Estimation de l\'apport en mercure à partir de la consommation de poisson en Côte d\'Ivoire

L\'objectif de cette étude est d\'estimer l\'apport en mercure à partir des concentrations en cet élément de différentes espèces de poissons les plus consommées et les plus vendues en Côte d\'Ivoire. Pour ce faire, 18 espèces de poissons couramment consommées et quelques prédateurs ont été échantillonnées selon la méthode du panier de la ménagère, dans des stocks de production locale et d\'importation de 1999 à 2002. Les échantillons, après minéralisation par voie humide, ont été analysés par pectrophotométrie d\'Absorption Atomique selon la technique des vapeurs froides. Les concentrations en mercure retrouvées varient entre 8 et 2454 μg/kg avec une moyenne de 239 μg/kg. Sur la base des concentrations et de la consommation annuelle de poissons estimée à 16 kg/habitant en Côte d\'Ivoire, l\'apport moyen calculé est égal à 73 μg de mercure par semaine; soit 25% de la dose hebdomadaire tolérable provisoire (DHTP) fixée à 300 μg par le comité mixte FAO/OMS. Cependant, pour une population lagunaire, consommant essentiellement des poissons (consommation quotidienne de 1,08 kg selon l\'OMS), le risque apparaît beaucoup plus élevé car l\'apport en mercure est égal à 1703 μg/semaine; soit 7 fois la DHTPThe aim of this study is to determine mercury content in different species of fishes in order to estimate the daily mercury intake in adult Ivorian. Eighteen fish species were sampled in stocks. of Ivorian fish production and importation during four years (1999-2002). The mercury concentrations were determined by Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometer according to the cold vapours method. The mercury average level is 239±196 μg/kg (2-2454 μg/kg) in fishes. The intake value estimated is 73 μg per week. This value represents 25% of Provisional Tolerable Weekly Intake recommended by the World Health Organization (300 μg per week). However, for an inhabitant in costs, the risk appears much higher because the intake value estimated is 1703 μg per week; which represents 7 times the Provisional Tolerable Weekly Intake. Keywords: apport, mercure, consommation, poissons, Côte d\'Ivoire/mercury, intake, fish, Côte d\'IvoireSciences & Nature Vol. 4 (2) 2007: pp. 171-17

Murine Models for Trypanosoma brucei gambiense Disease Progression—From Silent to Chronic Infections and Early Brain Tropism

Trypanosoma brucei gambiense is responsible for more than 90% of reported cases of human African trypanosomosis (HAT). Infection can last for months or even years without major signs or symptoms of infection, but if left untreated, sleeping sickness is always fatal. In the present study, different T. b. gambiense field isolates from the cerebrospinal fluid of patients with HAT were adapted to growth in vitro. These isolates belong to the homogeneous Group 1 of T. b. gambiense, which is known to induce a chronic infection in humans. In spite of this, these isolates induced infections ranging from chronic to silent in mice, with variations in parasitaemia, mouse lifespan, their ability to invade the CNS and to elicit specific immune responses. In addition, during infection, an unexpected early tropism for the brain as well as the spleen and lungs was observed using bioluminescence analysis. The murine models presented in this work provide new insights into our understanding of HAT and allow further studies of parasite tropism during infection, which will be very useful for the treatment and the diagnosis of the disease

Aspects sociodémographiques, diagnostiques et thérapeutiques des traumatismes maxillo-faciaux au CHU de Bouake

