Student Views of a Caring Teacher in an Undergraduate English Language Classroom in Russia

The study has sought to find out how undergraduate students in a Russian university perceive caring attributes of their English teachers. Thirty-four students, all enrolled in the first and second year of university studies participated in this research. Open-ended surveys were used to collect the data. Analysis of the responses revealed that on one hand, students see themselves as largely responsible for success in learning English, emphasizing such qualities as study habits and desire to achieve. On the other hand, the results point out to the fact that students clearly understand that having pedagogical and content knowledge is not enough for the teacher to be effective. Students want and need to see a teacher as a caring professional, not simply a vessel of knowledge. However, as the results indicate, there is a disconnect between what students want to see in a teacher in terms of caring characteristics and what they actually see in the classroom, as many of the students surveyed could not illustrate how caring traits they identified as desirable in a university teacher are actually played out in their classrooms

Analysis of the quality of diagnosis and treatment of primary headache in different social groups of the Ural Region

Objective: to analyze the quality of diagnosis and treatment of primary headache (HA) in different social groups of the Ural Region. Patients and methods. The study enrolled 3124 persons who were divided into three groups: 1) 1042 students; of them there were 719 women; mean age 20.6 years; range 17–40 years; 2) 1075 workers; of them there were 146 women; mean age 40.4 years; range 21–67 years; 3) 1007 blood donors; of them there were 484 women; mean age, 34.1 years; range 18–64 years. Semi-structured interviews involving the characteristics of HA and its prior diagnosis and treatment were conducted face-to-face in all those included in the study. HA was diagnosed using the International Classification of Headache Disorders, 3rd edition, beta version. Results and discussion. The following factors decreasing the quality of diagnosis and treatment of HA were identified in all the study groups: 1) low physician visit rates. Despite the high prevalence of all types of primary HA in 3 groups (67%), only 496 (23%) out of 2110 participants with HA visited their physician with this problem. Among the patients with HA, physicians were visited most often by 342 (35%) out of 968 students, least often by 60 (13%) out of 457 workers and by 94 (14%) out of 685 donors; 2) inadequate diagnosis of HA. Only 12 and 11.7% of the patients were correctly diagnosed with migraine and tension HA (THA), respectively; 3) the practically complete absence of preventive treatment for HA. The majority of patients used drugs to arrest HA attacks; preventive treatment for migraine was performed in 2 (0.4%) and not performed in any of the patients with THA. It is necessary to improve the diagnosis and treatment of primary HA and to elaborate new Russian clinical guidelines for patient management on the basis of international standards

C9orf16 (BBLN) gene, encoding a member of Hero proteins, is a novel marker in ischemic stroke risk

To investigate an association between a single nucleotide polymorphism rs2900262 in the gene encoding C9orf16 and predisposition to I

Genome assembly using quantum and quantum-inspired annealing

Recent advances in DNA sequencing open prospects to make whole-genome analysis rapid and reliable, which is promising for various applications including personalized medicine. However, existing techniques for {\it de novo} genome assembly, which is used for the analysis of genomic rearrangements, chromosome phasing, and reconstructing genomes without a reference, require solving tasks of high computational complexity. Here we demonstrate a method for solving genome assembly tasks with the use of quantum and quantum-inspired optimization techniques. Within this method, we present experimental results on genome assembly using quantum annealers both for simulated data and the $\phi$X 174 bacteriophage. Our results pave a way for an increase in the efficiency of solving bioinformatics problems with the use of quantum computing and, in particular, quantum annealing. We expect that the new generation of quantum annealing devices would outperform existing techniques for {\it de novo} genome assembly. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first experimental study of de novo genome assembly problems both for real and synthetic data on quantum annealing devices and quantum-inspired techniques.Comment: 9 pages, 4 figure

Polymorphism of SERF2, the gene encoding a heat-resistant obscure (Hero) protein with chaperone activity, is a novel link in ischemic stroke

