Гаджеты в медицине

Currently, the main trend in the field of health care is a widespread use of modern information technologies and establishment of medical information systems, which assist in the evaluation of patients. The most affordable means of medical care are gadgets

NM-300 Silver Characterisation, Stability, Homogeneity

This report describes the characteriation of NM-300, a nano-silver reference material used in the context of risk and exposure assessment studies. The material was produced in the context of the JRC IHCP activity on nano-materials. A representative set test items was handed over to the JRC IES analytical laboratory for further characterisation. First, inorganic chemical characterisation of the total silver content and the homogeneity of the Ag-distribution was done using ICP-AES. To this end, a dedicated method was developed and validated according to the requirements laid down in ISO 17025. This works were completed by different types of microscopy analyses (Scanning Electron Microscope, Transmission Electron Microscope and Nanoparticle Tracking Analysis) performed in close collaboration with the German Institute of Energy and Environmental Technology e.V. (IUTA), the Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and Technology (EMPA) and Belgium Veterinary and Agrochemical Research Centre (VAR). This report summarises all technical details and discusses the assessments made.JRC.DG.I.5-Nanobioscience

Schneideinrichtung fuer Bodenproben und Verfahren zum schichtweisen Schneiden einer Bodenprobe

The objective of the invention is to facilitate the cutting of soil layers from a soil probe in an uncomplicated manner, said soil probe being treated previously in the lysimeter. According to the invention, a cutting device is provided with a cutting table (5) having a base frame (6) and a cutter plate configuration (7) and a depositing device (10) below the cutter plate configuration (7). The sample holder (1) containing the soil sample (3) is placed on the cutter plate configuration (7) and, after lowering the soil sample (3) onto the depositing device (10) by opening the cutter plate configuration (7), a soil layer (2) is cut from the soil sample (3). The invention is used for investigating soil samples

Phytoremediation - Moeglichkeiten, Kenntnisluecken und Forschungsbedarf im Hinblick auf einen Praxiseinsatz Ergebnisse und Schlussfolgerungen

The state of the art of phytoremediation was assessed, problem areas were identified, applications were outlined, and open questions were gone into. The mechanisms of pollutant uptake by plants, applications of phytoremediation, minimisation of potential hazards, conclusions from the data, and the need for further research prior to practical application were discussed.Das Fachgespraech sollte zusammentragen, welche Moeglichkeiten bestehen, bei schaedlichen Bodenveraenderungen landwirtschaftlich genutzter Boeden bestehende Gefahren durch gezielten Anbau geeigneter Pflanzen abzuwehren. Folgenden Teilziele sollten angestrebt werden: - Den Kenntnisstand zur Leistungsfaehigkeit der Phytoremediation zusammenzufassen, - die kritischen Bereiche herauszuarbeiten, die beim praktischen Einsatz besonderer Beruecksichtigung beduerfen, - Einsatzfelder aufzuzeigen, die moeglicherweise wirtschaftlich realisierbar sind, - offene, vorrangig abzuklaerende Fragen und zugehoerige Forschungsempfehlungen abzuleiten. 1. Mechanismen der Schadstoffaufnahme durch Pflanzen. Als wesentliche Schadstoffe konnten folgende Verbindungen identifiziert werden: Metallverbindungen: Cd, Cr, Cu, Zn, Ni, Pb, Tl, metall-organische Verbindungen: As, Hg, Sb, Sn, Ba (u.w.), sowie organische Verbindungen: MKWs, PAKs, HCH, Nitroaromaten, PCBs. Es wurden die Mechanismen der Schadstoffaufnahme durch Pflanzen, die Einsatzfelder der Phytoremediation, moegliche Gefahrenquellen und Minimierung, Schlussfolgerungen aus den Daten sowie Forschungsbedarf im Hinblick auf einen Praxiseinsatz diskutiert. (orig.)Available from TIB Hannover: RN 8422(2001,19) / FIZ - Fachinformationszzentrum Karlsruhe / TIB - Technische InformationsbibliothekSIGLEBundesministerium fuer Umwelt, Naturschutz und Reaktorsicherheit, Bonn (Germany)DEGerman

