Population history of deep-sea vent and seep Provanna snails (Mollusca: Abyssochrysoidea) in the northwestern Pacific

Background Gastropods of the genus Provanna are abundant and widely distributed in deep-sea chemosynthetic environments with seven extant species described in the northwestern Pacific. Methods We investigated the population history and connectivity of five Provanna species in the northwestern Pacific through population genetic analyses using partial sequences of the cytochrome c oxidase subunit I gene. Results We found that P. subglabra, the most abundant and genetically diverse species, is genetically segregated by depth. Among the five species, the three comparatively shallower species (P. lucida, P. kuroshimensis, P. glabra) had a more constant demographic history compared to the deeper species (P. subglabra, P.  clathrata). Discussion Environmental differences, especially depth, appears to have a role in the segregation of Provanna snails. The population of P. clathrata in the Irabu Knoll appears to have expanded after P. subglabra population. The remaining three species, P. lucida, P. kuroshimensis, and P. glabra, are only known from a single site each, all of which were shallower than 1,000 m. These data indicate that Provanna gastropods are vertically segregated, and that their population characteristics likely depend on hydrothermal activities

Human AK2 links intracellular bioenergetic redistribution to the fate of hematopoietic progenitors

AK2 is an adenylate phosphotransferase that localizes at the intermembrane spaces of the mitochondria, and its mutations cause a severe combined immunodeficiency with neutrophil maturation arrest named reticular dysgenesis (RD). Although the dysfunction of hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) has been implicated, earlier developmental events that affect the fate of HSCs and/or hematopoietic progenitors have not been reported. Here, we used RD-patient-derived induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) as a model of AK2-deficient human cells. Hematopoietic differentiation from RD-iPSCs was profoundly impaired. RD-iPSC-derived hemoangiogenic progenitor cells (HAPCs) showed decreased ATP distribution in the nucleus and altered global transcriptional profiles. Thus, AK2 has a stage-specific role in maintaining the ATP supply to the nucleus during hematopoietic differentiation, which affects the transcriptional profiles necessary for controlling the fate of multipotential HAPCs. Our data suggest that maintaining the appropriate energy level of each organelle by the intracellular redistribution of ATP is important for controlling the fate of progenitor cells

Central control of bone remodeling by neuromidin U.

Bone remodeling, the function affected in osteoporosis, the most common of bone diseases, comprises two phases: bone formation by matrix-producing osteoblasts 1 and bone resorption by osteoclasts 2 . The demonstration that the anorexigenic hormone leptin 3-5 inhibits bone formation through a hypothalamic relay Bone mass is maintained at a constant level between puberty and menopause by a succession of bone-resorption and bone-formation phases NMU is a small peptide produced by nerve cells in the submucosal and myenteric plexuses in the small intestine, and also by structures in the brain, including the dorsomedial nucleus of the hypothalamus 9 . It is generally assumed that NMU acts as a neuropeptide to regulate various aspects of physiology, including appetite, stress response and SNS activation 9 . Indeed, NMU-deficient (Nmu -/-) mice develop obesity due to increased food intake and reduced locomotor activity that is believed, at least in part, to be leptin independent 8 . In addition, expression of NMU is diminished in leptin-deficient (Lep ob ) mice 18 , but can be induced in these mice by leptin treatment When assessed at 3 and 6 months of age, both male and female Nmu -/-mice showed a high bone mass phenotype as compared to the wild type (WT), with male mice more severely affected than female mic

RV Shinsei maru "Cruise Report" KS-20-18

調査海域: 北海道沖太平洋 襟裳海山 / Area: The Pacific Ocean off Hokkaido, Erimo Seamount ; 期間: 2020年8月16日～2020年8月20日 / Operation Period: August 16, 2020～August 20, 2020http://www.godac.jamstec.go.jp/darwin/cruise/shinsei_maru/ks-20-18/

Lamellibrachia sagami sp. nov., a new vestimentiferan tubeworm (Annelida: Siboglinidae) from Sagami Bay and several sites in the northwestern Pacific Ocean

Kobayashi, Genki, Miura, Tomoyuki, Kojima, Shigeaki (2015): Lamellibrachia sagami sp. nov., a new vestimentiferan tubeworm (Annelida: Siboglinidae) from Sagami Bay and several sites in the northwestern Pacific Ocean. Zootaxa 4018 (1): 97-108, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4018.1.