Ischemic stroke (IS) is one of the most serious cardiovascular events associated with high risk of death or disability. The growing body of evidence highlights molecular chaperones as especially important players in the pathogenesis of the disease. Since six small proteins called “Hero” have been recently identified as a novel class of chaperones we aimed to evaluate whether SNP rs4644832 in SERF2 gene encoding the member of Hero-proteins, is associated with the risk of I

Prevalence of migraine and tension type headache in the world (literature review)

This literature review included modem data about prevalence of migraine and tension type headache in different countries of the world. We used Russian and English language full text articles which were translated in Russian. We included publications related to this topic from 1990 till 2015 years. Analysis of literature data revealed that primary headache disorders have high prevalence in the world, besides they have differences in prevalence in different countries.В представленном литературном обзоре приведены современные данные о распространенности мигрени и головных болей напряжения в различных странах мира. Для составления литературного обзора использовались русскоязычные, а также англоязычные полнотекстовые статьи, которые были переведены на русский язык. В обзор включены статьи с 1990 до 2015 года, относящиеся к данной теме. Анализ данных литературы свидетельствует о высокой распространенности первичных головных во всем мире и о наличии различий между странами

Общественная опасность преступления: понятие и критерии верификации

The subject. The article reveals theoretical, lexical and logical approaches to determining the essence of the public danger of crime.The purpose of the article is to confirm or dispute hypothesis that the public danger of crime as a legal or theoretical construction represents the possibility of negative changes in society; public danger is an exclusive social feature of criminal acts. The authors also aim to develop a system of verifiable criteria for public danger.The methodology of the research is an objective assessment of the public danger as legal category. It is performed selecting a system of verified factors of public danger on the basis of analysis and synthesis, induction and deduction, interpretation of legal literature.The main results, scope of application. The meaning of the legal definition of a crime contains the purpose of preventing possible harm to society stipulated in the criminal law. This fact is due to the preventive task (part 1 of article 2 of the Russian Criminal Code). The public danger of crime as a phenomenon of objective reality is meaningless, since the crime is the negative changes and harm that has occurred. The social danger of crime creates a shock to the foundations of society, undermines the conditions of its existence. Other ("non-criminal") offenses that contradict the established law and order in the state do not threaten the basic system of social values. Intersectoral differentiation of legal responsibility should have transitivity, which includes a rule: the degree of repression of coercive measures within various branches of law meets the rules of hierarchy. Mandatory signs of public danger of a crime are that the act: 1) affects significant social relations that need criminal legal protection from causing harm to them by socially dangerous behavior; 2) has a harmful potential that is fraught with causing significant harm or creating a threat of causing such harm to the object of criminal legal protection; 3) results in socially dangerous consequences; 4) is characterized by the guilty attitude of the subject to the deed, expressed in the form of intent or carelessness. Optional criteria of public danger of act are: the characteristics of the crime and characteristics of victim; method of committing a crime; the time, place, atmosphere, instruments and means of committing the crime; the motive; the object of the crime; special characteristics of the perpetrator. The quantitative indicators (size, severity, or other value) of the subject of the offense and its socially dangerous consequences, as well as the repetition of the act and the presence of a special recidivism of crimes should not be used as criteria for public danger of behavior.Conclusions. Public danger is a social feature exclusively of criminal acts (crimes and potential criminal misdemeanors); all other types of offenses are harmful to the interests of society, but they do not pose a danger to it. To exclude competition between criminal and administrative responsibility, it is necessary to take into account the public danger of the crime on the basis of verifiable factors.Раскрываются теоретические, лексические и логические подходы к определению сущности общественной опасности преступления, проводится объективизация данной уголовно-правовой категории посредством выявления системы верифицированных факторов и тем самым формируется представление об основании дифференциации преступлений и административных правонарушений, а равно юридической ответственности за их совершение. Отмечается, что общественная опасность преступления как законодательной или теоретической конструкции представляет собой возможность негативных изменений в обществе, которые определены в самом уголовном законе, и в этом смысле преступление опасно. Общественная опасность преступления как факта действительности лишена смысла, поскольку преступление - и есть негативные изменения и наступивший вред. Выделяются обязательные и факультативные признаки общественной опасности. Делается вывод о том, что в качестве критериев общественной опасности поведения не должны выступать количественные показатели (размер, тяжесть, иная величина) предмета посягательства и его общественно опасных последствий, а равно повторность совершения деяния и наличие специального рецидива преступлений

