Prevalence, incidence, and clearance of human papillomavirus types covered by current vaccines in men with human immunodeficiency virus in the SUN Study

BACKGROUND: High-risk anal human papillomavirus (HPV) infection is prevalent among men living with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV); the association between 9-valent (9v) high-risk HPV (HR-HPV) vaccine types and abnormal cytology has not been well characterized. METHODS: We followed a prospective cohort study of persons with HIV at 7 HIV clinics in 4 US cities from March 2004 through June 2012. Annually, providers collected separate anal swabs for HPV detection and cytopathologic examination. Among men, we examined prevalence, incidence, and clearance of 9v HR-HPV vaccine types, compared with other HR types, and associations with abnormal cytology to assess potential vaccine impact. RESULTS: Baseline prevalence of any anal 9v HR-HPV type among men who have sex with men (MSM) and men who have sex with women (MSW) was 74% and 25% (P \u3c .001), respectively. Among 299 MSM, abnormal cytology was detected in 161 (54%) MSM and was associated with the presence of any 9v HR-HPV (relative risk [RR], 1.8 [95% confidence interval {CI}, 1.3-2.6]; P \u3c .001). Among 61 MSW, abnormal anal cytology was detected in 12 (20%) and was associated with the presence of any 9v HR-HPV (RR, 4.3 [95% CI, 1.6-11.5]; P \u3c .001). CONCLUSIONS: Among men with HIV, the prevalence of the 7 HR-HPV types in the 9v vaccine was high and was associated with abnormal cytology. These findings indicate that men with HIV could benefit from prophylactic administration of the 9v HPV vaccine

Prevalence, incidence, and clearance of anal high-risk human papillomavirus infection among HIV-infected men in the SUN study

BACKGROUND: The natural history of anal human papilloma virus (HPV) infection among human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-infected men is unknown. METHODS: Annually, from 2004 to 2012, we examined baseline prevalence, incidence, and clearance of anal HPV infection at 48 months, and associated factors among HIV-infected men. RESULTS: We examined 403 men who have sex with men (MSM) and 96 men who have sex with women (MSW) (median age 42 years for both, 78% versus 81% prescribed cART, median CD4+ T-lymphocyte cell count 454 versus 379 cells/mm3, and 74% versus 75% had undetectable viral load, respectively). Type 16 prevalence among MSM and MSW was 38% versus 14% (P \u3c .001), and incidence 24% versus 7% (P = .001). Type 18 prevalence was 24% versus 8% (P \u3c .001), and incidence 13% versus 4% (P = .027). Among MSM and MSW, clearance of prevalent HPV 16 and HPV 18 was 31% and 60% (P = .392), and 47% and 25% (P = .297), respectively. Among MSM, receptive anal sex (with or without a condom) was associated with persistent HPV 16 (OR 2.24, P \u3c .001). CONCLUSIONS: MSM had higher prevalence and incidence of HPV than MSW, but similar clearance. Receptive anal sex may predict cancer risk among HIV-infected MSM

Immunogenicity and Safety of the Quadrivalent Human Papillomavirus Vaccine in HIV-1-Infected Women

Background. Women infected with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) are disproportionately affected by human papillomavirus (HPV)–related anogenital disease, particularly with increased immunosuppression. AIDS Clinical Trials Group protocol A5240 was a trial of 319 HIV-infected women in the United States, Brazil, and South Africa to determine immunogenicity and safety of the quadrivalent HPV vaccine in 3 strata based on screening CD4 count: >350 (stratum A), 201–350 (stratum B), and ≤200 cells/µL (stratum C)

A serological assay to detect SARS-CoV-2 seroconversion in humans

Development of an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay to detect antibodies to the SARS-CoV-2 spike protein in human sera and plasma. Here, we describe a serological enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay for the screening and identification of human SARS-CoV-2 seroconverters. This assay does not require the handling of infectious virus, can be adjusted to detect different antibody types in serum and plasma and is amenable to scaling. Serological assays are of critical importance to help define previous exposure to SARS-CoV-2 in populations, identify highly reactive human donors for convalescent plasma therapy and investigate correlates of protection.Peer reviewe

Third degree atrioventricular block

Neðst á síðunni er hægt að nálgast greinina í heild sinni með því að smella á hlekkinn View/OpenObjective: Third degree atrioventricular block is considered present when none of the atrial impulses are conducted to the ventricles because of a disruption in the conducting system. Third degree atrioventricular block is usually considered a serious sign but most studies have been performed on hospitalized patients or certain professional groups. The objective of this study was to find the prevalence of third degree atrioventricular block in a representative population sample and estimate its prognostic significance. Material and methods: In the Reykjavik Study, a prospective cardiovascular population study, 9139 men and 9773 women aged 33-79 years were exam¬ined in 1967-1991. A standard electrocardiogram was taken from all persons examined and coded according to the Minnesota code. Results: Third degree atrioventricular block was found in 11 persons, seven males and four females, an overall prevalence of 0.04%. All these individuals had signs of arrythmia on electrocardiograms taken later, and in addition some other heart disease. The heart block was temporary in seven individuals (64%) but six (55%) needed a pacemaker. Conclusions: The prevalence of third degree atrioventricular block in this general population was low but nevertheless considerably higher than previously reported. The block was temporary in the majority of subjects. All had some underlying heart disease which seemed to affect the prognosis more than the heart block. In this survey fewer subjects than expected were found to need a pacemaker.Tilgangur: Þriðja stigs leiðslurof er fyrir hendi þegar engin rafleiðni verður milli gátta og slegla vegna skemmda í leiðslukerfinu. Þriðju gráðu leiðslurof er oftast talið alvarlegt sjúkdómseinkenni en flestar athuganir á tíðni þessa fyrirbæris hafa beinst að sjúklingum á sjúkrahúsum eða ákveðnum starfshópum. Markmið þessarar rannsóknar var að kanna algengi þriðju gráðu leiðslurofs í almennu þýði og meta heilsufarslega þýðingu þess. Efniviður: Í hóprannsókn Hjartaverndar, sem er framskyggn hjarta- og æðarannsókn, mættu til rannsóknar á árunum 1967-1991 9139 karlar og 9773 konur á aldrinum 33-79 ára. Staðlað hjartalínurit var tekið af öllum og túlkað eftir Minnesota-lykli. Niðurstöður: Þriðju gráðu leiðslurof fannst í 11 einstaklingum, sjö körlum og fjórum konum, heildaralgengið var þannig 0,04%. Allir þessir einstaklingar höfðu merki takttruflana á ritum sem tekin voru síðar, auk þess að hafa aðra hjartasjúkdóma. Leiðslurofið reyndist tímabundið hjá sjö einstaklingum (64%) en sex einstaklingar (55%) þurftu gangráð. Ályktanir: Tíðni þriðju gráðu leiðslurofs í þessu almenna þýði reyndist lág en þó meiri en í rannsóknum sem birtar hafa verið. Fáir reyndust vera með langvinnt leiðslurof. Allir höfðu einhverja aðra hjartasjúkdóma og virtust horfur fremur ráðast af þeim en leiðslurofinu sjálfu. Færri einstaklingar en vænta mátti reyndust hafa gangráð