Perception des risques sanitaires dans le maraîchage à Abidjan, Côte d’Ivoire

Cette étude a été conduite pour évaluer le niveau de connaissance et de perception des risques sanitaires dans le secteur du maraîchage à Abidjan, à travers une enquête transversale. Le maraîchage est pratiqué à 77,98% par les hommes et à 22,02% par les femmes, qui sont pour la plupart des analphabètes (58,6%). Différents types de légumes sont produits à savoir les laitues (40,97%), laitues+autres légumes (32,12%) et autres légumes (26,9%). 73,4% des producteurs ne sont pas conscients des risques de contamination dus à leurs comportements contre 8,3% qui affirment reconnaître leur part de responsabilités dans la contamination des produits maraîchers. De manière préférentielle, 89,2% des exploitants agricoles utilisent des sacs en fil de coton pour le conditionnement des légumes frais qui sont transportés à 71% vers les points de vente au moyen de véhicules. En l’absence d’une éducation sanitaire fondée et des  interventions localement adaptées, les cultivateurs n’accordent pas une attention particulière à la prévention des risques sanitaires.© 2013 International Formulae Group. All rights reserved.Mots clés: Conception, fruits et légumes, contamination, maraîchage périurbain, comportement des maraîchers

Microsatellite gene diversity in coconut (Cocos nucifera L.) accessions resistants to lethal yellowing disease

One of the problems faced in coconut cultivation is the lethal yellowing disease. Experimental trials, conducted in endemic region, showed that the Vanuatu Tall and Sri-Lanka Green Dwarf genotypes weretolerant while the West African Tall appeared susceptible to the lethal yellowing disease. Genetic differences between these tolerant genotypes and the susceptible ones were evaluated using twelvemicrosatellite markers. This work aimed to use identified materials as reference to select suitable parents for gene mapping studies. A total of 58 alleles were detected at the 12 microsatellite loci. Thenumber of alleles varied from 3 to 7, with an average of 4.83 alleles. The Fst index revealed that 59.70% of the total allele variability explained differences between the three accessions. Genotypes of WestAfrican Tall, susceptible to the lethal yellowing disease, were less genetically clustered to the genotypes of the two tolerant accessions. This differentiation was based on specific alleles and frequency variation of shared allele in the three accessions. This molecular typology was useful as reference for large molecular screening of coconut genetic resources and the identification of suitableparents for the development of mapping populations for tagging the lethal yellowing resistance genes

Novel Arenavirus Sequences in Hylomyscus sp. and Mus (Nannomys) setulosus from Côte d'Ivoire: Implications for Evolution of Arenaviruses in Africa

This study aimed to identify new arenaviruses and gather insights in the evolution of arenaviruses in Africa. During 2003 through 2005, 1,228 small mammals representing 14 different genera were trapped in 9 villages in south, east, and middle west of Côte d'Ivoire. Specimens were screened by pan-Old World arenavirus RT-PCRs targeting S and L RNA segments as well as immunofluorescence assay. Sequences of two novel tentative species of the family Arenaviridae, Menekre and Gbagroube virus, were detected in Hylomyscus sp. and Mus (Nannomys) setulosus, respectively. Arenavirus infection of Mus (Nannomys) setulosus was also demonstrated by serological testing. Lassa virus was not found, although 60% of the captured animals were Mastomys natalensis. Complete S RNA and partial L RNA sequences of the novel viruses were recovered from the rodent specimens and subjected to phylogenetic analysis. Gbagroube virus is a closely related sister taxon of Lassa virus, while Menekre virus clusters with the Ippy/Mobala/Mopeia virus complex. Reconstruction of possible virus–host co-phylogeny scenarios suggests that, within the African continent, signatures of co-evolution might have been obliterated by multiple host-switching events

Etude de la qualité microbiologique d'une espèce tropicale de crabe: Callinectes amnicola

