PARTISIPASI MASYARAKAT DALAM PEMBANGUNAN DI DESA WOLOTELU KECAMATAN MAUPONGGO KABUPATEN NAGEKEO

Tingkat partisipasi dalam pembangunan masih terbatas, misalnya masih sebatas peran serta fisik tanpa berperan secara luas sejak perencanaan sampai evaluasi. Pemerintah berperan dominan sejak dari perencanaan hingga pelaksanaan program atau proyek pembangunan. Adapun rumusan permasalahan dalam penelitian ini sebagai berikut: bagaimana Partisipasi Masyarakat dalam Pelaksanaan Pembangunan di Desa Wolotelu, Kecamatan Mauponggo, Kabupaten Nagekeo dan apa saja Faktor-faktor apa yang mempengaruhi tingkat partisipasi masyarakat dalam pembangunan di Desa Wolotelu Kecamatan Mauponggo Kabupaten Negekeo?. Pendekatan yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah pendekatan kualitatif dengan teknik pengumpulan data yang dilakukan adalah: wawancara, observasi, dan dokumentasi, sedangkan analisis data yang digunakan adalah reduksi data, penyajian data, penarikan data dan penarikan kesimpulan. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa (1) tingkat partisipasi masyarakat dalam pembangunan di Desa Wolotelu Kecamatan Mauponggo Kabupaten Negekeo, partisipasi masyarakat dalam implementasi/pelaksanaan program pembangunan desa pada umumnya sudah cukup baik, yang diwujudkan dengan keikutsertaan masyarakat memberikan dukungan dana baik yang sudah ditetapkan dalam musyawarah desa maupun secara sukarela; keikutsertaan dalam memberikan dukungan tenaga; dan keikutsrtaan dalam kegiatan gorong royong untuk pelaksanaan suatu program pembangunan desa yang sudah ditetapkan bersama. Seperti perbaikan jalan dan pembangunan drainase. (2) Faktor-faktor apa yang mempengaruhi tingkat partisipasi masyarakat dalam pembangunan di Desa Wolotelu Kecamatan Mauponggo Kabupaten Negekeo sebagai berikut (a) faktor pendidikan, (b) tingkat ekonomi, dan (c) faktor pendekata

Conformal Moduli and b-c Pictures for NSR Strings

We explore the geometry of the superconformal moduli of the NSR superstring theory in order to construct the consistent sigma-model for the NSR strings, free of picture-changing ambiguities. The sigma-model generating functional is constructed by the integration over the bosonic and anticommuting moduli, corresponding to insertions of the vertex operators in scattering amplitudes. In particular, the integration over the bosonic moduli results in the appearance of picture-changing operators for the b-c system. Important example of the b-c pictures involves the unintegrated and integrated forms of the vertex operators. We derive the BRST-invariant expressions for the b-c picture-changing operators for open and closed strings and study some of their properties. We also show that the superconformal moduli spaces of the NSR superstring theory contain the global singularities, leading to the appearance of non-perturbative solitonic D-brane creation operators.Comment: 22 pages, references adde

Fluid Dynamics of NSR Strings

We show that the renormalization group flows of the massless superstring modes in the presence of fluctuating D-branes satisfy the equations of fluid dynamics.In particular, we show that the D-brane's U(1) field is related to the velocity function in the Navier-Stokes equation while the dilaton plays the role of the passive scalar advected by the turbulent flow. This leads us to suggest a possible isomorphism between the off-shell superstring theory in the presence of fluctuating branes and the fluid mechanical degrees of freedom.Comment: 24 pages Dedicated to the memory of Ian Koga

Multiplicity dependence of identical particle correlations in the quantum optical approach

Identical particle correlations at fixed multiplicity are consideres in the presence of chaotic and coherent fields. The multiplicity distribution, one-particle momentum density, and two-particle correlation function are obtained based on the diagrammatic representation for cmulants in semi-inclusive events. Our formulation is applied to the analysis of the experimental data on the multiplicity dependence of correlation functions reported by the UA1 and the OPAL Collaborations.Comment: 14 pages, 7 figure

