チイキ コウレイシャ ノ セイカツ シュウカン エイヨウ ト サルコペニア ニ カンスル ジッタイ チョウサ

本研究では，地域高齢者の生活習慣，栄養，サルコペニアに関する実態調査を行い，高齢者が在宅で元気に自立して過ごすための健康支援策を検討するための基礎資料を得ることを目的とした．地方の商業施設で開催された健康測定会に参加した65 歳以上の高齢者120 名を対象に，生活習慣，栄養，サルコペニア，QOL に関する調査を行った．全対象者のうち，サルコペニアの診断に該当した者は3 名のみであった．対象者はほとんど無職で，7 割が健康的な生活習慣をもち，栄養状態も良好であった．全般的にQOL は同世代並みであった．女性は男性に比べて運動習慣をもつ者が少なく，さらに女性の中でも75 歳以上の後期高齢者は前期高齢者に比べて歩行速度が有意に遅く，運動に関わる身体計測値が低い一方，体脂肪率は高かった．高齢者は，積極的に家庭内外での活動を行うことが重要であり，特に75 歳以上の女性は，運動習慣を身につけ，身体活動量を上げるような対策をとることが重要である．We conducted a fact-finding survey on lifestyles, nutrition, and sarcopenia in community-dwelling elderly residents. The objective was to obtain the basic data for developing health-support measures that would help elderly people live healthy and independent lives in their homes. In 120 elderly people 65 years of age or older who participated in a health checkup held at a regional commercial facility, a survey was conducted on lifestyle, nutrition, sarcopenia, and quality of life (QOL). Of all subjects, only 3 met the diagnostic criteria for sarcopenia. Most subjects were retired, while 70% of the subjects had healthy lifestyles and good nutritional status. Overall, QOL of the subjects was comparable to that of elderly people in the same age groups. Compared with men, fewer women exercised regularly. Even among the female subjects, very elderly women, those 75 years of age or older, walked significantly more slowly, showed lower physical measurements associated with physical activities, but had a higher body fat percentage than the women less than 75 years of age. For elderly people, It is important to perform activities inside and outside the home positively. Particularly for women 75 years of age or older, measures that help them build an exercise habit and increase physical activity are important.原著論文 = Original articl

Development of Kupffer cell targeting type-I interferon for the treatment of hepatitis via inducing anti-inflammatory and immunomodulatory actions

Because of its multifaceted anti-inflammatory and immunomodulatory effects, delivering type-I interferon to Kupffer cells has the potential to function as a novel type of therapy for the treatment of various types of hepatitis. We report herein on the preparation of a Kupffer cell targeting type-I interferon, an albumin-IFNα2b fusion protein that contains highly mannosylated N-linked oligosaccharide chains, Man-HSA(D494N)-IFNα2b, attached by combining albumin fusion technology and site-directed mutagenesis. The presence of this unique oligosaccharide permits the protein to be efficiently, rapidly and preferentially distributed to Kupffer cells. Likewise IFNα2b, Man-HSA(D494N)-IFNα2b caused a significant induction in the mRNA levels of IL-10, IL-1Ra, PD-L1 in RAW264.7 cells and mouse isolated Kupffer cells, and these inductions were largely inhibited by blocking the interferon receptor. These data indicate that Man-HSA(D494N)-IFNα2b retained the biological activities of type-I interferon. Man-HSA(D494N)-IFNα2b significantly inhibited liver injury in Concanavalin A (Con-A)-induced hepatitis model mice, and consequently improved their survival rate. Moreover, the post-administration of Man-HSA(D494N)-IFNα2b at 2 h after the Con-A challenge also exerted hepato-protective effects. In conclusion, this proof-of-concept study demonstrates the therapeutic effectiveness and utility of Kupffer cell targeting type-I interferon against hepatitis via its anti-inflammatory and immunomodulatory actions

Association of perceived stress and coping strategies with the renal function in middle-aged and older Japanese men and women

Elucidating the risk factors for chronic kidney disease is important for preventing end-stage renal disease and reducing mortality. However, little is known about the roles of psychosocial stress and stress coping behaviors in deterioration of the renal function, as measured by the estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR). This cross-sectional study of middle-aged and older Japanese men (n = 31,703) and women (n = 38,939) investigated whether perceived stress and coping strategies (emotional expression, emotional support seeking, positive reappraisal, problem solving, and disengagement) were related to the eGFR, with mutual interactions. In multiple linear regression analyses adjusted for age, area, lifestyle factors, and psychosocial variables, we found a significant inverse association between perceived stress and the eGFR in men (Ptrend = 0.02), but not women. This male-specific inverse association was slightly attenuated after adjustment for the history of hypertension and diabetes and was more evident in lower levels of emotional expression (Pinteraction = 0.003). Unexpectedly, problem solving in men (Ptrend < 0.001) and positive reappraisal in women (Ptrend = 0.002) also showed an inverse association with the eGFR. Perceived stress may affect the eGFR, partly through the development of hypertension and diabetes. The unexpected findings regarding coping strategies require the clarification of the underlying mechanisms, including the hormonal and immunological aspects

Effect of the interaction between physical activity and estimated macronutrient intake on HbA1c : population-based cross-sectional and longitudinal studies