The Reference-Matrix Concept Applied to Chemical Testing of Soils

The concepts and philosophy on the use of reference matrices, which had been developed within an IUPAC Project on reference soils, are developed and exemplified on the example of soils. These reference matrices are intended for the assessment of extrinsic properties of chemicals. It is shown how, reference matrices together with well-established reference substances are forming a harmonised testing system, which allows extrapolating laboratory findings via the use of appropriate models to real processes defining the pathways and fate of environmental chemicals. Thus, well-defined reference matrices offer interesting perspectives of increasing environmental realism in chemical risk assessment. Given the increasing globalisation and given the implementation of new legislation in various countries, most notably in Europe (new chemical regulation ¿ REACH -, Water Framework Directive and the newly established Soil Framework Directive), there is an even greater need for having available well-defined reference matrices. This need goes along with the need to test the environmental fate and effects also new materials such as artificially nanoparticles. It is therefore to be foreseen that apart from terrestrial reference matrices, guidance on additional reference matrices like sediment and even biological materials is an issue for further research. The concept outlined in this contribution provides suitable guidelines for selecting such matrices. It is to be noted, however, that agreement on the optimal application of reference matrices and the interpretation of the results obtained in tests using reference materials, needs to be obtained between scientists, risk assessors, reference laboratories and international standardization organisations.JRC.H.5-Rural, water and ecosystem resource

Sorption-desorption of trinitrotoluene in soils: Effect of saturating metal cations

Clay minerals in soils control the sorption and mobility of nitroaromatics in munitions contaminated soils. Therefore, effect of exchangeable cations (NH4+, K+, Ca2+, and Al3+) on sorption-desorption of trinitrotoluene (TNT) was studied in two reference soils viz sandy loam and silty clay. Compared to control soils, K+ ion saturation significantly increased TNT sorption in both the soils, while other cations decreased TNT sorption. Effect of K+ saturation on sorption of TNT was more pronounced in organic matter poor sandy loam soil (seven times) then silty clay (two times). Desorption followed the reverse trend and greater amounts of sorbed TNT were retained in the K+ saturated soils

Exposition von naturnahen Oekosystemen durch luftgetragene Pflanzenschutzmittel. T. 1 Zielsetzung und Zusammenfassung der Ergebnisse

It was the aim of the study to investigate the importance of the exposure of non target natural ecosystems (ecotones) by spraydrift and volatilisation and subsequent deposition during and after application of pesticides. Outdoor experiments in crops, wine cultures and orchards were performed according to good agricultural practice measuring spraydrift, atmospheric concentrations and pesticide concentrations on non target plants. The results show that fenpropimorph, chlorthalonil, pyrimethanil and penconazol concentrations on non target plants in neighbourhood of the treated cultures may increase in the range of #mu#g/g. Dependent on climatic conditions and on the specific cultures the concentrations on non target plants may reach 10% of the concentrations of the sprayed cultures. (orig.)SIGLEAvailable from TIB Hannover: RN 8908(98-080,1) / FIZ - Fachinformationszzentrum Karlsruhe / TIB - Technische InformationsbibliothekUmweltbundesamt, Berlin (Germany); Bundesministerium fuer Umwelt, Naturschutz und Reaktorsicherheit, Bonn (Germany)DEGerman

Exposition von naturnahen Oekosystemen durch luftgetragene Pflanzenschutzmittel. T. 2 Methoden, Ergebnisse und ausfuehrliche Diskussion

SIGLEAvailable from TIB Hannover: RN 8908(98-080,2) / FIZ - Fachinformationszzentrum Karlsruhe / TIB - Technische InformationsbibliothekUmweltbundesamt, Berlin (Germany); Bundesministerium fuer Umwelt, Naturschutz und Reaktorsicherheit, Bonn (Germany)DEGerman

Weiterentwicklung eines Verfahrens zur Einstufung neuer Stoffe hinsichtlich ihrer Umweltgefaehrlichkeit. Teilbericht 1

SIGLECopy held by FIZ Karlsruhe; available from UB/TIB Hannover / FIZ - Fachinformationszzentrum Karlsruhe / TIB - Technische InformationsbibliothekDEGerman

Langzeitverhalten von mechanisch-biologisch vorbehandeltem Restmuell auf der Deponie. Entwicklung eines Parametersatzes und Risikoanalyse Abschlussbericht

SIGLEAvailable from TIB Hannover: F03B401 / FIZ - Fachinformationszzentrum Karlsruhe / TIB - Technische InformationsbibliothekBundesministerium fuer Bildung und Forschung, Berlin (Germany)DEGerman