L’objectif de ce travail était de décrire les aspects socio-démographiques,  diagnostiques et thérapeutiques des traumatismes maxillo-faciaux. Il s’agissait d’une étude rétrospective effectuée dans le service de Chirurgie maxillo-faciale et Stomatologie du Centre Hospitalo-Universitaire de Bouaké, du 1er janvier 2012 au 31 août 2013. Elle a porté sur les dossiers de patients admis pour un traumatisme maxillo-facial. Les paramètres étudiés ont été socio-démographiques, diagnostiques,  thérapeutiques et les résultats du traitement. Sur 403  consultations, les lésions traumatiques maxillo-faciales ont  représenté 137 cas soit 34%. L’âge moyen des patients était de 31 ans. Le sex-ratio était de 5. Les accidents de la voie publique étaient les plus grands pourvoyeurs de traumatismes maxillo-faciaux. Parmi les accidents de la voie publique, les accidents de moto étaient les plus fréquents (n = 92 ; 73,6%). Les os de l’étage moyen de la face  étaient le plus souvent atteints (n = 40 ; 50%). Le traitement des lésions osseuses était orthopédique dans 91,67 % des cas. Soixante dix-sept patients sont sortis contre avis médical et n’ont pas été pris en charge. Les lésions traumatiques  maxillofaciales par  accident du trafic routier sont fréquentes à Bouaké. Cependant la prise en charge thérapeutique est difficile du fait de  l’insuffisance du plateau technique et des ressources pécuniaires dérisoires des patients. L’accent devra donc être mis sur la prévention.Mots-clés : Région maxillo-faciale, accident de la circulation routière, lésion  traumatique, motocycliste.The aim of this study is to describe the sociodemographic aspects, diagnosis and  treatment of maxillofacial trauma, to report the details and results of their  treatments. This was a retrospective study conducted in the Department of Dentistry and Maxillofacial Surgery Bouake of teaching hospital, from 1st January 2012 to 31st  August 2013. The records of patients admitted for maxillofacial trauma were analyzed. The parameters studied were sociodemographic, diagnostic, therapeutic and results of treatment. Over a four hundred and three (n=403)  consultants, maxillofacial injuries accounted for 137 cases  (34%). Average age of patients was 31 years. The sex ratio was 5. The highway accidents were the largest providers of  maxillofacial trauma. Among the accidents highway motorcycle accidents were the most frequent (n=92 73.6%). The bones of the face were most often affected (n=40 50%). The treatment of bone lesions was orthopedic in 91, 67% of cases.  Seventy-seven patients were discharged against medical advice and could not be treated. Maxillofacial injuries in road traffic accidents are common in Bouake. However the therapeutic management is difficult because of the lack of technical facilities and paltry financial resources of patients. Emphasis should be placed on prevention.Key words: maxillofacial region, road traffic accident, traumatic injury, motorcyclis

Les aliments utilisés en pisciculture semi intensive en Côte d'Ivoire et leur productivité

Feeds Used in Semi-intensive-Fish Farming Systems and their productivity in Ivory Coast. A survey was carried out on fish feeds used in semi-intensive fish farming system in Ivory Coast. Fish feeds were collected from 156 fish farms. Their nutritional value and the factors affecting their use as well as their productivity were assessed. Commercial feeds, feeds produced by fish farmers and agro-industrial by-products were used respectively by 51%, 34%, and 47% of the producers, alone or mixed. Nutritional values of commercial feeds meet the nutritional requirement of fish breeding. Conversely, feeds produced by local feed sellers, fish farmers and agro-industrial by-products are in general poor in crude protein and/or rich in crude fiber. The geographical location of the fish farm, the age, the origin, the gender and the main professional activity of the fish farm owner influence the choice of feed. The highest growth parameters were obtained by the commercial feeds compared to fish farmer's feeds or agro-industrial byproducts. The average growth rates of tilapia range between 1.06 and 1.20 g/day. Their yields range between 2445 and 4252 kg/ha/year. The availability of low cost composed fish feeds which take into account the requirement of fish formulated from local and available raw materials would improve fish production

Morbi-mortalite des adolescents a la pediatrie du CHR-tsevie en 2009

Objectif : Décrire la morbi-mortalité des adolescents à la Pédiatrie du CHR-Tsévié.Patients et méthode: Il s’agit d’une étude prospective du 1er Janvier au 31 Décembre 2009. Les caractéristiques sociodémographiques des adolescents, les pathologies et les problèmes identifiés au cours de l’hospitalisation ont été décrits.Résultats : Sur 1250 hospitalisations enregistrées à la pédiatrie du CHR-Tsévié au cours de l’année 2009, 104 soit 8,32% concernaient les adolescents. L’âge des adolescents variait entre 10 et 16 ans avec un âge moyen de 13 ans. La quasi-totalité des adolescents venaient de la ville de Tsévié. Six adolescents avaient leur poids par rapport à l’âge inférieurà -3ZS, c’est-à-dire un poids gravement insuffisant pour l’âge; 34 se situaient entre -3ZS et -2ZS, ils avaient un poids insuffisant pour l’âge. Les affections morbides étaient dominées par le paludisme 73%,suivi de la gastro-entérite 7,70%. L’évolution a été favorable dans la majorité des cas, avec un taux de 99/104 soit 95,20%. Le taux de décès a été de 4,80% dans cette population.Conclusion : La fréquence élevée du paludisme chez l’adolescent constitue un problème de santé publique. La solution reste la prévention qui doit par la communication pour un changement de comportement.Mots clés : Adolescents, paludisme, morbidité, mortalité, Togo

