人工種苗生産されたキジハタ仔稚魚の遊泳・摂餌関連形質の発達

人工種苗生産されたキジハタ仔稚魚について、遊泳と摂餌に関する形質の発育を記載し発育段階の設定を行った。遊泳では以下の5段階に分けられた：1）遊泳未発達期（D0～1）－遊泳に関する形質は出現しない時期；2）浮遊および胸鰭発達期（D2～9）－肩帯の構成要素が出現する時期；3）尾鰭推進準備期（D10－12～15－17）－脊索末端の上屈が開始・完了する時期；4）尾鰭＋体全体推進期（D15－17～20－22）－脊椎要素が出現・完成し、臀鰭と腹鰭、尾鰭の鰭条が定数になる時期；5）遊泳機能完成期（D20－22～）－稚魚としての遊泳能力が獲得される時期。摂餌でも以下の5段階に分けられた：1）摂餌未発達期（D0～2）－未開口で内部栄養に依存する時期；2）初期吸込み期（D3～9）－口腔を形成する要素が出現し、開口したことで陰圧を利用した摂餌が可能となる時期；3）吸込み摂餌期（D10－12～20－22）－口腔を形成する要素の化骨により吸込み機能が強化され、上顎に占める前上顎骨の長さが一定になることで口の開閉能力が増す時期；4）吸込み＋噛みつき期（D20－22～35）－摂餌関連形質はすべて出現・完成し、顎歯だけでなく前鋤骨歯や口蓋骨歯も出現する時期；5）摂餌機能完成期（D35～）－稚魚としての摂餌能力が獲得される時期。本研究の結果から、本種の初期飼育の困難さの一因が、内部栄養から外部栄養に切り替わる期間の遊泳・摂餌関連形質の発育の遅さであることが判明した。さらにD30を過ぎると、群れを形成するとともに、共食いの萌芽行動である「J字」ポーズが見られた。本研究の結果は、今後の本種をふくむハタ科魚類の種苗生産の新しい管理手法の開発に資すると期待される。Based on the development of swimming- and feeding-related characters, ontogenetic intervals of larvae and juveniles were investigated for hatchery-reared red spotted grouper, Epinephelus akaara. Five phases each were recognized for the development of swimming and feeding functions as follows. Swimming: 1) the phase with less active swimming (hatching to 1 day after hatching, D1); 2) the phase with body control by pectoral fins (D2～D9); 3) the phase with preparation of caudal fin propulsion (D10-12～D15-17); 4) the phase with caudal fin and whole body propulsion (D15-17～D20-22); 5) the phase of juvenile swimming mode (beyond D20-22). Feeding: 1) the phase with endogenous nutrient (hatching to D2); 2) the phase with initial feeding of sucking (D3～D9); 3) the phase with sucking ability increasing (D10-12～D20-22); 4) the phase with sucking and initial biting (D20-22～D35); 5) the phase of juvenile feeding mode (beyond D35). The present study revealed that the difficulties of larval rearing of the species would be partly due to the delay of development of characters related to swimming- and feeding-functions during the changeover from endogenous to exogenous feeding. After D30, the juveniles with functional swimming- and feeding-mode showed both swimming in schools and posing with “J-posture”, the latter being considered to be the onset of cannibalistic behavior. The results of present study are expected to contribute to the improvement of larval rearing system in groupers.今井 智・小金隆之・山下貴示: 国立研究開発法人水産研究・教育機構瀬戸内海区水産研究所資源生産部Satoshi IMAI, Takayuki KOGANE, Takashi YAMASHITA: Stock Enhancement and Aquaculture Department, National Research Institute of Fisheries and Environment of Inland Sea, Fisheries Research and Education Agency河野 博: 東京海洋大学学術研究院海洋環境科学部門 魚類学研究室Hiroshi KOHNO: Laboratory of Ichthyology, Department of Ocean Sciences, Tokyo University of Marine Science and Technology (TUMSAT

