Linking an Economic Model for European Agriculture with a Mechanistic Model to Estimate Nitrogen and Carbon Losses from Arable Soils in Europe

A comprehensive assessment of policy impact on greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions from agricultural soils requires careful consideration of both socio-economic aspects and the environmental heterogeneity of the landscape. We developed a modelling framework that links the large-scale economic model for agriculture CAPRI (Common Agricultural Policy Regional Impact assessment) with the biogeochemistry model DNDC (DeNitrification DeComposition) to simulate GHG fluxes, carbon stock changes and the nitrogen budget of agricultural soils in Europe. The framework allows the ex-ante simulation of agricultural or agri-environmental policy impacts on a wide range of environmental problems such as climate change (GHG emissions), air pollution and groundwater pollution. Those environmental impacts can be analyzed in the context of economic and social indicators as calculated by the economic model. The methodology consists of four steps: (i) definition of appropriate calculation units that can be considered as homogeneous in terms of economic behaviour and environmental response; (ii) downscaling of regional agricultural statistics and farm management information from a CAPRI simulation run into the spatial calculation units; (iii) designing environmental model scenarios and model runs; and finally (iv) aggregating results for interpretation. We show the first results of the nitrogen budget in croplands in fourteen countries of the European Union and discuss possibilities to improve the detailed assessment of nitrogen and carbon fluxes from European arable soils.JRC.H.2-Air and Climat

Linking an economic model for European agriculture with a mechanistic model to estimate nitrogen losses from cropland soil in Europe

International audienceFor the comprehensive assessment of the policy impact on greenhouse gas emissions from agricultural soils both socio-economic aspects and the environmental heterogeneity of the landscape are important factors that must be considered. We developed a modelling framework that links the large-scale economic model for agriculture CAPRI with the bio-geochemistry model DNDC to simulate greenhouse gas fluxes, carbon stock changes and the nitrogen budget of agricultural soils in Europe. The framework allows the ex-ante simulation of agricultural or agri-environmental policy impacts on wide range of environmental problems such as climate change (greenhouse gas emissions), air pollution and groundwater pollution. Those environmental impacts can be analysed in the context of economic and social indicators as calculated by the economic model. The methodology consists in four steps (i) the definition of appropriate calculation units that can be considered as homogeneous in terms of economic behaviour and environmental response; (ii) downscaling of regional agricultural statistics and farm management information from a CAPRI simulation run into the spatial calculation units; (iii) setting up of environmental model scenarios and model runs; and finally (iv) aggregating results for interpretation. We show first results of the nitrogen budget in cropland for the area of fourteen countries of the European Union. These results, in terms of estimated nitrogen fluxes, must still be considered as illustrative as needs for improvements in input data (e.g. the soil map) and management data (yield estimates) have been identified and will be the focus of future work. Nevertheless, we highlight inter-dependencies between farmer's choices of land uses and the environmental impact of different cultivation systems

Linking an economic model for European agriculture with a mechanistic model to estimate nitrogen and carbon losses from arable soils in Europe

A comprehensive assessment of policy impact on greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions from agricultural soils requires careful consideration of both socio-economic aspects and the environmental heterogeneity of the landscape. We developed a modelling framework that links the large-scale economic model for agriculture CAPRI (Common Agricultural Policy Regional Impact assessment) with the biogeochemistry model DNDC (DeNitrification DeComposition) to simulate GHG fluxes, carbon stock changes and the nitrogen budget of agricultural soils in Europe. The framework allows the ex-ante simulation of agricultural or agri-environmental policy impacts on a wide range of environmental problems such as climate change (GHG emissions), air pollution and groundwater pollution. Those environmental impacts can be analyzed in the context of economic and social indicators as calculated by the economic model. The methodology consists of four steps: (i) definition of appropriate calculation units that can be considered as homogeneous in terms of economic behaviour and environmental response; (ii) downscaling of regional agricultural statistics and farm management information from a CAPRI simulation run into the spatial calculation units; (iii) designing environmental model scenarios and model runs; and finally (iv) aggregating results for interpretation. We show the first results of the nitrogen budget in croplands in fourteen countries of the European Union and discuss possibilities to improve the detailed assessment of nitrogen and carbon fluxes from European arable soils

Quality control of CarboEurope flux data – Part I: Footprint analyses to evaluate sites in forest ecosystems

International audienceWe applied a site evaluation approach combining Lagrangian Stochastic footprint modelling with a quality assessment approach for eddy-covariance data to 25 forested sites of the CarboEurope-IP network. The analysis addresses the spatial representativeness of the flux measurements, instrumental effects on data quality, spatial patterns in the data quality, and the performance of the coordinate rotation method. Our findings demonstrate that application of a footprint filter could strengthen the CarboEurope-IP flux database, since only one third of the sites is situated in truly homogeneous terrain. Almost half of the sites experience a significant reduction in eddy-covariance data quality under certain conditions, though these effects are mostly constricted to a small portion of the dataset. Reductions in data quality of the sensible heat flux are mostly induced by characteristics of the surrounding terrain, while the latent heat flux is subject to instrumentation-related problems. The Planar-Fit coordinate rotation proved to be a reliable tool for the majority of the sites using only a single set of rotation angles. Overall, we found a high average data quality for the CarboEurope-IP network, with good representativeness of the measurement data for the specified target land cover types

Quality Control of CarboEurope Flux Data - Part I: Coupling Footprint Analyses with Flux Data Quality Assessment to Evaluate Sites in Forest Ecosystems