R/V HAKUHOMARU Cruise Report KH-22-8

調査海域: 南部千島海溝, 日本海溝周辺海域 / Area: Areas around the southern Kuril Trench, The Japan Trench ; 期間: 2022年9月30日～2022年10月17日 / Operation Period: September 30, 2022～October 17, 202

RV Shinsei maru "Cruise Report" KS-20-15_leg2

調査海域: 三陸沿岸 / Area: The Pacific Ocean off Sanriku ; 期間: 2020年9月30日～2020年10月5日 / Operation Period: September 30, 2020～October 5, 2020http://www.godac.jamstec.go.jp/darwin/cruise/shinsei_maru/ks-20-15_leg2/

Lamellibrachia Webb 1969, sp. nov.

Genus <i>Lamellibrachia</i> Webb, 1969 <p> <i>Lamellibrachia sagami</i> <b>sp. nov.</b> (Figs. 2−5)</p> <p> <i>Lamellibrachia</i> sp. (La-Ld): Kojima <i>et al.</i> 1997, 507–513.</p> <p> <i>Lamellibrachia</i> sp. L1: Kojima <i>et al.</i> 2000, 7–13; Kojima <i>et al</i>. 2001, 211–219; Kojima <i>et al</i>. 2002, 57–64; Kojima <i>et al</i>. 2003, 625–635; Kojima <i>et al</i>. 2006, 1357–1361; Miura & Kojima 2006, 209–224; Fujikura <i>et al</i>. 2008, 57–80, Figs. 3.10., 3.13., 3.19.; Miura & Fujikura 2008, 153, Fig. 9.3. A–C.</p> <p> <i>Lamellibrachia</i> sp. (Sagami Bay, 300 and 1200 m): Andersen <i>et al</i>. 2004, 980–999.</p> <p> <i>Lamellibrachia</i> sp. (Nankai Trough): Hilário <i>et al</i>. 2011, 200–207.</p> <p> <i>Lamellibrachia</i> sp. (Nankai Trough, 1200 m): McMullin <i>et al.</i> 2003, 1–41; Gardiner <i>et al</i>. 2001, 694–707.</p> <p> <i>Lamellibrachia</i> sp. Sagami: Southward <i>et al.</i> 2011, 245–279.</p> <p> <b>Material examined.</b> Holotype: off Hatsushima, Sagami Bay, female, 39° 0.95′ N, 139° 13.32′ E, 853 m, <i>Hyper- Dolphin</i> Dive HPD #0928 during <i>Natsushima</i> NT08–25 cruise, 17 Dec 2008, NSMT-Pol H-593, JAMSTEC No. 0 79102. Paratypes: off Hatsushima, Sagami Bay during four dives, three males and two females, the same catch as the holotype, NSMT-Pol P-594, NSMT-Pol P-595, JAMSTEC No. 0 79069, 0 79073, respectively, and JAMSTEC No. 0 79098, 0 79100, 079109; two males and a female, 35° 0.00′ N, 139° 13.50′ E, 1170 m, <i>Dolphin 3K</i> Dive 3K#0190 during <i>Natsushima</i> NT94–04 cruise, 22 Sep 1994, NSMT-Pol P-596, JAMSTEC No. 79842; three males and a female, 35° 0.77′ N, 139° 13.65′ E, 937 m, <i>Shinkai 2000</i> Dive 2K#1203 during <i>Natsushima</i> NT00–08 cruise, 10 Jul 2000, JAMSTEC No. 26480−26483; five females, 35° 0.76′ N, 139° 13.49′ E, 850 m, <i>Shinkai 2000</i> Dive 2K#1203 during <i>Natsushima</i> NT00–08 cruise, 10 Jul 2000, NSMT-Pol P-597, JAMSTEC No 026501−026507. Non-type specimens: a male, off Hatsushima, Sagami Bay, 35° 00.00′ N, 139° 13.50′ E, 1160 m, <i>Natsushima</i> NT86–02 cruise <i>Shinkai 2000</i> Dive2K#222, 27 May 1986, JAMSTEC No. 80467; a female, the Daini Tenryu Knoll, the Nankai Trough, 34° 04.61′ N, 137° 47.27′ E, 606 m, <i>Hyper-Dolphin</i> Dive HPD #1655 during <i>Natsushima</i> NT14−07 cruise, 25 Apr 2014, JAMSTEC No. 1140043315.</p> <p> <b>Description.</b> Tube length 277.0– 661.5 mm (mean= 545.7 mm, n=4); outer width of top funnel opening 9.5– 11.2 mm (n=4); width of basal end 2.8–7.8 mm (mean= 4.5 mm, n=4). All tubes incomplete, lacking considerable parts of basal regions. External characters of tube variable along its length (Fig. 3). Anterior part straight or slightly curved, but not coiled, with many short collars. Inter-collar distance generally small but varying among specimens. Posterior part sinuous, curled, smooth, without collars.</p> <p>Obturaculum length 5.8–22.5 mm (mean=17.0 mm, n=18); width 4.4–10.8 mm (mean= 8.1 mm, n=18), with bare anterior face, lacking any secreted structure (Figs. 4 A, B). Lateral surface of obturaculum surrounded by branchial plumes. Three to six pairs of outer sheath lamellae (mean=4.4, n=17) present. Branchial lamellae with ciliated pinnules enclosed by sheath lamellae, number of pairs 19–26 (mean=23.2, n=17). Ratio of number of branchial lamellae pairs to obturaculum width (BL/OW) varying from 2.0−5.5 (mean=3.0, n=17).