Cancellation of energy-divergences and renormalizability in Coulomb gauge QCD within the Lagrangian formalism

In Coulomb gauge QCD in the Lagrangian formalism, energy divergences arise in individual diagrams. We give a proof on cancellation of these divergences to all orders of perturbation theory without obstructing the algebraic renormalizability of the theory.Comment: 13 pages, 7 figure

Phase diagram of Nambu-Jona-Lasinio model with dimensional regularization

We investigate the phase diagram on temperature-chemical potential plane in the Nambu-Jona-Lasinio model with the dimensional regularization. While the structure of the resulting diagram shows resemblance to the one in the frequently used cutoff regularization, some results of our study indicate striking difference between these regularizations. The diagram in the dimensional regularization exhibits strong tendency of the first order phase transition.Comment: 9 pages, 9 figure

Conservation Laws in Cellular Automata

If X is a discrete abelian group and B a finite set, then a cellular automaton (CA) is a continuous map F:B^X-->B^X that commutes with all X-shifts. If g is a real-valued function on B, then, for any b in B^X, we define G(b) to be the sum over all x in X of g(b_x) (if finite). We say g is `conserved' by F if G is constant under the action of F. We characterize such `conservation laws' in several ways, deriving both theoretical consequences and practical tests, and provide a method for constructing all one-dimensional CA exhibiting a given conservation law.Comment: 19 pages, LaTeX 2E with one (1) Encapsulated PostScript figure. To appear in Nonlinearity. (v2) minor changes/corrections; new references added to bibliograph

A New Galactic Extinction Map of the Cygnus Region

We have made a Galactic extinction map of the Cygnus region with 5' spatial resolution. The selected area is 80^\circ to 90^\circ in the Galactic longitude and -4^\circ to 8^\circ in the Galactic latitude. The intensity at 140 \mum is derived from the intensities at 60 and 100 \mum of the IRAS data using the tight correlation between 60, 100, and 140 \mum found in the Galactic plane. The dust temperature and optical depth are calculated with 5' resolution from the 140 and 100 \mum intensity, and Av is calculated from the optical depth. In the selected area, the mean dust temperature is 17 K, the minimum is 16 K, and the maximum is 30 K. The mean Av is 6.5 mag, the minimum is 0.5 mag, and the maximum is 11 mag. The dust temperature distribution shows significant spatial variation on smaller scales down to 5'. Because the present study can trace the 5'-scale spatial variation of the extinction, it has an advantage over the previous studies, such as the one by Schlegel, Finkbeiner, & Davis, who used the COBE/DIRBE data to derive the dust temperature distribution with a spatial resolution of 1^\circ. The difference of Av between our map and Schlegel et al.'s is \pm 3 mag. A new extinction map of the entire sky can be produced by applying the present method.Comment: 27 pages, 14 figures, accepted for publication in Ap

Effect of interleukins response to ECM-induced acquisition of drug resistance in MCF-7 cells