Study of the Microbiological Quality of a Tropical Species of Crab: Callinectes amnicola. Callinectes amnicola, a species of crab widely consumed in Ivory Coast, was microbiologically analysed due to the high pollution of fishery waters. A survey of 180 crabs including 90 males and 90 females bought in three different places -two markets and a place of fishing- was carried out. The storage temperature of crabs in the shellfish bags (25.5 °C and 26.5 °C for two markets) indicates that selling of crabs without refrigeration supports the proliferation of germs in these food products. The bacteriological analyses show that the majority of crabs, males (89%) and females (71%) are contaminated by anaerobic sulfite-reducers. The male (84.4%) are more contaminated by fecal coliforms than the females (62.2%). The crabs bought in the two markets give the highest percentages of infection by fecal coliforms (80% and 73.3% against 66.7% for the place of fishing). Salmonella is found in 3.3% of crabs. 91% of males and 67% of females have an unacceptable microbiological quality, and are therefore unsuitable for human consumption. This study shows the medical risk for populations consuming C. amnicola, especially if this shellfish is not properly cooked before consumption

Convulsions hyperpyretiques simples chez les enfants De 6 a 60 mois : Aspects epidemiologiques et cliniques

Introduction : Le but de cette étude prospective a été d’analyser les aspects épidémiologiques et cliniques des crises convulsives hyperpyrétiques de l’enfant.Méthodologie : Il s’est agi d’une étude prospective portant sur 70 enfants âgés de 6 mois à 5 ans, hospitalisés au CHU-Campus de Lomé pour crises convulsives hyperpyrétiques simples entre le 30/04 et le 31/10/ 2007. Les paramètres étudiés ont été: l’âge, le sexe, les antécédents familiaux, les signes cliniques et paracliniques.Résultats : Soixante-dix enfants sur 993 hospitalisés ont fait une crise convulsive hyperpyretique simple. La fréquence a été de 7%. On a noté une prédominance masculine (64,3%) et la tranche d’âge la plus touchée était celle de 42 et 60 mois (41,4%).Conclusion. Les crises convulsives hyperpyrétiques simples prédominent chez les enfants de sexe masculin

Influence of HIV infection on the clinical presentation and outcome of adults with acute community-acquired pneumonia in Yaounde, Cameroon: a retrospective hospital-based study

<p>Abstract</p> <p>Background</p> <p>The impact of HIV infection on the evolution of acute community-acquired pneumonia (CAP) is still controversial. The aim of this study was to investigate possible differences in the clinical presentation and in-hospital outcomes of patients with CAP with and without HIV infection in a specialised service in Yaounde.</p> <p>Methods</p> <p>Medical files of 106 patients (51 men) aged 15 years and above, admitted to the Pneumology service of the Yaounde Jamot Hospital between January 2008 and May 2012, were retrospectively studied.</p> <p>Results</p> <p>Sixty-two (58.5%) patients were HIV infected. The median age of all patients was 40 years (interquartile range: 31.75-53) and there was no difference in the clinical and radiological profile of patients with and without HIV infection. The median leukocyte count (interquartile range) was 14,600/mm³ (10,900-20,600) and 10,450/mm³ (6,400-16,850) respectively in HIV negative and HIV positive patients (p = 0.002). Median haemoglobin level (interquartile range) was 10.8 g/dl (8.9-12) in HIV negative and 9.7 g/dl (8–11.6) in HIV positive patients (p = 0.025). In-hospital treatment failure on third day (39.5% vs. 25.5.1%, p = 0.137) and mortality rates (9% vs. 14.5%, p = 0.401) were similar between HIV negative and HIV positive patients.</p> <p>Conclusion</p> <p>Clinical and radiological features as well as response to treatment and in hospital fatal outcomes are similar in adult patients hospitalised with acute community-acquired pneumonia in Yaounde. In contrast, HIV infected patients tend to be more anaemic and have lower white cell counts than HIV negative patients. Larger prospective studies are needed to consolidate these findings.</p

Radial Basis Function Neural Network with Localized Stochastic-Sensitive Autoencoder for Home-Based Activity Recognition

info:eu-repo/semantics/publishe