Tests were conducted on 100 sexually immature inbred August and Wistar male rats in order to determine the effects hypokinesia, physical load and phenamine on the liver. Weight and linear dimension fell in hypokinesia; total serum protein lowered and aldolase and cholesterol and beta-lipoprotein levels rose. Blood sugar content rose and liver glycogen fell. Interlinear differences of these indices are found. Rehabilitated physical loading against hypokinesia background diminished and at times completely prevented its negative effect. Extent of correction depended on animal species. Evidence of genotypical conditionality of organism adaptation to physical load in hypokinesia was found

Kogan, B. I.

Nikityuk, B. A.

Tindare, L. V.

Yermolyev, V. A.

English

NASA Technical Reports Server

  
 
 
N O T I C E 
 
THIS DOCUMENT HAS BEEN REPRODUCED FROM 
MICROFICHE. ALTHOUGH IT IS RECOGNIZED THAT 
CERTAIN PORTIONS ARE ILLEGIBLE, IT IS BEING RELEASED 
IN THE INTEREST OF MAKING AVAILABLE AS MUCH 
INFORMATION AS POSSIBLE 
https://ntrs.nasa.gov/search.jsp?R=19800011469 2020-03-21T19:40:26+00:00Z
W4
NASA TDCFlNICAL MEMORANDUM NASA 714-75969
i`	 1
Vlb ^F'GT OF GRADED PHYSICAL TOAD ON THE STATE OF THE LIVER FROM M'JRPHOMETRIC DATA
WD W.". HEI41CAL BLOOD INDICES OF RATS AGAINST A H],CKGROUND OF HYPOKIN SIA
i^Q' 4'.: i Vt lk  R, A. , B. I. Kogan, V. A. Yerwol' yev and L. V. Tindare
V
Translation of "Vliyaniye dozirovannoy fizicheskoy nagruzki na sostoyaniye 	 a
pecheni Po dannym morfcmetrii i biochimicheskim pokazatelyam krovi
krys na fone gipokinezii," Patologicheskaya Fiziologiya i
E k5 iftentai l naya Terapiya, No. 4
July-August , 1978, pp 32-35
(NASA-TO-75969) EFFECT Of GBhDED PHYSICAL 	 N80-19750
LOAD ON THE STATE OF THE LIVED FROM
MORPHOMETRIC 'DATA AND BIOCHEMICAL BLOOD
INDICES OF .RATS AGAINST A BACKGROUND OF
	
U.nclas
HYPOKINESIA (National Aeronautics and Space G3/51 47439
P	 .p9s ^^
`ass ^` o
z,
 
