Geochemistry of Rare Earth Elements (REE) in the Weathered Crusts from the Granitic Rocks in Sulawesi Island, Indonesia

We report for the first time the geochemistry of rare earth elements (REE) in the weathered crusts of I-type and calc-alkaline to high-K (shoshonitic) granitic rocks at Mamasa and Palu region, Sulawesi Island, Indonesia. The weathered crusts can be divided into horizon A (lateritic profile) and B (weathered horizon). Quartz, albite, kaolinite, halloysite and montmorrilonite prevail in the weathered crust. Both weathered profiles show that the total REE increased from the parent rocks to the horizon B but significantly decrease toward the upper part (horizon A). LREE are enriched toward the upper part of the profile as shown by La/YbN value. However, HREE concentrations are high in horizon B1 in Palu profile. The total REE content of the weathered crust are relatively elevated compared to the parent rocks, particularly in the lower part of horizon B in Mamasa profile and in horizon B2 in Palu profile. This suggests that REE-bearing accessory minerals may be resistant against weathering and may remain as residual phase in the weathered crusts. The normalized isocon diagram shows that the mass balance of major and REE components between each horizon in Mamasa and Palu weathering profile are different. The positive Ce anomaly in the horizon A of Mamasa profile indicated that Ce is rapidly precipitated during weathering and retain at the upper soil horizon

Petrology and Geochemistry of Granitoid from South Sulawesi, Indonesia: Implication for Rare Earth Element (REE) Occurrences

This study reports petrology and geochemistry of potential rare earth elements (REE) bearing granitoid from South Sulawesi. The granitoid consists of monzogranite, granodiorite and diorite with subordinate of quartz monzonite, monzodiorite and syenite. Major and trace element analysis were determined using XRF method while trace element and rare earth element composition were determined by ICP-MS method. Geochemical study suggested that the granitoid were metaluminous series and ???I-type??? granitoid. They were furthered classified as calc alkaline series in AFM diagram. The total REE concentration in the granitoids range from 279 ppm to 400 ppm whereas total REE + Y contents up to 305 ppm for Polewali and 428 ppm for Masamba granitoid.\ud Chondrite normalized REE patterns were characterized by enrichment of LREE with the depletion of heavy HREE. REE-bearing mineral were detected as zircon, apatite and monazite as shown by the positive correlation between Zr and P2O5 contents in bulk rock with REE content

THE USE OF FORAMINIFERA FOSSILS FOR RECONSTRUCTING THE YOGYAKARTA GRABEN, YOGYAKARTA, INDONESIA

The Yogyakarta region is located in the southeastern part of Central Java, Indonesia. The region forms an elongated northeast – southwest-trending central depression bordered by two parallel faults in the west and east. These major faults divided the area into three parts, including the western, central and eastern parts. Herein, we investigate the relative uplift rate of the each part by using planktonic and benthonic foraminiferas. The foraminifera will show the initial position/datum of each part before uplift. Over sixty samples (primarily limestones and marls) were taken for this research. The uplift rates of each part were different and created a depressed block control by way of parallel faults. Based on foraminifera fossil observations, each block was in the same depositional environment (inner neritic) during N9. The present positions indicate that the western part was uplifted higher than the others, with this part being uplifted more than 590 meters. The central part was uplifted less than 120 meters, and the eastern part was uplifted above an altitude of 170-300 meters. Keywords: Foraminifera fossil, planktonic, benthonic, graben, uplif

Cardio-Ankle Vascular Index Reflects Impaired Exercise Capacity and Predicts Adverse Prognosis in Patients with Heart Failure

博士（医学）福島県立医科大

Experimental and numerical analysis of developer flow in a developing machine

Behaviors of developers flowing in a simplified developing machine was analyzed by evaluating torques of mixers in both experiments and numerical simulations in this research. In spherical and non-cohesive particles, the simulation result is in good agreement in the experimental result by adjusting the coefficient of friction. In nonspherical or cohesive particles, the simulation result can coincide with the experimental result by adjusting the coefficient of friction and Hamaker constant

Geochemistry of eclogite- and blueschist-facies rocks from the Bantimala Complex, South Sulawesi, Indonesia: Protolith origin and tectonic setting