Le syndrome de treacher collins-franceschetti : A propos d’un cas observe au Chu-Tokoin de Lome

Les auteurs présentent l’observation d’un nourrisson de 1 mois 10 jours admis dans le service de Pédiatrie du CHU TOKOIN de Lomé pour détresse respiratoire. Les signes cliniques permettent d’évoquer la dysostose mandibulo-faciale et excluent la dysplasie oculo-auriculo-vertébrale ou syndrome de Goldenhar et la microsomie hémifaciale. Notre observation montre quelques aspects particuliers du cas que nous allons décrire.Mots clés : Dysostose mandibulo-faciale, dysplasie oculo-auriculo-vertébrale, syndrome de Treacher Collins-Franceschetti.Treachers collins-franceschetti syndrome in Lome. The authors present the clinical case of an infant of 1 month 10 days admitted in the Pediatrics service of CHU-Tokoin in Lomé for respiratory disorders. The clinical signs permit to evoke the mandibulo-facial dysostosis and exclude the oculo-auriculo - vertebral dysplasia or Goldenhar syndrome of and the hemifacial microsomia. Our observation shows some particular aspects of the case that we are going to describe.Key words : Mandibulo-facial dysostosis, oculo-auriculo - vertebral dysplasia or Goldenhar syndrom of and the hemifacial microsomia, Treacher Collins-Franceschetti syndrom

Heighpubs Clinical and Experimental Ophthalmology A Comparative Study of Anatomic and Functional Outcomes of Two Surgical Techniques of Cataract at Lome

SUMMARY Aim: To compare the anatomical and functional outcomes of cataract surgery with manual small incision cataract surgery (MSICS) to those of extracapsular cataract extraction (ECCE) in Lome. Patients and Methods: A prospective study involved two groups of patients who underwent ECCE (group 1) and MSICS (group 2) by the same surgeon in the same conditions in different periods. Complications and visual results to the 45th postoperative day were compared. Results: At the 45th postoperative day, 60% of operated eyes of the ECCE group (G1) and 83.9% in the group of MSICS (G2) had uncorrected visual acuity greater than or equal to 3/10. Through the pinhole, these proportions increased to 73.3% for G1 and 92.2% for G2. Visual acuity was less than 1/10 in 4.4% for G1 and 1.1% for G2. The vitreous loss was observed in proportions of 3.8% for G1 and 3.3% for G2. During follow-up, the three main early postoperative complications were infl ammation (13.9%), corneal edema (13.3%), and the pigment dispersion (7.2%) in G1 and corneal edema (9.4%), pigment dispersion (8.3%) and hypertonia (6.6%) in G 2. Conclusion: Two cataract extraction techniques offer the same level of safety in intraoperative period. However, MSICS has certain advantages over the ECCE and would be an alternative technique in developing countries

A Comparative Study of Anatomic and Functional Outcomes of Two Surgical Techniques of Cataract at Lome

Aim: To compare the anatomical and functional outcomes of cataract surgery with manual small incision cataract surgery (MSICS) to those of extracapsular cataract extraction (ECCE) in Lome. Patients and Methods: A prospective study involved two groups of patients who underwent ECCE (group 1) and MSICS (group 2) by the same surgeon in the same conditions in different periods. Complications and visual results to the 45th postoperative day were compared. Results: At the 45th postoperative day, 60% of operated eyes of the ECCE group (G1) and 83.9% in the group of MSICS (G2) had uncorrected visual acuity greater than or equal to 3/10. Through the pinhole, these proportions increased to 73.3% for G1 and 92.2% for G2. Visual acuity was less than 1/10 in 4.4% for G1 and 1.1% for G2. The vitreous loss was observed in proportions of 3.8% for G1 and 3.3% for G2. During follow-up, the three main early postoperative complications were inflammation (13.9%), corneal edema (13.3%), and the pigment dispersion (7.2%) in G1 and corneal edema (9.4%), pigment dispersion (8.3%) and hypertonia (6.6%) in G 2. Conclusion: Two cataract extraction techniques offer the same level of safety in intraoperative period. However, MSICS has certain advantages over the ECCE and would be an alternative technique in developing countries