Human Resource Management: Konzepte, Praxis und Folgen für die Mitbestimmung

Die aus der angloamerikanischen Arbeitskultur stammenden Personalmanagementkonzepte des Human Resource Management (HRM) gewinnen auch in Deutschland an Einfluss. Die Autorinnen der Studie stellen Ursprünge und aktuelle Ausprägungen der Konzepte vor und gehen zwei strategischen Fokussierungen nach: HRM im Sinne einer Abstimmung von betrieblicher Personalarbeit und Unternehmensstrategie und HRM als Verhaltens- und Führungskonzept.In welchen Ausprägungen Konzepte des HRM bisher in deutschen Unternehmen realisiert werden, überprüft die Studie auf Basis von aktuellen empirischen Befunden zum Personalmanagement. Dabei zeigen sich erhebliche Diskrepanzen und Widersprüche zwischen den Konzepten einerseits und dem aktuellen Entwicklungsstand sowie den prognostizierten Entwicklungsperspektiven von Personalarbeit andererseits. Ergebnis: In der Praxis bedeutet HRM keinen Paradigmenwechsel zu einem konsequent mitarbeiterorientierten Personalmanagement.Abschließend untersuchen die Autorinnen die Folgen von HRM für die deutschen Arbeitsbeziehungen und insbesondere die Mitbestimmung. Sie diskutieren die Bedingungen, unter denen solche Konzepte und die deutsche Mitbestimmungskultur zusammenpassen könnten. Dabei werden Chancen, Risiken und neue Anforderungen an die Handlungsstrategien und die Arbeitsweisen der betrieblichen Interessenvertretungen sichtbar. Die Studie arbeitet neue Gestaltungs- und Schutzaufgaben für Betriebsräte heraus, aber auch alte Aufgaben mit neuer Aktualität

Reconstructing the nucleon-nucleon potential by a new coupled-channel inversion method

A second-order supersymmetric transformation is presented, for the two-channel Schr\"odinger equation with equal thresholds. It adds a Breit-Wigner term to the mixing parameter, without modifying the eigenphase shifts, and modifies the potential matrix analytically. The iteration of a few such transformations allows a precise fit of realistic mixing parameters in terms of a Pade expansion of both the scattering matrix and the effective-range function. The method is applied to build an exactly-solvable potential for the neutron-proton $^3S_1$-$^3D_1$ case.Comment: 4 pages, 4 figure

Berufliche Kompetenzen und Qualifikationen: Ein Thema für Euro-Betriebsräte = Vocational skills and qualifications: an issue for European Works Councils

Europäische Betriebsräte können die berufliche Bildung in den Betrieben zu einem Thema ihrer Beratungen machen, so lautet die Feststellung des Europäische Gewerkschaftsinstituts.. Auch verschiedene Mitgliedsorganisationen des Europäischen Gewerkschaftsbundes greifen dieses Thema in ihrer Bildungsarbeit für die Mitglieder von Euro-Betriebsräten auf. Die Hans-Böckler-Stiftung hat diese Veröffentlichung 1998 für ein Seminar für Mitglieder von Euro-Betriebsräten des Metallsektors aus Belgien, Deutschland, Luxemburg und den Niederlanden erstellt. Sie sind ein Beispiel dafür, wie man das Thema in einem Seminar für Euro-Betriebsräte eines Unternehmens oder verschiedener Unternehmen aufgreifen und behandeln kann

Evaluating SOAP for High Performance Business Applications: Real-Time Trading Systems

Web services, with an emphasis on open standards and flexibility, may provide benefits over existing capital markets integration practices. However, web services must first meet certain technical requirements including performance, security and fault--tolerance. This paper presents an experimental evaluation of SOAP performance using realistic business application message content. To get some indication of whether SOAP is appropriate for high performance capital markets systems, the results are compared with a widely used existing protocol. The study finds that, although SOAP performs relatively poorly, the difference is less than in scientific computing environments. Furthermore, we find that in realistic business applications it is possible for text--based wire formats to have comparable performance to binary, and that the text--based nature of XML is not sufficient to explain SOAP's inefficiency. This suggests that further work may enable SOAP to become a viable wire format for high performance business applications