^d
NATIONAL AMRONAUTICS AND SPACE ADMINISTRATION
WASHINGTON, D. C. 20546	 FEBRUARY 1980
EFFECT OF GRADE,? PHYSICAL LOAD ON THE STATE OF THE LIVER FROM MORPHOMTRIC DATA
110 BIOCHERECAL BLOOD INDICES OF RATS AGAINST A BACKGROUND OF HYPOKINESTA
Nikityuk, B. A., B. I. Kogan, V. A. Yermol'yev and L. V. Tindare*
The research of recent years has given well deserved attention to the morpho- /32**
functional condition of various organs and systems under the action of reduced mo-
bility regimes [3,5,7-9]. Of particular interest in this connection is the liver,
since its functional activity characterizes the condition of the organism. The ef-
fect of hypokinesia in depressing vital activity leaves no room for doubt, that he-
patic changes appearing in this context fit into the frame-mork of the hypokinetic
syndrome [4,6]. We showed earlier [3], that there is genetic determination for a
number of morphological and functional hepatic changes in 60-day hypokinesia. It is
not known, whether these special features are maintained under conditions of rehabi-
litation following the hypoki.netic syndrome. At the present time special attention
should be given to developing concrete methods of prophylaxis and defense of the or-
ganism against the aftereffects of hypokinesia. For their elimination there are pro-
posals for special types of physical training, for pharmacological intervention and
for special gaseous media [1,2]. We felt-X that the solution to the problem referred
to must not be limited to the discovery of auxiliary extraenvironmental experimental
activities without taking into account the endogenic, genetically determined quali-
ties of organic reactivity.
Method. The experiment was conducted on 100 sexually immature inbred male ,rats of
the August and Wistar strains obtained from the "Stolbovaya" laboratory animal nur-
sery of the Academy of Medical Sciences of the Soviet Union. Within the limits of
the strains the, animals were divided into 5 groups of 10 each. Group I served as
controls and were kept in the ordinary accommodations of the vivaritun. Group II
were subjected to conditions of 60-day hypokinesia iv small box cages we had special-
*
Laboratory of Age-dependent Anthropology (Chief: Profl. B. A. Nikityuk), Research
Institute for Infantile and Acblescent Physiology, Academy of Pedagogical Sciences,
Moscow; and Department for Developmental-Genetics Research (Chief: B. I. Kogan,
Candidate of Medical Sciences), Central Research Lab., Pirogov Med. Inst.,Vinni.tsa
N.mbers in the margin indicate pagination in the foreign text.
1
ly constructed which restricted mobility during 23 hours, the animals spe fling the
remaining hour in ordinary cages. Groups III, 1V and V were kept under conditions
of hypoki.nesia but in addition were subjected daily to rehabilitating physical load-
ing on a treadmill. Training
 of group III rats began with 3 minutes on the tread-
mill with the belt traveling 30 m/min on day 1 of restricted mobility and was car-
ried out each day. Every other day the length of the training period was increased
by 1 minute and reached 30 minutes at the end of the expeximent. The training of
group IV was done in the same way t^xcept that the period was lengthened each day so
that at the end it amounted to 60zanutes. Animals in group V were treated in the
same way as those in group IV but daily, in. addition to the physical load, they re-
ceived IP phenamine (0.2 mg/100 g body wt). The experiment lasted 2 months and co-
vered the period, of most intensive growth to the time of sexual maturity.  The ani-
mals were decapitated.
in the blood serum a determination was made of total protein using the biuret /33
reaction, of total cholesterol using the method of Il'k, of beta-lipoproteins by
the turbidimetric method; of aldolase activity using the method of V. I. Tovarni.ts-
ki and Ye. I. Voluyskaya as modified by V. A. Anan I yev and V. R. Obukhova. In the
blood a determination was made of the sugar content by the method of color reaction
with orthotoluidi.ne, in the liver glycogen content was determined by the antron me-
thod. The liver, taken from the abdominal cavity and prepared, was studied morpho-
metrically by the method of V. A. Yermol'yev (3]. The data obtained were processed
by the method of variation statistics on an "Iskra-12" electronic computer.
Results and Evaluation. An analysis of the results of morphometry (Table 1) testi-
fies to the inhibiting effect o restricted mobility on the processes of hepatic
growth in the rats of group II. In the rats of both strains we discovered a drop
in the absolute mass of the liver. Under conditions of rehabilitating physical load
(groups ITI Lind IV) and when such loading was combined with daily administration of
phenamine (group V) one notes in all cases a positive correction for the aftereffects
of restricted mobility for the liver mass. The mass's regeneration increases, as a
rule, to a degree proportional with the increase in the reliabilitation load, i. e.
from group III to group V. In this context rats of the August strain show a hepatic
mass increase that does not Change significantly from group II to group IV, whereas
in group V, where the animals were also given phenamine, there is a sharp rise in the
mass even to a point above the initial level.
I
2
a
Against a background of intealinear differences conditioned by experimental ef-
fects one notes the appearance of authentic interlinear differences. In the Wistar
rats there is a relatively uniform increase of hepatic mass from group II to group V.
However, it should be remarked that under conditions of hypokinesia the Wistac anim-
als seem to exhibit a higher threshold of resistance to the effect, of mechanical
loading. This explains the gradual growth of the hepatic mass in animals of the
groups III, IV and V, in whose case work on the treadmill for 30 and 60 minutes and
in the latter instance combined with pharmacological stimulation is far from being
a threshold load, inasmuch as the liver mass of group V animals does not reach the
level of the controls. The liver mass of group V August rats is slightly in excess
of the control level; consequently 60 minutes physical loading in combination with
phenamine appeared optimal. The mobility regimes of groups III and IV Wistar rats
were far fran threshold ones. in view of the animals' homogeneity in regard to sex,
age and imposed load within the confines of the groups set up we are justified an
explaining interlinear differences in terms of genotypical qualities of the rats of
different pure breeds. The growth-inhibiting effect of restricts mobility  is re-
vealed likewise by an analysis of its linear dimensions (see Table 1). Rehabili- /34
tating physical loads obliterate and in some cases totally exclude the negative ef-
fects of the results of hypokinesia.
TABLE 1. MORPHOMETRIC INDICES OF THE LIVER IN CONNECTION WITH EXPERT MNTAL
MTF7S AND THE STRAIN TO WHICH INBRED RATS BELONG (M±m)
no,n
C
	
rpvritia
t ;{
d :1Gccz:	 -;"u"i{,} litr}•eT 4,9 1)-( 1 ,21	 4,25-0,13" •1,31°=0,00'4 -1,34=0,13 4 5,G;-0,11"
sec. 
'
-BPCTLp 5.7 .1-0,7;'
	