We present the first data on bulk-rock major and trace element compositions for\ud a suite of eclogite- and blueschist-facies rocks from the Bantimala Complex, Indonesia,\ud with the aim of better constraining the protolith origins and nature of the subducted crust.\ud The eclogites can be classified into two groups: glaucophane-rich eclogite and glaucophanefree\ud eclogite, whereas the blueschists are divided into albite???epidote glaucophanite and\ud quartz???glaucophane schists. SiO2 contents of the eclogites are 43.3???49.6 wt%, with\ud Na2O + K2O contents 3.7???4.7 wt%. The blueschists show a wider range of compositions,\ud with SiO2 = 40.7???63.8 wt% and Na2O + K2O = 2.7???4.5 wt%. Trace element data suggest that\ud the eclogite protoliths include both enriched and normal mid-oceanic ridge basalt\ud (E-MORB and N-MORB) and also gabbroic cumulates. The blueschists show more variation\ud in protoliths, which include N-MORB, Oceanic Island Basalt (OIB) and Island Arc\ud Basalt (IAB). Plots of element concentrations against the immobile Zr show considerable\ud mobility of large ion lithophiles but not of high field-strength elements during highpressure\ud metamorphism, and indicate that the high SiO2 content of some blueschists is\ud probably due to metasomatism by a LILE-rich siliceous aqueous fluid. Strong correlations\ud between K, Rb, Ba and Cs suggests that enrichment of these elements occurred by a single\ud process. All the protoliths were subducted, metamorphosed to blueschist/eclogite-facies\ud and subsequently exhumed. It is noteworthy that the samples deduced to have come from\ud thicker-crust environments (OIB, IAB) were subducted to shallower depths (blueschistfacies)\ud than MORB-derived samples, all except one of which reached eclogite-facies conditions.\ud The geochemical data of this study demonstrate the variety of ocean floor types\ud that were subducted under the southeast margin of Sundaland in the late Jurassic period

Ore Forming Fluid of Epithermal Quartz Veins at Cisuru Prospect, Papandayan District, West Java, Indonesia

The Cisuru area is located in Talegong Sub-district, Garut Regency, West Java, Indonesia which is belongs to the central part of Southern Mountain Slope. The aim of this research is to understand the nature and characteristic of fluid inclusion from quartz veins (especially drill core samples) in the study area. Rock units in the area are characterized by Tertiary volcanic rocks and volcaniclastic sequence which is mainly composed of andesite, andesitic breccia, volcanic breccia, lapilli tuff, dacite and related to the intrusion of diorite. The Cisuru epithermal mineralization is dominantly hosted by andesite, dacite, breccia and lapilli tuff, and would probably be controlled by both permeable rocks and NS and NE-SW trending strike-slip faults. The mineralization is shown as void filling and replacement within the silica zone, veinlets along with the open space/fractures and dissemination. Fluid inclusion from quartz veins was studied to know nature, characteristics and origin of hydrothermal fluids. Microthermometric measurements of fluid inclusions were realized by using a Linkam THMSG 600 combined freezing and heating stages. Homogenization temperature and final ice melting temperature were measured for primary two-phase inclusion from quartz veins. Base on the study of the fluid inclusion, the value of homogenization temperature (Th) range from 200 ºC to 395 °C and ice melting temperature range from -0.1 to - 4.5 where salinity range from 0.2 to 7.2 wt. % NaCl equivalent. Fluid inclusion petrography and microthermometric measurement data exhibit that fluid mixing, dilution and boiling were main processes during the hydrothermal evolution.  The formation temperature of each quartz vein is 260 ºC to 290 ºC and also their formation depth is estimated between 560m to 925m respectively. Combination of fluid inclusions petrography, microthermometric measurement, and estimate paleo depth from Cisuru area were suggested under the epithermal environment

Lateritization process of peridotites in Siruka, Choiseul, Solomon Islands

The lateritic weathering crusts exposed in Siruka, Choiseul Islands, Solomon Islands, were developed on the expense of serpentinized peridotite underlain by Siruka schists and Voza lavas with a subhorizontal contact. The lateritic profiles consist of three generalized zones: bedrock, saprolitic zone (weathered and decomposed zone) and the limonitic zones. The profiles demonstrate variations in depths and continuity but illustrate mineralogy and geochemical affinity down profile and are analogous to saprolitic nickel laterite deposits. Silica and magnesia in the bed rock and the saprolitic zones have been removed and only the residual elements (iron, chromium, aluminium, manganese, cobalt and nickel) remain in the limonitic zone. These elements are relatively concentrated as a result of the removal of the soluble elements. Nickel is associated with silica and magnesia, as lizardite ormixed gels (garnierite nickel ore) at the weathering fronts. On the other hand, nickel, with generally low concentrations