Treatment with pyrophosphate inhibits uremic vascular calcification

Pyrophosphate, which may be deficient in advanced renal failure, is a potent inhibitor of vascular calcification. To explore its use as a potential therapeutic, we injected exogenous pyrophosphate subcutaneously or intraperitoneally in normal rats and found that their plasma pyrophosphate concentrations peaked within 15 min. There was a single exponential decay with a half-life of 33 min. The kinetics were indistinguishable between the two routes of administration or in anephric rats. The effect of daily intraperitoneal pyrophosphate injections on uremic vascular calcification was then tested in rats fed a high-phosphate diet containing adenine for 28 days to induce uremia. Although the incidence of aortic calcification varied and was not altered by pyrophosphate, the calcium content of calcified aortas was significantly reduced by 70%. Studies were repeated in uremic rats given calcitriol to produce more consistent aortic calcification and treated with sodium pyrophosphate delivered intraperitoneally in a larger volume of glucose-containing solution to prolong plasma pyrophosphate levels. This maneuver significantly reduced both the incidence and amount of calcification. Quantitative histomorphometry of bone samples after double-labeling with calcein indicated that there was no effect of pyrophosphate on the rates of bone formation or mineralization. Thus, exogenous pyrophosphate can inhibit uremic vascular calcification without producing adverse effects on bone

Parton Branching in Color Mutation Model

The soft production problem in hadronic collisions as described in the eikonal color mutation branching model is improved in the way that the initial parton distribution is treated. Furry branching of the partons is considered as a means of describing the nonperturbative process of parton reproduction in soft interaction. The values of all the moments, and $C_q$, for q=2,...,5, as well as their energy dependences can be correctly determined by the use of only two parameters.Comment: 8 pages (LaTeX) + 2 figures (ps files), submitted to Phys. Rev.

Characteristics of alpha projectile fragments emission in interaction of nuclei with emulsion

The properties of the relativistic alpha fragments produced in interactions of 84^Kr at around 1 A GeV in nuclear emulsion are investigated. The experimental results are compared with the similar results obtained from various projectiles with emulsion interactions at different energies. The total, partial nuclear cross-sections and production rates of alpha fragmentation channels in relativistic nucleus-nucleus collisions and their dependence on the mass number and initial energy of the incident projectile nucleus are investigated. The yields of multiple alpha fragments emitted from the interactions of projectile nuclei with the nuclei of light, medium and heavy target groups of emulsion-detector are discussed and they indicate that the projectile-breakup mechanism seems to be free from the target mass number. It is found that the multiplicity distributions of alpha fragments are well described by the Koba-Nielsen-Olesen (KNO) scaling presentation. The mean multiplicities of the freshly produced newly created charged secondary particles, normally known as shower and secondary particles associated with target in the events where the emission of alpha fragments were accompanied by heavy projectile fragments having Z value larger than 4 seem to be constant as the alpha fragments multiplicity increases, and exhibit a behavior independent of the alpha fragments multiplicity.Comment: 33 pages, 8 figures and 3 tables (in press

On kinematics and dynamics of independent pion emission

Multiparticle boson states, proposed recently for 'independently' emitted pions in heavy ion collisions, are reconsidered in standard second quantized formalism and shown to emerge from a simplistic chaotic current dynamics. Compact equations relate the density operator, the generating functional of multiparticle counts, and the correlator of the external current to each other. 'Bose-Einstein-condensation' is related to the external pulse. A quantum master equation is advocated for future Monte-Carlo simulations.Comment: 10 pages LaTeX, Sec.7 adde

Novel Scaling Behavior for the Multiplicity Distribution under Second-Order Quark-Hadron Phase Transition

Deviation of the multiplicity distribution $P_q$ in small bin from its Poisson counterpart $p_q$ is studied within the Ginzburg-Landau description for second-order quark-hadron phase transition. Dynamical factor $d_q\equiv P_q/p_q$ for the distribution and ratio $D_q\equiv d_q/d_1$ are defined, and novel scaling behaviors between $D_q$ are found which can be used to detect the formation of quark-gluon plasma. The study of $d_q$ and $D_q$ is also very interesting for other multiparticle production processes without phase transition.Comment: 4 pages in revtex, 5 figures in eps format, will be appeared in Phys. Rev.