A disk-type dose imaging detector based on blue and orange RPL in Ag-activated phosphate glass for 2D and 3D dose imaging applications

A disk-type two- and three-dimensional (2D, 3D) X-ray dose imaging detector was developed based on the radiation-induced silver (Ag)-related species in Ag-activated phosphate glass. This luminescent detector is based on the blue and orange radiophotoluminescence (RPL) phenomena. A comparative study of the steady- and transient-state optical properties of blue and orange RPL, such as the time-resolved luminescence spectra and the RPL decay curves, was performed. In addition, the combination of a confocal optical detection system with a transparent glass detector enables 3D reconstruction through the stacking of dose images collected at different depths within the material. The capabilities of this detector for 2D and 3D dose imaging applications are discussed. © 2015 Published by Elsevier Ltd.Embargo Period 24 month

Extremely high dose neutron dosimetry using CR-39 and atomic force microscopy

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Discrimination of heavy ions using copolymers of CR-39 and DAP

Mixtures of allyl diglycol carbonate (CR-39) and diallyl phthalate (DAP) were cast into resin plates under same polymerizing conditions. The copolymer plates were irradiated with many kinds of ions at the medium energy beam irradiation room or biological irradiation room of National Institute of Radiological Sciences (NIRS)-Heavy Ion Medical Accelerator in Chiba (HIMAC). After etching in an aqueous solution of KOH, whether enlarged ion tracks exist or not was determined by using an optical microscope. It was found that every plate has a characteristic value in LET as threshold for track formation. The threshold increases with the concentration of DAP. It has been shown that the threshold is adjustable by changing the ratio of CR-39 and DAP. It is expected that the copolymers can be used for the discrimination of heavy ions in cosmic rays

Nuclear track detector with controllable sensitivity using DAP, CR-39 and its copolymers

Diallyl phthalate (DAP, C14H14O4), allyl diglycol carbonate (CR-39, C12H18O7) and mixtures of DAP and CR-39 were cast into resin plates under same polymerizing conditions. The plates were irradiated with several kinds of ion accelerator. After irradiation, the plates were etched with an aqueous solution of KOH. After etching, enlarged ion tracks (etch-pits) on the plates were observed using an optical microscope. The etch-pits daimeter increases linearly with the etching time. At any given etching time, as the concentration of DAP increases the etch-pits become smaller for any given kind of ions. The is a possibility of dscriminating positively between the kinds of the ions.第２１回　固体検出器国際会

Characteristics of fluorescent nuclear track detection with Ag+-activated phosphate glass

Silver-activated phosphate glass (Ag+-glass), which is commonly employed as a radiophotoluminscence (RPL) dosimeter, was applied as a fluorescent nuclear track detector (FNTD). The heavy ions from C to Fe ions were detected as fluorescent nuclear tracks under a confocal microscope. The detection linear energy transfer (LET) threshold was estimated to be 5 keV/μm in water. The fading effect was observed in which the fluorescent intensity decreases with repeated laser scans. The Ag+-glass has good potential applicability as the FNTD for the high LET range (5– 200 keV/μm) in radioimmunotherapy and space radiation dosimetry uses

Study of an improved Allyl Di-Glycol carbonate sheet for high energy proton detection

An allyl di-glycol carbonate (ADC) sheet which has been utilised as a neutron detector for personal dosimetry has recently been studied for its application as a device for radiation exposure control for astronauts in space, where protons are thedominant radiation. It is known that the fabrication process, modified by adding some kind of antioxidant to improve the sensitivity of ADC to high energy protons, causes a substantial increase in false tracks, which disturb the automatic countingof proton tracks using the auto-image analyser. This made clear the difficulty of fabricating ADC sheets which have sufficient sensitivity to high energy protons, while maintaining a good surface. In this study, we have tried to modify the fabrication process to improve the sensitivity to high energy protons without causing a deterioration of the surface condition of ADC sheets. We have successfully created fairly good products

The impact of blood type O on mortality of severe trauma patients: a retrospective observational study

Abstract Background Recent studies have implicated the differences in the ABO blood system as a potential risk for various diseases, including hemostatic disorders and hemorrhage. In this study, we evaluated the impact of the difference in the ABO blood type on mortality in patients with severe trauma. Methods A retrospective observational study was conducted in two tertiary emergency critical care medical centers in Japan. Patients with trauma with an Injury Severity Score (ISS) > 15 were included. The association between the different blood types (type O versus other blood types) and the outcomes of all-cause mortality, cause-specific mortalities (exsanguination, traumatic brain injury, and others), ventilator-free days (VFD), and total transfusion volume were evaluated using univariate and multivariate competing-risk regression models. Moreover, the impact of blood type O on the outcomes was assessed using regression coefficients in the multivariate analysis adjusted for age, ISS, and the Revised Trauma Score (RTS). Results A total of 901 patients were included in this study. The study population was divided based on the ABO blood type: type O, 284 (32%); type A, 285 (32%); type B, 209 (23%); and type AB, 123 (13%). Blood type O was associated with high mortality (28% in patients with blood type O versus 11% in patients with other blood types; p <  0.001). Moreover, this association was observed in a multivariate model (adjusted odds ratio = 2.86, 95% confidence interval 1.84–4.46; p <  0.001). The impact of blood type O on all-cause in-hospital mortality was comparable to 12 increases in the ISS, 1.5 decreases in the RTS, and 26 increases in age. Furthermore, blood type O was significantly associated with higher cause-specific mortalities and shorter VFD compared with the other blood types; however, a significant difference was not observed in the transfusion volume between the two groups. Conclusions Blood type O was significantly associated with high mortality in severe trauma patients and might have a great impact on outcomes. Further studies elucidating the mechanism underlying this association are warranted to develop the appropriate intervention