Non-equilibrium Critical Dynamics and Precursory Phenomena in Color Superconductivity

We derive an effective equation to describe the non-equilibrium dynamics of the pair field of color superconductivity near the critical temperature. We also discuss how critical dynamics affects the specific heat and density of state above the critical temperature.Comment: 2 pages, 2 figures, PTPTeX. Proceedings of "Nuclear Matter under Extreme Conditions" at YITP, Kyoto, Japan, Dec. 1-3, 200

Pseudogap of Color Superconductivity

We show that the pseudogap of the quark density of states is formed in hot quark matter as a precursory phenomenon of the color superconductivity on the basis of a low-energy effective theory. We clarify that the soft mode of the di-quark pair field gives rise to a peculiar behavior of the quark dispersion relation and a short life-time of the quasiparticles near the Fermi surface, both of which make a depression of the density of states of quarks. Our result suggests that the appearance of the pseudogap is a universal phenomenon of strong coupling superconductors, irrespective of the dimensionality.Comment: 4 pages, 4 figures, PTPTeX; Proceedings of Finite Density QCD at Nara July 10-12 2003 Nara Prefecture Public Hall Big Roof Nara Japan; v2:errors in affiliation are correcte

Pre-critical Phenomena of Two-flavor Color Superconductivity in Heated Quark Matter -- diquark-pair fluctuations and non-Fermi liquid behavior --

We investigate the fluctuations of the diquark-pair field and their effects on observables above the critical temperature $T_c$ in two-flavor color superconductivity (CSC) at moderate density using a Nambu-Jona-Lasinio-type effective model of QCD. Because of the strong-coupling nature of the dynamics, the fluctuations of the pair field develop a collective mode, which has a prominent strength even well above T_c. We show that the collective mode is actually the soft mode of CSC. We examine the effects of the pair fluctuations on the specific heat and the quark spectrum for T above but close to T_c. We find that the specific heat exhibits singular behavior because of the pair fluctuations, in accordance with the general theory of second-order phase transitions. The quarks display a typical non-Fermi liquid behavior, owing to the coupling with the soft mode, leading to a pseudo-gap in the density of states of the quarks in the vicinity of the critical point. Some experimental implications of the precursory phenomena are also discussed.Comment: 39 pages, 26 eps figures. The published version to appear in Prog. Theor. Phys. 114 (2005), 117-155. The references are up-date

Induction of Specific CD8+ T Cells against Intracellular Bacteria by CD8+ T-Cell-Oriented Immunization Approaches

For protection against intracellular bacteria such as Mycobacterium tuberculosis and Listeria monocytogenes, the cellular arm of adaptive immunity is necessary. A variety of immunization methods have been evaluated and are reported to induce specific CD8+ T cells against intracellular bacterial infection. Modified BCG vaccines have been examined to enhance CD8+ T-cell responses. Naked DNA vaccination is a promising strategy to induce CD8+ T cells. In addition to this strategy, live attenuated intracellular bacteria such as Shigella, Salmonella, and Listeria have been utilized as carriers of DNA vaccines in animal models. Vaccination with dendritic cells pulsed with antigenic peptides or the cells introduced antigen genes by virus vectors such as retroviruses is also a powerful strategy. Furthermore, vaccination with recombinant lentivirus has been attempted to induce specific CD8+ T cells. Combinations of these strategies (prime-boost immunization) have been studied for the efficient induction of intracellular bacteria-specific CD8+ T cells

ND:YVO4ナノ秒レーザーを使用したジルコニアコーピングの新しい加工法

The purpose of this work was to fabricate zirconia copings from fully sintered Y-TZP blocks using a Nd:YVO4 nanosecond laser in order to avoid complicated procedures using conventional CAD/CAM systems. To determine the most appropriate power level of a Nd:YVO4 laser, cuboid fully sintered Y-TZP specimens were irradiated at six different average power levels. One-way ANOVAs for the average surface roughness and laser machining depth revealed that an average power level of 7.5 W generated a smooth machined surface with high machining efficiency. Y-TZP copings were then machined using the proposed method with the most appropriate power level. As the number of machining iterations increased, the convergence angles decreased significantly (p<0.01). The accuracy of the machined copings was judged to be good based on 3D measurements and traditional metal die methods. The proposed method using the nanosecond laser was demonstrated to be useful for fabricating copings from fully sintered Y-TZP.日本歯科大学201