in situ tracking of redox transitions and mode of catalysis

Water oxidation by amorphous oxides is of high interest in artificial photosynthesis and other routes towards non-fossil fuels, but the mode of catalysis in these materials is insufficiently understood. We tracked mechanistically relevant oxidation-state and structural changes of an amorphous Co-based catalyst film by in situ experiments combining directly synchrotron-based X-ray absorption spectroscopy (XAS) with electrocatalysis. Unlike a classical solid-state material, the bulk material is found to undergo chemical changes. Two redox transitions at midpoint potentials of about 1.0 V (CoII0.4CoIII0.6 ↔ all-CoIII) and 1.2 V (all-CoIII ↔ CoIII0.8CoIV0.2) vs. NHE at pH 7 are coupled to structural changes. These redox transitions can be induced by variation of either electric potential or pH; they are broader than predicted by a simple Nernstian model, suggesting interacting bridged cobalt ions. Tracking reaction kinetics by UV-Vis-absorption and time-resolved mass spectroscopy reveals that accumulated oxidizing equivalents facilitate dioxygen formation. On these grounds, a new framework model of catalysis in an amorphous, hydrated and volume-active oxide is proposed: Within the oxide film, cobalt ions at the margins of Co-oxo fragments undergo CoII ↔ CoIII ↔ CoIV oxidation-state changes coupled to structural modification and deprotonation of Co-oxo bridges. By the encounter of two (or more) CoIV ions, an active site is formed at which the O–O bond-formation step can take place. The Tafel slope is determined by both the interaction between cobalt ions (width of the redox transition) and their encounter probability. Our results represent a first step toward the development of new concepts that address the solid-molecular Janus nature of the amorphous oxide. Insights and concepts described herein for the Co-based catalyst film may be of general relevance also for other amorphous oxides with water-oxidation activity

Electrosynthesis, functional, and structural characterization of a water-oxidizing manganese oxide

Dieser Beitrag ist mit Zustimmung des Rechteinhabers aufgrund einer (DFG geförderten) Allianz- bzw. Nationallizenz frei zugänglich.This publication is with permission of the rights owner freely accessible due to an Alliance licence and a national licence (funded by the DFG, German Research Foundation) respectively.In the sustainable production of non-fossil fuels, water oxidation is pivotal. Development of efficient catalysts based on manganese is desirable because this element is earth-abundant, inexpensive, and largely non-toxic. We report an electrodeposited Mn oxide (MnCat) that catalyzes electrochemical water oxidation at neutral pH at rates that approach the level needed for direct coupling to photoactive materials. By choice of the voltage protocol we could switch between electrodeposition of inactive Mn oxides (deposition at constant anodic potentials) and synthesis of the active MnCat (deposition by voltage-cycling protocols). Electron microscopy reveals that the MnCat consists of nanoparticles (100 nm) with complex fine-structure. X-ray spectroscopy reveals that the amorphous MnCat resembles the biological paragon, the water-splitting Mn4Ca complex of photosynthesis, with respect to mean Mn oxidation state (ca. +3.8 in the MnCat) and central structural motifs. Yet the MnCat functions without calcium or other bivalent ions. Comparing the MnCat with electrodeposited Mn oxides inactive in water oxidation, we identify characteristics that likely are crucial for catalytic activity. In both inactive Mn oxides and active ones (MnCat), extensive di-μ-oxo bridging between Mn ions is observed. However in the MnCat, the voltage-cycling protocol resulted in formation of MnIII sites and prevented formation of well-ordered and unreactive MnIVO2. Structure–function relations in Mn-based water-oxidation catalysts and strategies to design catalytically active Mn-based materials are discussed. Knowledge-guided performance optimization of the MnCat could pave the road for its technological use.DFG, EXC 314, Unifying Concepts in CatalysisEC/FP7/212508/EU/European Solar-Fuel Initiative - Renewable Hydrogen from Sun and Water. Science Linking Molecular Biomimetics and Genetics/SOLARH

Statistical coarse-graining as an approach to multiscale problems in magnetism

Multiscale phenomena which include several processes occuring simultaneously at different length scales and exchanging energy with each other, are widespread in magnetism. These phenomena often govern the magnetization reversal dynamics, and their correct modeling is important. In the present paper, we propose an approach to multiscale modeling of magnets, applying the ideas of coarse graining. We have analyzed the choice of the weighting function used in coarse graining, and propose an optimal form for this function. Simple tests provide evidence that this approach may be useful for modeling of realistic magnetic systems.Comment: 5 RevTeX pages, 2 figure

Eigenphase preserving two-channel SUSY transformations

We propose a new kind of supersymmetric (SUSY) transformation in the case of the two-channel scattering problem with equal thresholds, for partial waves of the same parity. This two-fold transformation is based on two imaginary factorization energies with opposite signs and with mutually conjugated factorization solutions. We call it an eigenphase preserving SUSY transformation as it relates two Hamiltonians, the scattering matrices of which have identical eigenphase shifts. In contrast to known phase-equivalent transformations, the mixing parameter is modified by the eigenphase preserving transformation.Comment: 16 pages, 1 figur

Supersymmetric transformations for coupled channels with threshold differences

The asymptotic behaviour of the superpotential of general SUSY transformations for a coupled-channel Hamiltonian with different thresholds is analyzed. It is shown that asymptotically the superpotential can tend to a diagonal matrix with an arbitrary number of positive and negative entries depending on the choice of the factorization solution. The transformation of the Jost matrix is generalized to "non-conservative" SUSY transformations introduced in Sparenberg et al (2006 J. Phys. A: Math. Gen. 39 L639). Applied to the zero initial potential the method permits to construct superpartners with a nontrivially coupled Jost-matrix. Illustrations are given for two- and three-channel cases.Comment: 17 pages, 3 explicit examples and figures adde