</p> <p>Vestimentum length 32.0– 84.5 mm (mean=58.0 mm, n=18); width 3.5–7.3 mm (mean=5.0 mm, n=18). Anterior edge of vestimentum forming centrally split collar-like fold extending outwardly (Fig. 4 A). Dorsal paired genital ciliated grooves running along most length of vestimentum and flanked by conspicuous narrow epidermal folds in males; without epidermal folds in females. Ventral surface of vestimentum covered by numerous cuticular plaques, with narrow central ciliated field (Figs 4 C, 5A). Posterior ends of vestimental folds separated centrally and rounded distally with tongue-like extensions.</p> <p>All specimens lacking considerable posterior trunk parts. Trunk (Fig. 4 D) filled with fragile tissue; surface covered entirely by cuticular plaques (Fig. 5 B) except midventral and middorsal seam-like lines. Opisthosome not observed.</p> <p>Vestimental plaques from 17 specimens ranging in diameter from 59–101µm (mean=77.4 µm; SD=8.3; n=170). Trunk plaques from 17 specimens ranging in diameter 67−130 µm (mean=94.0 µm; SD=11.7; n=170).</p> <p> <b>Type-locality.</b> Off Hatsushima in Sagami Bay, 853 m deep.</p> <p> <b>Etymology.</b> The specific epithet <i>sagami</i>, as noun in apposition, refers to the province name of the Edo period for Kanagawa, the coastal area of Sagami Bay, the type locality.</p> <p> <b>Comparison with specimens from non-type localities.</b> The COI sequence and the morphology of a specimen collected from the Daini Tenryu Knoll (JAMSTEC No. 1140043315) was examined. Its COI sequence (626bp) was identical to the sequence of 22 specimens (Haplotypes A and D) from the type locality of the new species (Kojima <i>et al.</i> 2001). Judging from the diameter of vestimental and trunk plaques and the number of branchial lamellae and sheath lamellae, it was also thought to be the new species (Table 1).</p> <p> <b>Distribution.</b> Based on the COI sequence (Kojima <i>et al</i>. 2001; Miura & Fujikura 2008), the species is known from cold seep areas off Hatsushima and on the Okinoyama Bank, Sagami Bay, the Kanesu-no-se Bank, the Ryuyo Canyon, the Omaezaki Spur and the Tenryu Knoll, the Nankai Trough, and the Kuroshima Knoll, the Ryukyu Trench between 270–1300 m (Fig. 1). It is also known from hydrothermal vent fields on the Iheya Ridge and the North Iheya Knoll, the Okinawa Trough, and the Sumisu Caldera, the Izu-Bonin arc between 900–1500 m depth (Kojima <i>et al</i>. 2001; Miura & Fujikura 2008).</p> <p> <b>Remarks.</b> All species of the genus <i>Lamellibrachia</i> are distinguishable by the sequence data for COI (Southward <i>et al.</i> 2011) with the exception of <i>L</i>. <i>victori</i> for which sequence data are not available. In this study, we compare morphologically the new species with other congeneric species.</p> <p> <i>Lamellibrachia sagami</i> <b>sp. nov.</b> differs morphologically from other known congeneric species in the diameter of cuticular plaques, the number of branchial lamellae and sheath lamellae (Table 1). There was no significant correlation between mean of the vestimental plaques diameters and the body size (the length and width of obturaculum and vestimentum), and between the trunk plaques diameters and the body size in each specimen of <i>L. sagami</i> <b>sp. nov.