Effect of fluctuations on vortex lattice structural transitions in superconductors

The rhombic-to-square transition field $H_{\Box}(T)$ for cubic and tetragonal materials in fields along [001] is evaluated using the nonlocal London theory with account of thermal vortex fluctuations. Unlike extended Ginzburg-Landau models, our approach shows that the line $H_{\Box}(T)$ and the upper critical field $H_{c2}(T)$ do not cross due to strong fluctuations near $H_{c2}(T)$ which suppress the square anisotropy induced by the nonlocality. In increasing fields, this causes re-entrance of the rhombic structure in agreement with recent neutron scattering data on borocarbides.Comment: 4 pages, 2 figure

Neutrino dispersion in external magnetic fields

We calculate the neutrino self-energy operator Sigma (p) in the presence of a magnetic field B. In particular, we consider the weak-field limit e B << m_\ell^2, where m_\ell is the charged-lepton mass corresponding to the neutrino flavor \nu_\ell, and we consider a "moderate field" m_\ell^2 << e B << m_W^2. Our results differ substantially from the previous literature. For a moderate field, we show that it is crucial to include the contributions from all Landau levels of the intermediate charged lepton, not just the ground-state. For the conditions of the early universe where the background medium consists of a charge-symmetric plasma, the pure B-field contribution to the neutrino dispersion relation is proportional to (e B)^2 and thus comparable to the contribution of the magnetized plasma.Comment: 9 pages, 1 figure, revtex. Version to appear in Phys. Rev. D (presentation improved, reference list revised, numerical error in Eq.(41) corrected, conclusions unchanged

On temperature-dependent anisotropies of upper critical field and London penetration depth

We show on a few examples of one-band materials with spheroidal Fermi surfaces and anisotropic order parameters that anisotropies $\gamma_H$ of the upper critical field and $\gamma_\lambda$ of the London penetration depth depend on temperature, the feature commonly attributed to multi-band superconductors. The parameters $\gamma_H$ and $\gamma_\lambda$ may have opposite temperature dependencies or may change in the same direction depending on Fermi surface shape and on character of the gap nodes. For two-band systems, the behavior of anisotropies is affected by the ratios of bands densities of states, Fermi velocities, anisotropies, and order parameters. We investigate in detail the conditions determining the directions of temperature dependences of the two anisotropy factors

Pair-breaking in iron-pnictides

The puzzling features of the slopes of the upper critical field at the critical temperature $T_c$, $H^\prime_{c2}(T_c)\propto T_c$, and of the specific heat jump $\Delta C\propto T_c^3$ of iron-pnictides are interpreted as caused by a strong pair-breaking

On chaotic behavior of gravitating stellar shells

Motion of two gravitating spherical stellar shells around a massive central body is considered. Each shell consists of point particles with the same specific angular momenta and energies. In the case when one can neglect the influence of gravitation of one ("light") shell onto another ("heavy") shell ("restricted problem") the structure of the phase space is described. The scaling laws for the measure of the domain of chaotic motion and for the minimal energy of the light shell sufficient for its escape to infinity are obtained.Comment: e.g.: 12 pages, 8 figures, CHAOS 2005 Marc

Is the term "type-1.5 superconductivity" warranted by Ginzburg-Landau theory?

It is shown that within the Ginzburg-Landau (GL) approximation the order parameters Delta1(r, T) and Delta2(r, T) in two-band superconductors vary on the same length scale, the difference in the zero-T coherence lengths xi0_i ~vF_i/Delta_i(0), i = 1, 2 notwithstanding. This amounts to a single physical GL parameter kappa and the classic GL dichotomy: kappa < 1/sqrt(2) for type-I and kappa > 1/sqrt(2) for type-II.Comment: 5 pages, revised and extended version; previous title "Two-band superconductors near Tc" change

Quantum amplification effect in a horizon fluctuations

The appearance of a few unevenly- spaced bright flashes of light on top of Hawking radiation is the sign of the amplification effect in black hole horizon fluctuations. Previous studies on this problem suffer from the lack of considering all emitted photons in the theoretical spectroscopy of these fluctuations. In this paper, we include all of the physical transition weights and present a consistent intensity formula. This modifies a black hole radiation pattern.Comment: 6 pages, 2 figure

Effect of graded physical load on the state of the liver from morphometric data and biochemical blood indices of rats against a background of hypokinesia

Tests were conducted on 100 sexually immature inbred August and Wistar male rats in order to determine the effects hypokinesia, physical load and phenamine on the liver. Weight and linear dimension fell in hypokinesia; total serum protein lowered and aldolase and cholesterol and beta-lipoprotein levels rose. Blood sugar content rose and liver glycogen fell. Interlinear differences of these indices are found. Rehabilitated physical loading against hypokinesia background diminished and at times completely prevented its negative effect. Extent of correction depended on animal species. Evidence of genotypical conditionality of organism adaptation to physical load in hypokinesia was found