The Role Of Multipurpose Cooperatives In Social And Economic Empowerment, Gambella Town, Ethiopia

The study was conducted in Gambella town South Western part of Ethiopia with the objectives: (1) Assessment of the role of multipurpose cooperatives in social and economic empowerment. (2) To study the status of multipurpose cooperatives and its contribution to the socio-economic empowerment of their members. (3) And to introduces some useful concepts from the background, result and discussion of the study: The performance of multipurpose primary cooperatives, know-how about benefit of the MPCs and the members’ participation which indicate interpersonal relationship between the members and non-members who are the users of MPCs and participative behavior in its governance. It investigates the policies that the multipurpose cooperatives used regarding the socio-economic empowerment of their members and non-members. The results showed that there is poor administration which had prevented the effectives facilitating of the role of multipurpose cooperative to bring change on the economic empowerment to the members, non-members and their participation in the governance of multipurpose cooperatives. It also observed the perceptive or affective natures of members and non-members expectation which could lead them to the success of their economic empowerment. The study was designed to assess the role of multipurpose cooperatives in social and economic empowerment, the social and economic role of cooperatives is ensured through voicing of common goals via cooperative that there was a transformation of the socio-economic empowerment through making many development activities by providing credit services to the members and non-members who get services from cooperatives. Multipurpose primary cooperatives were consider that they have enough capital to make a positive activities to change members and non-members socio economic, the sample size that was selected are 98 members and 89 non-members from ten multipurpose cooperatives in the study area, the interviewees provided many answer a necessary information that prevent their marketing service or activities. ’The factors that hind the development of multipurpose cooperatives which prevent an economic growth of members and non-members, it was identifies by both side, therefore, the government interference and lack of capital and other issues, three basic weaknesses are, economic feasibility of the major activities must be accepted, this was due to the problems from cooperative leadership and management capacity, and the lack of democratic control by the members. As indicated that one major cause of this has been outside interference and control the activities of the multipurpose cooperatives society. A weak objectivity dishonorable of important of benefit of the multipurpose cooperatives is one fundamental problem that has threatened their feasibility and development potential. the study also show many problem such as, Lack of good security in the area, tribalism and political interference, lack of awareness, low participation of members to the management system are the main factor that hinder the development of the cooperatives, moreover, regional government should carry out awareness and provides loans to all multipurpose cooperatives, as a system of cost reduction, and to re-organized all failures of multipurpose cooperatives societies in the way how the cooperatives principles are follows

Factors Affecting Internal Efficiency of Primary Schools In Nuer Zone of Gambella Regional State

The general objective of this study was to assess the internal efficiency of primary schools of Nuer Zone of Gambella Regional State. The study endeavors to identify the major trends that may affect positively or negatively, primary education efficiency of the zone. To achieve these objective descriptive research studies was conducted. The quantitative data was collected from principals, unit leaders, department heads by using available sampling and teachers using simple random sampling, annual abstracts and report through questionnaires were presented, analyzed and interpreted by using standard deviation frequency count, mean, grand mean and percentage. Qualitative data was collected from students and parents by using focused group discussion and interview. Parents were selected using purposive sampling and that of student using simple random sampling. Ten primary schools were selected randomly which comprised (13%) of the total primary schools. The zonal trend of dropout rate and repetition rate of upper primary schools was showing oscillating with varying increase and decrease over the years but it ended up with an increasing trend, whereas the trend of dropout rate increased in 2012/13 by 0.98% and that of repetition rate trend increase by 1.85% in 2012/13 respectively. The average grand mean of 10 sampled primary schools showed increased trend of dropout rate by 0.56% and that of repetition increased by 1.60%. Based on the research finding, some of the major factors causing for students dropout rate and repetition were; students over age group; principals, teachers, unit leaders and department heads have low education academics background; most parents are illiterate and with low standard of living; the long distance from home to school, students family standard of living, shortage of school facilities and involvement in family work were mentioned as the major challenging factors for dropout. High students section ratio, students- teachers’ ratios and lack of adequate student text books were the major challenging factors for repetition. To solve these problems, the researcher recommends actions in order to enhance parent literacy and awareness raising program; enhanced schools facilities and resources and limiting the student’s involvement in family work were the major ones. Finally, zonal education office, woreda education offices and schools administrators have to work hard and provide serious follow up to make schools show continuous trend in decreasing student dropout and repetition.Jimma Universit