</b> (Spearman rank correlation, 17 type specimens and two non-type specimens, P>0.05). Also the number of branchial lamellae and sheath lamellae were not correlated with the body size (Spearman rank correlation, 18 type specimens and two non-type specimens, P>0.05). These suggest that in adults, the diameter of plaques, and the number of branchial lamellae and sheath lamellae are independent of the growth and we, therefore used them for morphological comparison in the genus.</p> <p>specimen n OL OW BL SL VP TP</p> <p>mm mm plaque diameter plaque diameter n (µm) n (µm)</p> <p> <i>Lamellibrachia sagami</i> sp. nov.</p> <p>6 2.7–3.9 17–25</p> <p> <i>Lamellibrachia juni</i> 8 6.6–12.9 5.2–8.3 22–35 2–3 87 –99*7 80–98*7 <i>Lamellibrachia anaximandri</i> 26 5.5–17 1.8– 6 8–19 3–9 55–70*6 60–95*6 <i>……continued on the next page</i> BL/OW References</p> <p>range mean</p> <p> <i>Lamellibrachia sagami</i> sp. nov.</p> <p>: obturacular length, OW: obturacular width, BL: number of branchial lamellae, SL: number of sheath lamellae, /TP: vestimental/trunk plaques. Blanks: no data.</p> <p>: specimen n=16; *2: specimen n=1; *3: specimen n=5; *4: specimen n=53; *5: specimen n=57; *6: specimen n not mentioned in the paper; *7: specimen n=4, referred to the plaque width in the text; *8: calculated in this study.</p> <p> At the continental margins in the Pacific, <i>L. sagami</i> <b>sp. nov.</b>, <i>L. barhami</i> and <i>L. satsuma</i> differ one another in the diameter of vestimental plaques (Table 1); 59–101 µm in <i>L. sagami</i> <b>sp. nov.</b>, 60–150 µm in <i>L. barhami</i> (Southward <i>et al</i>. 2011) and 35–63 µm in <i>L. satsuma</i> (Miura <i>et al</i>. 1997), and in that of the trunk ones; 67–130 µm, 115–160 µm and 51–82 µm, respectively.</p> <p> In the South Pacific, <i>L</i>. <i>sagami</i> <b>sp. nov.</b>, <i>L. columna</i> and <i>L. juni</i> are distinguishable by the number of sheath lamellae (Table 1); 8–16 pairs in <i>L. columna</i> and two or three pairs in <i>L. juni</i> (Southward 1991) while three to six pairs in <i>L</i>. <i>sagami</i> <b>sp. nov.</b>. Although some specimens of <i>L. juni</i> and <i>L. sagami</i> <b>sp. nov.</b> have three pairs of sheath lamellae (Miura & Kojima 2006), the new species has a smaller number of branchial lamellae.</p> <p> <i>Lamellibrachia sagami</i> <b>sp. nov.</b> differs from <i>L. luymesi</i> known from the Atlantic and <i>L. anaximandri</i> found in the Mediterranean in the diameter of plaques (Table 1). The diameter of vestimental plaques vary 59–101 µm in <i>L</i>. <i>sagami</i> <b>sp. nov.</b>, whereas 55–60 µm in <i>L</i>. <i>luymesi</i> and 55–70 µm in <i>L. anaximandri</i>; that of trunk ones 67–130 µm in <i>L. sagami</i> <b>sp. nov.</b> whereas 75–85 µm in <i>L. luymesi</i> (Southward <i>et al</i>. 2011). <i>Lamellibrachia anaximandri</i> has fewer branchial lamellae than <i>L. sagami</i> <b>sp. nov.</b>. <i>Lamellibrachia victori</i> has seven pairs of sheath lamellae (Mañé- Garzón & Montero 1985) and differs from <i>L</i>. <i>sagami</i> <b>sp. nov.</b>, in having three to six pairs (Table 1).</p> <p> Additionally, the BL/OW ratio significantly differs from each other in ranging 2.0– 5.5 in <i>L. sagami</i> <b>sp. nov.</b>, 4.7–7.8 in <i>L. satsuma</i>, 2.7–4.6 in <i>L. juni</i> (Steel-Dwass test, n=17, 6, 8, respectively, P<0.05).</p> <p> <i>Lamellibrachia sagami</i> <b>sp. nov.</b>, has been thus demonstrated to be new to science.</p>Published as part of <i>Kobayashi, Genki, Miura, Tomoyuki & Kojima, Shigeaki, 2015, Lamellibrachia sagami sp. nov., a new vestimentiferan tubeworm (Annelida: Siboglinidae) from Sagami Bay and several sites in the northwestern Pacific Ocean, pp. 97-108 in Zootaxa 4018 (1)</i> on pages 99-106, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4018.1.5, <a href="http://zenodo.org/record/237567">http://zenodo.org/record/237567</a&gt