5,1 ):t0,09" 5,63=0,10"°
5,•17 ='0.09*
G,2'=0 11' :
5,?n:^o 06*
6 A,	 0.2;'
5-99=0,0n` e	 ^,,nft,' .	 _:i	 \sr} cT 5,72^u,04 	 ,86=0,06*
BncTUp 6 2 t, ~0.('•1`	 i .9.31`"0,0 .1" Pr ;—n 0, * 6,30=0,071; 6,0,031:0,02*I 1.59=0,0t111.'pllii 1,
	
CUA ,i{r1`^f ) 1 () ,..n M	 11,8• zt0,n3' 2 ){) `'Q 0 j Oi) `1,8 1^n
►^vY
 B 
	 rap
1
2:27-':f 1 :04 : I	 1„7^7 ~0^ nE°” I	
^r >...n r1^, M. r 03-to RIO- 2'M=0'03  ..
r^	
.'XBr%--:rg	 ,(l::ilima,	 (• /?^1	 9th	 •10J .t 1 Y	 1	 n,/^)+ 	0-2 -0-2. n , 8..!: `) 03" n /r1^.to:0 4 f 07 1	 1,02'Bticrap 0,76=( .o3	 1 0,05:t0:0i' (1:64' 7--(J:1 ,2-'- °1f1,3a.	 0 n, t^	 i	 ,,;^^^
Remark. Here and in Table 2 asterisks show indices differing reliably from
corresponding indices of rats in group I, circles show differences between
the two strains.
Key: a. Index	 d. Absolute weight in g	 Read commas as decimals
b. Strain	 e. Length in cm
c. Group	 f. Width in can
g. Girth in an
4AMQGW U. P'A(aw A ,
OF POM QUALM
I^
	 3
1
TABLE 2 . SOME BIOCIMICAL INDICES IN CONM =ION WITH DWERIME NTAL U=S
AND THE STRAIN TO WHICH INBRED RATS BEMONC (M+m)
t2'Oln I • ,t	 I 2•u
1 pyuu;,
3^n I	 I^n (	 ;^.,,
Total. protein	 A i3,3;3 !•O,tll;i n 4^ G,BU?	 i,i)ti" 6,85:!=0,10* 0,411' 0,01' 6.611' O,OW
^	
7110 '; p ,i38`' (6,,30 "0,10 " 1i„ri3 '• (r,11U*" 11,10 ' t1, I0 ' ' A11	 0.11"Aldolase, units	 COI L=0,07 5,801x0108" (3,11,!'0,08" 1,23 10,0V,111," •1,6 $	 '	 11.10
80^L( 07 5.70A,0,064- 13179
	
!	 11,1)!"' ,1116 	 11,111'
ep•g ycog• ,M 	 88;3,0 0 L, 10,823 31)0,11:}' 5,11 P :)',)3,0-= 5,63 1 201,0.1 3,'121," 111,0 ' w i PIOU6,01'113.'23' ,3«11,0!'.4:3;3' 2;,0,U!.1,IG4" ;.31,0'
	
1,011'' 1'101 1  I'll,''Blood sllgar,3Tlg$
	
1;3,75:;1,;30 117,60°!-:0,811" 90.071,0,911' 106, ►0 '	 1,H 1 )1"N. I I
	
'	 0,e 1,'
6'/.00';U,97° ►;)	 i^, ':1.1 9W 911!0:;1,4'' 110171,11
	 1,19# I,tl,ilt'	 1.I' ►
Tot.azlest. 1 mg% 85 ,0 "1,08ti 1"0 6:'=0,9`'11 ' 11 I,u-1 -1,81 1 :15.0.1-0,967 11, 1.1'90,0-014131' I15.U''.1.52*° 118,6.1.0,(;G°" 121,3=!a 1,.1 1 " I00.0_1; IM I'
'	 3,18°!0,22 .1,47;-10.09" 8,55`
	