Psycho-social factors associated with primary headache disorders in students of medical university

The purpose of our study was analysis of prevalence of different psycho-social factors associated with primary headache disorders in students of medical university. Methods: The study population consisted of 1042 students (719females, 323 males, mean age 20.6, range 17-40). All were interviewed using a semi-structured validated interview conducted by a neurologist or by trained senior medical students. This interview included 4 parts: 1) personal data; 2) detailed characteristics of headache; 3) information about factors associated with primary headache disorders and 4) previous consultation, diagnosis and treatment of headache. Psycho-social factors included: dissatisfaction by study, dissatisfaction by family life, dissatisfaction by personal reasons, bad financial situation, overwork, stress, not enough sleep, insomnia, depressed mood, anxiety, irritability, tendency to conflicts, not being married. Results: It was revealed that 968 (93%) students had migraine or tension type headache. We found the flowing statistically significant factors associated with primary headache disorders in students: overwork (66%), not enough sleep (72%), depressed mood (33%), anxiety (27%), irritability (52%), tendency to conflicts (16%) and dissatisfaction by study (34%). Dissatisfaction by personal reasons (8%) and stress (17%) were associated with migraine only. We revealed sex-related differences in prevalence of these factors. Many of them were prevailed in females. Conclusion: Psycho-social factors have important significance in the development of primary headache disorders in students. Their correction is necessary for reduction of prevalence of primary headache disorders and their prevention.Целью настоящей работы была оценка распространенности различных психосоциальных факторов при наличии мигреней и головных болей напряжения у студентов медицинского университета. Материалы и методы. Исследование включало 1042 студентов 1-6 курса, из них 719 женщины (средний возраст 20,6, возрастной интервал 17-40 лет) и 323 мужчины (средний возраст 20.9, возрастной интервал 17-38 лет). Все лица, включенные в исследование, были проинтервьюированы с использованием полуструктурированного интервью, проведенного лицом к лицу. Оно включало 4 части: 1) персональные данные: 2) детальные характеристики головных болей; 3) информацию о факторах риска развития головных болей; 4) предшествующее консультирование по поводу головных болей, предшествующий диагноз и лечение головных болей. Психосоциальные факторы включали: личную неудовлетворенность, неудовлетворенность семейной жизнью, неудовлетворенность учебой, плохую финансовою ситуацию, семейное положение, стресс, переутомление, недостаток сна, бессонницу, пониженное настроение, тревожность, раздражительность, склонность к конфликтам. Результаты. Из 1042 студентов-медиков 968 (93%) страдали мигренью или головными болями напряжения. Выявлены следующие статистически значимые психосоциальные факторы, связанные с первичными головными болями у студентов: переутомление (у 642,66%), недостаток сна (у 695,72%), пониженное настроение (у 318.33%). тревожность (у 261.27%), раздражительность (у 509,52%), склонность к конфликтам (у 160,16%) и неудовлетворенность учебой (у 332,34%). Личная неудовлетворенность (у 77, 8%) и наличие стресса (у 167,17%) были связаны только с мигренью. Обнаружены различия в этих факторах, связанные с полом. Многие из них превалировали у женщин. Вывод: Психосоциальные факторы имеют важное значение в развитии первичных головных болей у студентов. Их коррекция необходима для снижения распространенности головных болей и их профилактики