Introduction Healthy diet and physical activity (PA) are essential for preventing type 2 diabetes, particularly, a combination of diet and PA. However, reports on interaction between PA and diet, especially from large epidemiological studies, are limited. We investigated the effect of interaction between PA and macronutrient intake on hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) levels in the general population. Research design and methods We conducted a cross-sectional study of 55 469 men and women without diabetes who participated in the baseline survey of the Japan Multi-Institutional Collaborative Cohort Study. A self-administered questionnaire ascertained PA and macronutrient intake (carbohydrate, fat, and protein). Multiple linear regression analyses were performed to adjust for confounding variables and examine the interactions. In addition, we conducted a longitudinal study during a 5-year period within a subcohort (n=6881) with accelerometer-assessed PA data. Results Overall, PA had a weak inverse association (β=−0.00033, p=0.049) and carbohydrate intake had a strong positive association (β=0.00393, p<0.001) with HbA1c. We observed a tendency of interactions between PA and carbohydrate or fat intake, but not protein intake, on HbA1c levels after adjusting for age, sex, study area, total energy intake, alcohol consumption, smoking, and medication for hypertension or hypercholesterolemia (Pinteraction=0.054, 0.006, and 0.156, respectively). The inverse associations between PA and HbA1c level were more evident in participants with high-carbohydrate (or low-fat) intake than in participants with low-carbohydrate (or high-fat) intake. Although further adjustment for body mass index slightly attenuated the above interactions (Pinteraction=0.098 for carbohydrate and 0.068 for fat), the associations between PA and HbA1c level in stratified analyses remained unchanged. Similar associations and interactions were reproduced in the longitudinal study. Conclusions The present results suggest that the effect of PA on HbA1c levels is modified by intake of macronutrient composition

ドッキョ コウレイシャ エ ノ サイガイ タイサク ノ ジョウホウ テイキョウ ニ オケル ケンキュウ

福岡市の高齢者における地域の災害避難場所の認知について, 実態調査を行い, 独居高齢者への災害支援のありかたについて検討した. 地域包括ケアシステムと介護の啓発を目的とした集会の参加者258 名を分析対象とし, 基本属性, フォーマルな相談窓口の認知と活用の有無, 活用している相談窓口数, 地域の避難場所の認知, 楽しみの有無, 情緒的支援, 自尊感情尺度について調査した. 分析は同居群と独居群の２群の差のカテゴリ変数にはχ2 検定, 連続変数にはMann–Whitney U 検定行い群間差を検定した. その結果, 独居高齢者は同居者がいる高齢者より有意に高齢で, 公の相談窓口を知らず, 相談談窓口数が少なく, 避難場所を知らず, 楽しみを有さず, 情的支援を受けていなかった. 都市部における高齢者への災害支援を充実させるためには, 特に独居高齢者が情的な交流のある生活の中で, 楽しみながら社会活動ができる場づくりを行う必要がある. また, 災害支援の情報提供は，社会活動ができる場で行うことが有益であることが示唆された.The purpose of this study was to countermeasure to living alone elderly when disaster occurs. A total of 258 elderly residents participates. A questionnaire included the following scales and items: Disaster shelter. Recognition a formal consultation. Take advantage of a formal consultation. Take advantage number of adviser. Recognition a countermeasure. In life a pleasure. Emotional support. Self Esteem scale. The more elderly, living alone elderly than living with family elderly. The living alone elderly did not know that Fukuoka-city hall and town office is daily living consultation. The urban area to progress in disaster countermeasures, attention to live-alone elderly, whose are provided emotional support, have in life a pleasure, have a place of social activities.原著論文 = Original articl

クマモト ジシン 6カゲツ ニ オケル シュウロウシャ ノ スイミン ト シュカンテキ ケンコウ ジョウタイ ト ノ カンレン ヨウイン

Objective：This study aimed to clarify the relationship between sleep and subjective health condition by focusing on disaster-affected workers six months after the Kumamoto earthquake.Methods：The study population comprised 676 workers at small and medium-sized companies located in Kamimashikigun, Kumamoto Prefecture, where damage after the Kumamoto earthquake was severe. Participants were sent a questionnaire with items related to basic characteristics （sex, age, and family members）, damage to home after the earthquake, subjective symptoms after the earthquake, injury from the earthquakes, changes in income, subjective wellbeing, changes in workload after the earthquake, Athens Insomnia Scale（AIS）, Impact of Event Scale-Revised（IES-R）, General Health Questionnaire（GHQ 28）, and health related QOL Short-Form Health Survey（SF-8）. Responses were collected from 456 people at 13 companies（68.1% response rate）. Of these, 438 responses（96.1%） were valid. This study was approved by the ethical review committee of Fukuoka University School of Medicine.Results：The participants included 334 males and 104 females with an average age of 43.3 years. Two groups were created based on Abbreviated Injury Scale（AIS）scores：279 participants were in the insomnia group and 159 participants were in the non-insomnia group. Compared with that in the non-insomnia group, the patients in the insomnia group were old, had poor subjective health status, and were more likely to have subjective symptoms and injury after the earthquake. The study found a significant positive correlation with intrusion and hyperarousal symptoms in the IES-R subscales. In the SF-8 responses, there were significant negative correlations with BP（Bodily Pain）, GH（General Health）, VT（Vitality）, SF（Social Functioning）, RE（Role Emotional）, MH（Mental Health）, and MCS（Mental Component Summary）. In a logistic regression analysis of sleeping condition in Athens Insomnia Scale（AIS）, BP［OR： 0.942, CI： 0.907-0.978］and avoidance symptoms［OR：0.881, CI：0.799-0.971］improved sleeping condition, whereas hyperarousal symptoms［OR：1.553, CI：1.324-1.823］, social life function［OR：0.954, CI：0.916-0.994］, and daily role function（mental）［OR：0.916, CI：0.866-0.97］were negatively related with good sleeping condition.Discussion：The Kumamoto earthquake influenced the sleep quality for most disaster-affected workers, with approximately 60% reporting insomnia. Because workers with insomnia may exhibit hidden subjective symptoms or suffer from mental stress, long-term preventive systems should be developed and established by companies to improve worker health. Longitudinal studies are required to further examine factors related to sleep condition and outcomes of support systems.原著論文 = Original articl