Subcellular Distribution of Mitochondrial Ribosomal RNA in the Mouse Oocyte and Zygote

Mitochondrial ribosomal RNAs (mtrRNAs) have been reported to translocate extra-mitochondrially and localize to the germ cell determinant of oocytes and zygotes in some metazoa except mammals. To address whether the mtrRNAs also localize in the mammals, expression and distribution of mitochondrion-encoded RNAs in the mouse oocytes and zygotes was examined by whole-mount in situ hybridization (ISH). Both 12S and 16S rRNAs were predominantly distributed in the animal hemisphere of the mature oocyte. This distribution pattern was rearranged toward the second polar body in zygotes after fertilization. The amount of mtrRNAs decreased around first cleavage, remained low during second cleavage and increased after third cleavage. Staining intensity of the 12S rRNA was weaker than that of the 16S rRNA throughout the examined stages. Similar distribution dynamics of the 16S rRNA was observed in strontium-activated haploid parthenotes, suggesting the distribution rearrangement does not require a component from sperm. The distribution of 16S rRNAs did not coincide with that of mitochondrion-specific heat shock protein 70, suggesting that the mtrRNA is translocated from mitochondria. The ISH-scanning electron microscopy confirms the extra-mitochondrial mtrRNA in the mouse oocyte. Chloramphenicol (CP) treatment of late pronuclear stage zygotes perturbed first cleavage as judged by the greater than normal disparity in size of blastomeres of 2-cell conceptuses. Two-third of the CP-treated zygotes arrested at either 2-cell or 3-cell stage even after the CP was washed out. These findings indicate that the extra-mitochondrial mtrRNAs are localized in the mouse oocyte and implicated in correct cytoplasmic segregation into blastomeres through cleavages of the zygote

ワガクニ ニ オケル ヨボウ イガクテキ イリョウ ギジュツ ノ ヒヨウ コウカセイ ニ カンスル ケンキュウ : コツソショウショウ ケンシン ト スタチン イチジ ヨボウ チリョウ オ レイ ニ シテ

京都大学0048新制・課程博士博士(医学)甲第11436号医博第2859号新制||医||894(附属図書館)23079UT51-2005-D186京都大学大学院医学研究科内科系専攻(主査)教授 今中 雄一, 教授 佐藤 俊哉, 教授 福原 俊一学位規則第4条第1項該当Doctor of Medical ScienceKyoto UniversityDA

The most requested factors in clinical skills exams for evaluating novice physicians: an internet-based survey of the general public in Japan

Background: Clinical skills tests have been added to the national medical licensure examinations in Canada, the U. S., Korea and Switzerland. Adding a clinical skills test to the Japanese national medical licensure examination should also be considered under the Medical Practitioners Act. On the other hand, such tests might be costly and represent an economic burden to the nation's citizens. Thus, it is appropriate to obtain the opinion of the general public for the introduction of such tests. Although a clinical skills test can measure various competencies, it remains uncertain as to what should be measured. In this study, we aimed to ascertain public opinion regarding the clinical skills demanded of novice physicians. Methods: We conducted an internet-based survey of the general public in Japan. We randomly selected 7,213 people aged 20 to 69 years. The main topics surveyed included: whether the Japanese government should add a skills test to the existing national medical licensure examination; what kind of skills should be included in this test; and who should pay for the examination. Results: Of 3,093 (1,531 men and 1,562 women) people who completed the questionnaire (completion rate 42.9%), 90.5% (n = 2,800) responded that a clinical skills test should be part of the national medical licensure examination. The main skills which respondents thought should be included were "explaining and discussing medical issues in an appropriate manner to patients" (n = 2,176, 70.4%), "accurately diagnosing problems by conducting a physical examination" (n = 1,984, 64.1%), and "carefully interviewing patients to make a diagnosis" (n = 1,663; 53.8%). Three-fifths of the respondents (n = 1,900; 61.4%) responded that more than half of the cost of the examination should be paid by the Japanese government. Conclusions: The majority of respondents indicated that a clinical skills test should be added to the national medical licensure examination. These respondents who represent the general public were requesting the verification of communication, diagnostic interview and diagnostic physical examination skills. Medical educators should incorporate these public requests, and teach and assess medical students accordingly

TRANSCRIPTIONAL REGULATION OF Il9r IN RADIATION-INDUCED MOUSE T-CELL LYMPHOMA CELL LINE

Interleukin-9 (IL-9) is a multifunctional cytokine secreted from TH2 cell. Besides its role during immune and inflammatory responses, its growth promoting and antiapoptotic activities on multiple transformed cells suggest a potential role in tumorigenesis. We previously reported the over-expression and activation of the receptor of IL-9 (IL-9R) in radiation-induced T-cell leukemia (TL) of mice. However, the transcriptional regulation of murine IL-9R gene (Il9r) is rarely reported in T-lineage cells. In this study we established an Il9r-highly-expressing TL cell line and detected the promoter region located at -410 ~ -487 bp upstream translation start codon. EMSA and ChIP assay suggested that chromatin associated with this region was highly acetylated and that TBP was bound in vivo.KTCC 2009 International Worksho

Regulation of IL-9R expression in T-cell lymphoma cell line

ABSTRACT Background: Interleukin-9 (IL-9) is a multifunctional cytokine secreted from Th2 cells. Besides its role in the immune and inflammatory responses, its growth promoting and antiapoptotic activities in multiple transformed cells suggest a potential role in tumorigenesis. The receptor of IL-9 (IL-9R) is not usually expressed in normal thymocytes except for fetal or newborn thymocytes. We previously reported that IL-9R is unusually overexpressed and activated in radiation-induced mouse T-cell lymphomas (TL) which is an animal model of human T-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia. These results suggest that IL-9R could be considered as an oncofetal antigen which could be used as a biomarker for diagnosis or treatment of T-cell leukemias. We have extended our study on the transcriptional regulation mechanism of IL-9R gene (Il9r). \nMaterials and Methods: We established an Il9r-highly-expressing TL cell line and examined the promoter activity with luciferase reporter assay. \nResults and Discussion: We found that promoter regulatory region was located at a 5\u27 AT-rich region from -410 bp to -487 bp upstream translation start site. The results from electrophoretic mobility shift assay (EMSA), liquid chromatography mass spectrometric mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) and chromatin immunoprecipitation (ChIP) assay revealed that the histone H4 is hyperacetylated and nucleolin was associated to the promoter region in lymphoma cells.KIDS workshop 2009 in NIRS - IAEA NIRS Joint Workshop & NIRS Symposium on Radiation Protection for Childre