We applied a site evaluation approach combining Lagrangian Stochastic footprint modelling with a quality assessment approach for eddy-covariance data to 25 forested sites of the CarboEurope-IP network. The analysis addresses the spatial representativeness 5 of the flux measurements, instrumental effects on data quality, spatial patterns in the data quality, and the performance of the coordinate rotation method. Our findings demonstrate that application of a footprint filter could strengthen the CarboEurope-IP flux database, since only one third of the sites is situated in truly homogeneous terrain. Almost half of the sites experience a significant reduction in eddy-covariance data 10 quality under certain conditions, though these effects are mostly constricted to a small portion of the dataset. Reductions in data quality of the sensible heat flux are mostly induced by characteristics of the surrounding terrain, while the latent heat flux is subject to instrumentation-related problems. The Planar-Fit coordinate rotation proved to be a reliable tool for the majority of the sites using only a single set of rotation angles. 15 Overall, we found a high average data quality for the CarboEurope-IP network, with good representativeness of the measurement data for the specified target land cover types.JRC.H.2-Air and Climat

Landnutzung und digitale topographische Kartierung in Europa Endbericht

Within the EUROTRAC Subproject GENEMIS from numerous sources a land use data has been compiled. This database is used by the GENEMIS, EURAD and BIATEX Subprojects for modelling purposes. It covers the area between latitudes 36 degree West and 56 degree East and longitudes 29 degree North and 75 degree North. The map projection is geographic at the resolution of 1 Minute by 1 Minute. The database consists of land use data with 14 land use categories, digital elevation model and other data, such as soil maps etc. For modelling biogenic emissions by the BIATEX subproject a database depicting the areas of major tree species has been compiled. For the area of the former UdSSR data based on the NUTS 3 Regions (EUROSTAT) has been provided. For other regions in Europe the forest data was estimated on the base of the predominant tree species. The forest data is available in both 50 km by 50 km and 150 km by 150 km EMEP grids. In a study the measured leaf area index (LAI) of different forests stands has been correlated with the vegetation index (VI) derived from Landsat Thematic Mapper imagery. (orig.)SIGLEAvailable from TIB Hannover: F96B1545+a / FIZ - Fachinformationszzentrum Karlsruhe / TIB - Technische InformationsbibliothekBundesministerium fuer Bildung, Wissenschaft, Forschung und Technologie, Bonn (Germany)DEGerman

Kritische Luftschadstoff-Konzentration und Eintragsraten sowie ihre Ueberschreitung fuer Wald und Agraroekosysteme sowie naturnahe waldfreie Oekosysteme. T. 1: Deposition Loads 1987-1989 und 1993-1995 Endbericht

Methods, data and results of - the national scale approach of assessing wet, dry and total deposition on an ecosystem level, and - a summary of Critical Loads and Critical Loads Exceedance calculations for Potential Acidity and Nutrient Nitrogen in German are presented. Dry deposition was modelled within a separate project at the National Institute of Public Health and the Environment (RIVM), Bilthoven, the Netherlands. A detailed description of the dry deposition modelling and of the data used are presented in a final report (BMU/UBA FE-Nr. 108 03 081/RIVM Report No. 722108027). (orig.)Es werden Methoden, Eingangsdaten und Modellergebnisse der Erfassung von Eintragsraten der Nass- Trocken- und Gesamtdeposition vorgestellt. Die Berechnung von Critical Loads und deren Ueberschreitung fuer potentielle Saeure-und eutrophierende Stickstoffeintraege in Deutschland wird in einer kurzen Zusammenfassung praesentiert. Die zur Berechnung der Gesamtdepotion benoetigt trockene Deposition im vorliegenden Bericht sind Modellergebnisse, die im Rahmen eines Auftrages des Umweltbundesamtes (BMU/UBA, FE-Nr. 108 03 081/RIVM Report No. 722108027) am National Institute of Public Health and the Environment (RIVM), Bilthoven, Niederlande, erarbeitet und am Institut fuer Navigation weiterverarbeitet wurden. (orig.)Available from TIB Hannover: RN 8908(2000,82,1) / FIZ - Fachinformationszzentrum Karlsruhe / TIB - Technische InformationsbibliothekSIGLEBundesministerium fuer Umwelt, Naturschutz und Reaktorsicherheit, Bonn (Germany)DEGerman

Kritische Luftschadstoff-Konzentration und Eintragsraten sowie ihre Ueberschreitung fuer Wald und Agraroekosysteme sowie naturnahe waldfreie Oekosysteme. T. 2: Kartierung von Critical Levels Endbericht

Part 2 refers to air concentration and exceedances of Critical Levels of O_3, SO_2, and NO_x in the years 1985-1995. The receptors 'agricultural crops', 'forests' and 'natural ecosystems' have been taken into account. (orig.)Teil 2: beschreibt die Methoden und Datengrundlagen der Berechnung und flaechenhaften Kartierung von Luftschadstoffkonzentrationen und die Ueberschreitung von Critical Levels fuer die Schadgase O_3, SO_2 und NO_x, bezogen auf die Rezeptoren landwirtschaftliche Nutzpflanzen, Wald- und naturnahe Oekosysteme im Zeitraum 1985 bis 1995. (orig.)Available from TIB Hannover: RN 8908(2000,82,2) / FIZ - Fachinformationszzentrum Karlsruhe / TIB - Technische InformationsbibliothekSIGLEBundesministerium fuer Umwelt, Naturschutz und Reaktorsicherheit, Bonn (Germany)DEGerman