Aim: To examine the effect of various components of extracellular matrix (ECM) on acquisition of drug resistance to taxol and camptothecin by breast carcinoma cell line MCF-7. Methods: Cancer cells were cultured on bovine serum albumin (BSA), vitronectin (VN), fibronectin (FN), collagen type I (COL-I), or Matrigel-coated plates with or without taxol (paclitaxel) or camptothecin treatment. The effect of anticancer drugs on cell growth was accessed by XTT assay, and the alterations of cellular morphology were examined by phase contrast microscopy. Immunofluorescence study was performed using monoclonal anti-b-tubulin antibody. Results: All cell lines showed a significant decrease in cell survival when treated with anticancer drugs without components of ECM, whereas survival rates of Caco-2, MCF-7 and NCI-H292 were significantly increased when cells were cultured on COL-I- and Matrigel-coated dishes after treatment with paclitaxel or camptothecin. MCF-7 cells showed and maintained a colony formation when cultured on the COL-I- and Matrigel-coated dish. Moreover, cytotoxicity (IC50) was decreased by taxol (paclitaxel) or camptothecin treatment during colony formation in MCF-7 cells, suggesting that morphological changes could increase survival of cells treated with anticancer drugs. Thick circumferential bundles of microtubules around the periphery of the cells and chromatin condensation was not observed for MCF-7 cells on COL-I- and Matrigel-coated dishes treated with paclitaxel. To confirm this, spheroid cells were prepared, and we found that cytotoxicity was decreased for these cells, and significantly increased when cells were co-cultured on Matrigel- or COL-I-coated upper wells. The effect of anticancer drugs on cell survival was efficiently inhibited by interleukin-6 (IL-6) and interleukin-8 (IL-8). Conclusions: Present results suggested that not only integrin-ECM interactions but also other factors such as IL-6 and IL-8 secreted by cancer cells, cultured on COL-I and Matrigel dishes, are involved in the acquisition of drug resistance by MCF-7.Цель: изучить влияние различных компонентов внеклеточного матрикса (ECM) на приобретение химиорезистентности к таксолу и камптотецину клетками линии карциномы молочной железы MCF-7. Методы: клетки культивировали на платах, покрытых бычьим сывороточным альбумином (BSA), витронектином (VN), фибронектином (FN), коллагеном I типа (COL-I) или матригелем, без и с добавлением таксола (паклитаксел) или камптотецина. Влияние противоопухолевых препаратов на рост клеток изучали с помощью XTT-теста, изменения клеточной морфологии отмечали в фазовом контрастном микроскопе. Иммунофлуоресцентным методом определяли экспрессию β-тубулина. Результаты: для всех клеточных линий показано существенное снижение выживаемости после культивирования с противоопухолевыми препаратами без компонентов ECM, в то время как уровень выживаемости клеток Caco-2, MCF-7 и NCI-H292 значительно возрос при культивировании с таксолом или камптотецином в чашках, покрытых COL-I и матригелем. Для клеток MCF-7 показано формирование и сохранение колоний при культивировании в чашках с COL-I и матригелем. Более того, цитотоксичность (IC50) таксола и во время колониеобразования клеток MCF-7 была снижена, что позволяет предположить, что морфологические изменения могут влиять на выживаемость клеток при культивировании с химиопрепаратом. Для клеток MCF-7, выращиваемых на чашках с COL-I и матригелем, не отмечали образования плотных периферических узлов микротрубочек и конденсации хроматина. Для подтверждения данного наблюдения проведены опыты с клетками, растущими в виде сфероидов. Показано, что цитотоксичность химиопрепаратов по отношению к этим клеткам снижалась и значительно повышалась при ко-культивировании с матригелем или COL-I в верхних камерах. Снижение выживаемости клеток под действием химиопрепаратов эффективно ингибировалось интерлейкином-6 (IL-6) и интерлейкином-8 (IL-8). Выводы: настоящие исследования показали, что не только интегрин-ECM-взаимодействия, но также и другие факторы, такие как IL-6 и IL-8, секретируемые опухолевыми клетками на чашках с COL-I и матригелем, участвуют в приобретении химиорезистентности опухолевыми клетками MCF-7

Distribusi Vertikal Dan Horizontal Asplenium Nidus L. Di Taman Nasional Gunung Halimun, Jawa Barat [Vertical and Horizontal Distributions of Asplenium Nidus L. in Gunung Halimun National Park, West Java]

The study was carried out on August 2000 to July 2001, in 1-ha permanent plot, near Cikaniki Research Station, in Halimun Mountain National Park, West Java.The results shows that, from 1 ha (100 sub plots, each 10x10 m size) studied there were 388 individual numbers of Asplenium nidus L. with some variation on rosette leaves size. The individual numbers of A. nidus were greater at host plant stem with diameter class distribution between 1.3-9.9 cm (45,6%), and than percentages value were decreased in the larger of host plant stem diameter class. Also the individual numbers of A. nidus were greater at under 5 m height position above ground, that is 252 (65,1%).There were no correlation between host plant height (tree trunk height) and A. nidus height position above ground.However there were little linear correlation between rosette leaves size with stem diameter of host plant(Y=1.5586x+317.37 and R =0.0211), and little linear correlation between rosette leaves size with host plant height(Y=2.8241x+304.63, and R =0.0226), but there were no significant increased for both. It was assumed the effects of microclimate(temperature, humidity, light, and rainfall) to distribution of A. nidus as well as horizontal or vertical distribution