Rhenium oxyhalides: a showcase for anisotropic-triangular-lattice quantum antiferromagnets

The spin-1/2 Heisenberg antiferromagnet on an anisotropic triangular lattice (ATL) is an archetypal spin system hosting exotic quantum magnetism and dimensional crossover. However, the progress in experimental research on this field has been limited due to the scarcity of ideal model materials. Here, we show that rhenium oxyhalides $A_{3}$ReO$_{5}X_{2}$, where spin-1/2 Re$^{6+}$ ions form a layered structure of ATLs, allow for flexible chemical substitution in both cation $A^{2+}$ ($A$ = Ca, Sr, Ba, Pb) and anion $X^{-}$ ($X$ = Cl, Br) sites, leading to seven synthesizable compounds. By combining magnetic susceptibility and high-field magnetization measurements with theoretical calculations using the orthogonalized finite-temperature Lanczos method, we find that the anisotropy $J'/J$ ranges from 0.25 to 0.45 depending on the chemical composition. Our findings demonstrate that $A_{3}$ReO$_{5}X_{2}$ is an excellent platform for realizing diverse effective spin Hamiltonians that differ in the strength of the anisotropy $J'/J$ as well as the relevance of perturbation terms such as the Dzyaloshinskii-Moriya interaction and interlayer exchange coupling.Comment: 11 pages, 5 figures, SM: 4 pages, 2 figure

Maxillary shape after primary cleft closure and before alveolar bone graft in two different management protocols: A comparative morphometric study

AIM AND SCOPE: Result assessment in cleft surgery is a technical challenge and requires the development of dedicated morphometric tools. Two cohorts of patients managed according to two different protocols were assessed at similar ages and their palatal shape was compared using geometric morphometrics. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Ten patients (protocol No. 1) benefited from early lip closure (1-3 months) and secondary combined soft and hard palate closure (6-9 months); 11 patients (protocol No. 2) benefited from later combined lip and soft palate closure (6 months) followed by hard palate closure (18 months). Cone-Beam Computed Tomography (CBCT) images were acquired at 5 years of age and palatal shapes were compared between protocols No. 1 and No. 2 using geometric morphometrics. RESULTS: Protocols No. 1 and No. 2 had a significantly different timing in their surgical steps but were assessed at a similar age (5 years). The inter-canine distance was significantly narrower in protocol No. 1. Geometric morphometrics showed that the premaxillary region was located more inferiorly in protocol No. 1. CONCLUSION: Functional approaches to cleft surgery (protocol No. 2) allow obtaining larger inter-canine distances and more anatomical premaxillary positions at 5 years of age when compared to protocols involving early lip closure (protocol No. 1). This is the first study comparing the intermediate results of two cleft management protocols using 3D CBCT data and geometric morphometrics. Similar assessments at the end of puberty are required in order to compare the long-term benefits of functional protocols

trans-Bis(1,1,1,5,5,5-hexa­fluoro­pentane-2,4-dionato-κ2 O,O′)bis­(4-methyl-1,2,3-selenadiazole-κN 3)copper(II)

In the title compound, [Cu(C5HF6O2)2(C3H4N2Se)2], the CuII atom (site symmetry ) is coordinated by two O,O′-bidentate 1,1,1,5,5,5-hexa­fluoro-2,4-penta­nedione (hp) ligands and two 4-methyl-1,2,3-selenadiazole mol­ecules, resulting in a slightly distorted trans-CuN2O4 octa­hedral geometry in which the cis angles deviate by less than 3° from 90°. The selenadiazole plane is canted at 73.13 (17)° to the square plane defined by the penta­nedionate O atoms. The F atoms of one of the hp ligands are disordered over two sets of sites in a 0.66 (3):0.34 (3) ratio. There are no significant inter­molecular inter­actions in the crystal

Global economic and technological trends and their implications for sustainable environmental development - managing economic growth in response to human needs

