 and the major lipid droplet protein (MLDP) genes were coordinately upregulated, but to different extents under either N or P deprivation. The expression of the Δ5-desaturase gene, involved in the final step of ARA biosynthesis, was coordinated with ATG8 and MLDP, exclusively under N deprivation. Concanamycin A, the inhibitor of vacuolar proteolysis and autophagic flux, suppressed growth and enhanced levels of ATG8 and TAG in N-replete cells. The proportions of ARA in TAG decreased with a concomitant increase in oleic acid under both N-replete and N-deprived conditions. The photosynthetic apparatus’s recovery from N deprivation was impaired in the presence of the inhibitor, along with the delayed LD degradation. The GFP-ATG8 processing assay showed the release of free GFP in N-replete and N-deprived cells, supporting the existence of autophagic flux. This study provides the first insight into the homeostatic role of autophagy in L. incisa and points to a possible metabolic link between autophagy and ARA-rich TAG biosynthesis. © Copyright © 2020 Kokabi, Gorelova, Zorin, Didi-Cohen, Itkin, Malitsky, Solovchenko, Boussiba and Khozin-Goldberg

Stress-induced changes in the ultrastructure of the photosynthetic apparatus of green microalgae

In photosynthetic organisms including unicellular algae, acclimation to and damage by environmental stresses are readily apparent at the level of the photosynthetic apparatus. Phenotypic manifestations of the stress responses include rapid and dramatic reduction of photosynthetic activity and pigment content aimed at mitigating the risk of photooxidative damage. Although the physiological and molecular mechanisms of these events are well known, the ultrastructural picture of the stress responses is often elusive and frequently controversial. We analyzed an extensive set of transmission electron microscopy images of the microalgal cells obtained across species of Chlorophyta and in a wide range of growth conditions. The results of the analysis allowed us to pinpoint distinct ultrastructural changes typical of normal functioning and emergency reduction of the chloroplast membrane system under high light exposure and/or mineral nutrient starvation. We demonstrate the patterns of the stress-related ultrastructural changes including peculiar thylakoid rearrangements and autophagy-like processes and provide an outlook on their significance for implementation of the stress responses. © 2018, Springer-Verlag GmbH Austria, part of Springer Nature

Hematospermia Evaluation at MR Imaging

Hematospermia is a challenging and anxiety-provoking condition that can manifest as a single episode or recur over the course of weeks to months. It is usually a benign self-limiting condition in younger sexually active males without a history of risk factors such as cancer, urogenital malformations, bleeding disorders, and their associated symptoms. However, patients with recurrent, refractory and painful hematospermia with associated symptoms, such as fever, pain, or weight loss, require evaluation through clinical assessment and noninvasive investigations to rule out underlying pathologic conditions such as ejaculatory obstruction, infectious and inflammatory causes, malignancy, vascular malformations, and systemic disorders that increase the risk of bleeding, especially when presenting in older men. If these investigations are negative, the patient should be reassured and treated accordingly. In the recent past, magnetic resonance (MR) imaging has assumed a major role in the investigation of hematospermia due to its excellent soft-tissue contrast and multiplanar capabilities. In this review, we will discuss the potential causes of hematospermia and its diagnostic workup, including pathophysiology, anatomic considerations, the imaging appearance of associated pathologic conditions, and management. (C) RSNA, 2016 . radiographics.rsna.org6 month embargo; published online: 12 August 2016This item from the UA Faculty Publications collection is made available by the University of Arizona with support from the University of Arizona Libraries. If you have questions, please contact us at [email protected]