A study of hot shortness in steels

In this investigation an attempt was made to study the deformation of a number of laboratory-melted and commercial steels. A compressive load was applied to the steels at constant temperature and also during heating. The amounts and rates of deformation in these two types of tests was not consistent: in the constant temperature tests the hot short steels deformed more than the others while they appeared to deform less during heating. Metallographic examination of the sulfides indicated that the sulfides in cast steel are not stable and that they change during heating and hot working --Introduction, page 2

SEARCH FOR NEUTRINO OSCILLATION AT BUGEY

The high flux of low energy [MATH]e produced by the core of a PWR reactor of Bugey power plant has been used to search for evidence of neutrino oscillations through the inverse beta decay reaction [MATH]e + p → e+ + n. Measurements have been performed at two distances (13.5 and 18.5m). About 50 000 [MATH]e events have been collected at the first position and 25 000 [MATH]e events at the second one. Data analysis is almost completed

Sub MeV Particles Detection and Identification in the MUNU detector ((1)ISN, IN2P3/CNRS-UJF, Grenoble, France, (2)Institut de Physique, Neuch\^atel, Switzerland, (3) INFN, Padova Italy, (4) Physik-Institut, Z\"{u}rich, Switzerland)

We report on the performance of a 1 m$^{3}$ TPC filled with CF$_{4}$ at 3 bar, immersed in liquid scintillator and viewed by photomultipliers. Particle detection, event identification and localization achieved by measuring both the current signal and the scintillation light are presented. Particular features of $\alpha$ particle detection are also discussed. Finally, the ${54}$Mn photopeak, reconstructed from the Compton scattering and recoil angle is shown.Comment: Latex, 19 pages, 20 figure

Limits on the neutrino magnetic moment from the MUNU experiment

The MUNU experiment was carried out at the Bugey nuclear power reactor. The aim was the study of electron antineutrino-electron elastic scattering at low energy. The recoil electrons were recorded in a gas time projection chamber, immersed in a tank filled with liquid scintillator serving as veto detector, suppressing in particular Compton electrons. The measured electron recoil spectrum is presented. Upper limits on the neutrino magnetic moment were derived and are discussed.Comment: 9 pages, 7 figures Added reference: p.3, 1st col., TEXONO Added sentence: p.4, 1st col., electron attachement Modified sentence: p.5, 1st col., readout sequence Added sentence: p.5, 1st col., fast rise time cu

Development and evaluation of a plant-based air filter system for bacterial growth control

We investigated a novel plant-based air filter system for bacterial growth control. The volatile components released from the experimental plant (Cupressus macrocarpa) were used as the basis of the bacterial growth control and inhibition. We monitored the effect of light on the gas exhausted from the system, and we found that the presence of light induced an increase in the O2 concentration and a decrease in the CO2 concentration in the exhaust gas. A variety of Gram-positive and -negative bacteria was used to elucidate the effect of the exhaust gas on bacterial growth. In the Bacillus subtilis cultivation aerated with the exhaust gas (batch mode), we observed a decrease in the specific growth rate (μ = 0.227 h-1) compared with the control experiments (0.257 h-1). The same result was observed for the Staphylococcus aureus cultivation aerated with the exhaust gas. In the case of Gram-negative bacterial cultivation aerated with the gas, no significant inhibitory effect of the exhaust gas on the bacterial growth was observed. When the number of bacteria (B. subtilis) in a continuous culture was varied at different aeration rates (between 50 to 200 mL/min) using the exhaust gas, a prominent inhibitory effect was observed. Preliminary gas analysis showed that the major inhibitory factors in the exhaust gas are α- and β-pinene and linalool. The results show that the air filter system used in this study could be applied not only as a methodological aspect for estimating antibacterial activity but also for bacteria control in a given system.Keywords: Plant-based biofilter, Cupressus macrocarpa, Bacillus subtilis, Staphylococcus aureus, α-pinene, β-pineneAfrican Journal of Biotechnology Vol. 12(16), pp. 2027-203