0,22* 7,1354'•0,10'" 6,62? 1 0.10"3-lipoprot.,units 	 I	 :3,20!'0,22 )0,02=10,22:9 7,53'-:'U,IUpO 3,78'•-U,U8*0 81711^_I'O,UJ''o
Key:	 A. August	 W. Wistar
The results of biochemical studies (Table 2) under conditions of hypokinesia
show a positive decrease in the indices for protein metabolism (total protein) and
carbohydrate metabolism (hepatic glycogen); physical rehabilitation exercises and
their combination obliterate the appearance of negative hy-Poki.nesia aftereffects or
hinder them completely (total protein!. This is not characteristic of the glycogen
content; on the contrary, the level falls with the increase in load (exception:
Wistar rats in group V). The tendency referred to can be explained, if we keep in
mind that an increase in physical load is accompanied by an increase in glycogenoly-
sis, as is shown by the sugar content in the blood. A definitely interesting paint
is the data on fat metabolism (cholesterol, beta-lipoproteins) and enzymatic metabo-
lism (aldolase). under cone"tAons of 60-day hypokinesia the indices referred to cer-
tainly rise. In hypokinesia the organism accumulates a surplus of lipids due to its
"Reactional inactivity" and hepatic functions are disrupted, as shown by the aldo-
lase activity. Graded physical rehabilitation exercises favor the normalization of
the changes that have appeared. It is a basic fact, that the interlinear differences
established in the control for the biochemical indices under study are preserved no
matter what the type of rehabilitating physical load. This speaks for the biologic-
al uniqueness of inbred rats of different pure breeds, which undoubtedly has a geno-
typic character.
Thus the present work has produced various types of confirmation for the effect-
iveness of proposed rehabilitation activities in preventing changes within the frame-
work of the hypokinetic syndrome. The comparison of rats of different breeds within/35
4
h'
.	 .	 T
the limits of the experimental groups brought out the hereditary nature of hepatic
adaptation to physical loads and phaznacological intervention when there is re-
stricted mobility.
L'
	
5
1i
R^+^' F+^'+^M
1. Biryukov, Ye. N., 1weneniye mincral'noy nasyshchenosti kostnoy tkani i kal'tsi-
yevogo balansa v usloviyakh eksperimental'noy cIipokinezii i kosmicheskogo po-
leta (Changes in the Mineral Impregnation of Bone Tissue and of Calcium Bal-
ance under Conditions of Hypokinesia and Space Flight), Doctoral dissertation,
MOSMv, 1968.
2. Volozhin, A. I., Pat. fiziol. 1971, No. 6, pp 65-69.
3. Yer-mo1'yev, V. A., kbrfo-funktsioivl'noye sostoyaniye pecheni inbrednykh zhivot-
nykh v usloviyakh gipo-normo i 	 [Marphofunctional Condition of the
Liver of Inbred Animals under Condtions of hypo-, Normal and tiyperkinosia),
Aut:hor's abstract of doctoral dissertation, Donetsk, 1976.
4. Kovalenko, Ye, A., Pat. fiziol. 1975, No. 3, pp 1-11.
5. Ko^ralenko, Ye. A., Yu. S. Galushko, S. G. Sherasrav et al., Kosmicheska a biol.
1965, Nol. 1, pp 13-19.
6. Parin, V. A., T. N. Krupina, G. P. Mikhaylovskiy et a1., ibid. 1970, No. 5, pp
59-64.
7. Ciryk, L. A., 1yjLll. ekspex. biol. 1972, No. 10, pp 22-25.
B. Fedorov, 1. V., Yu. I. Mi.lov and Ye. Ye. Simonov, Kosmicheskaaaa biol. 1970, No.
3, pp 18-21.
9. Fedorov, 1. V. and I. F. Shurova, ibid. 1973, M. 2, pp 17-21.
P(4t6Lo6t cAe(O-Y4 1,111/ oLo& , Y4 ti
t lC s rf n i me N -Cal NA VA Ie4,A r 1g A j ) 5'7Yr
6
:`


Effect of graded physical load on the state of the liver from morphometric data and biochemical blood indices of rats against a background of hypokinesia

Effect of graded physical load on the state of the liver from morphometric data and biochemical blood indices of rats against a background of hypokinesia

Abstract

Similar works

Full text

Available Versions

NASA Technical Reports Server