1st draftRelated to DAP 87-4249 under which IDRC supported the WCED to acquire and duplicate original papers, submissions, tapes and transcripts, became the depository of all original archival materials and received the right to microfiche the collection for broader disseminatio

La planificación en la actualidad

Incluye BibliografíaA base de la experiencia japonesa, se presentan algunos temas importantes de la planificación en la actualidad

Exploration of inheritance legal framework and related problematic questions in the process of conducting inheritance matters

Mantojums ir kopība, kurā ietilpst visa kustamā un nekustamā manta, kā arī citam atdodamās tiesības un saistības, kas mirušam vai par mirušu izsludinātam piederējušas viņa patiesās vai pieņemamās nāves laikā. Ar mantojuma pieņemšanu un iegūšanu visas mantojuma atstājēja tiesības un saistības, izņemot personiskās, pāriet uz mantinieku. Autore savā darbā pēta mantojuma kopības tiesiskos regulējumus mantojuma lietas vešanas laikā, aplūko jēdziena attīstību no senatnes līdz mūsdienu tiesiskajam regulējumam kopsakarā ar citu valstu mantojuma tiesībām. Darbā tiek pētīti mantojuma masas tiesiskā regulējuma problēmjautājumi, ar kuriem var nākties saskarties mantojuma lietu vešanas laikā gan nacionālā mērogā, gan arī pārrobežu mantojuma lietās. ,An estate is the whole, which compromises all immovable and movable property, as well as transferable rights and obligations, that may be transferred to others and that at the actual or legally presumed time of death, were owned by the desceased or a personal legally presumed dead. With the acceptantce and taking of an inheritance, all the rights and obligations of the estateleaver, insofar as they are not extinguished with the death of the estate-leaver, shall devolve to the heir. The author will analyze the legal framework of the inheritance mass during the process of conducting inheritance matters as well as the development of the term inheritance from ancient time up to the legal regulations of today in interconnection with inheritance rights in other countries. The work researches the problematic questions of inheritance encountered during the process of condacting inheritance matters at both the level of national state inheritance law and cross boarder inheritance matters

Planning today

Incluye BibliografíaPresenta un analisis historico de la planificacion economica nacional y analiza la metodologia utilizada en los planes economicos nacionales en los paises de economia de mercado, sus problemas y posibles soluciones, especialmente en lo que se refiere a las innovaciones tecnologicas de la planificacion nacional, y en la relacion entre el sector planificador y el sector ejecutor del gobierno central

Millenarism and Messianism in 17th Century Ottoman Empire

Šabtajs Cvi arī Amira jeb Mehmets Efendi (מחמט אפנדי, 1626-1676) bija Izmirā dzimis Osmaņu impērijas sefardu kabalists, kurš apgalvoja, ka ir mesija. 17. Gadsimtā viņš kļuva par masu kustības līderi, kurā bija iesaistītas daudzas ebreju kopienas ne tikai Osmaņu impērijā, bet arī kristīgajā Eiropā. Kustība gandrīz izbeidzās, kad Šabtajs Cvi pieņēma islāmu. Līdz ar Šabtaju Cvi islāmā pārgāja daļa viņa tuvāko līdzgaitnieku, izveidodami denmu sektu. 20. gadsimtā denmiem bija būtiska ietekme gan jaunturku, gan Ataturka kustībā. Šabtaja Cvi kustība ir aplūkota plašā Osmaņu impērijas reliģijas vēstures kontekstā.Sabbatai Zevi (מחמט אפנדי, 1626-1676) was born in Izmir, Ottoman Empire. He belonged to the Sephardim Jewish community who proclaimed himself long-awaited Jewish Messiah. Sabbatean movement he found spred throughout Western Europe as well. The movement ended after Sabbatai Zevi embraced Islam. His closest following also converted to islam and created a Dönmeh sect, which was politicaly active in the New Turk reforms in the beginning of 20th century. The life of Sabbatai Zevi is reflected as a part Ottoman religious history