A novel approach for wafer defect pattern classification based on topological data analysis

In semiconductor manufacturing, wafer map defect pattern provides critical information for facility maintenance and yield management, so the classification of defect patterns is one of the most important tasks in the manufacturing process. In this paper, we propose a novel way to represent the shape of the defect pattern as a finite-dimensional vector, which will be used as an input for a neural network algorithm for classification. The main idea is to extract the topological features of each pattern by using the theory of persistent homology from topological data analysis (TDA). Through some experiments with a simulated dataset, we show that the proposed method is faster and much more efficient in training with higher accuracy, compared with the method using convolutional neural networks (CNN) which is the most common approach for wafer map defect pattern classification. Moreover, our method outperforms the CNN-based method when the number of training data is not enough and is imbalanced

Cultural Values and the Korean Negotiator

Culture has an inarguable role in shaping negotiation. Negotiators interests, priorities, and strategies are affected by their culture. Each culture shares some similar elements with other cultures while also having its own unique traits. These characteristics can manifest themselves in negotiation behaviors in interesting ways. Korean culture seems to share similar values with cultures of its neighbors, most notably of China and Japan, but it also has differences that emerge with some unique negotiation strategies. This article summarizes and reports modern theories and research results and tries to evaluate how Korean culture affects some of the negotiation styles commonly observed among Korean negotiators

Optical Spectroscopy of Supernova Remnants in M81 and M82

We present spectroscopy of 28 SNR candidates as well as one H II region in M81, and two SNR candidates in M82. Twenty six out of the M81 candidates turn out to be genuine SNRs, and two in M82 may be shocked condensations in the galactic outflow or SNRs. The distribution of [N II]/H{\alpha} ratios of M81 SNRs is bimodal. M81 SNRs are divided into two groups in the spectral line ratio diagrams: an [O III]-strong group and an [O III]-weak group. The latter have larger sizes, and may have faster shock velocity. [N II]/H{\alpha} ratios of the SNRs show a strong correlation with [S II]/H{\alpha} ratios. They show a clear radial gradient in [N II]/H{\alpha} and [S II]/H{\alpha} ratios: dLog ([N II]/H{\alpha})/dLog R = -0.018 {\pm} 0.008 dex/kpc and dLog ([S II]/H{\alpha})/dLog R = -0.016 {\pm} 0.008 dex/kpc where R is a deprojected galactocentric distance. We estimate the nitrogen and oxygen abundance of the SNRs from the comparison with shock-ionization models. We obtain a value for the nitrogen radial gradient, dLog(N/H)/dLogR = -0.023 {\pm} 0.009 dex/kpc, and little evidence for the gradient in oxygen. This nitrogen abundance shows a few times flatter gradient than those of the planetary nebulae and H II regions. We find that five SNRs are matched with X-ray sources. Their X-ray hardness colors are consistent with thermal SNRs.Comment: 19 pages, 24 figures, 5 tables, ApJ accepte

(S)-[5-Methyl-3-(3-methyl­thio­phen-2-yl)-4,5-dihydro­isoxazol-5-yl]methanol

In the title compound, C10H13NO2S, the thio­phene and isoxazoline rings are almost coplanar, the dihedral angle between their least-squares planes being 2.08 (1)°. The O—H atoms of the methyl hy­droxy group and the N atom of the isoxazole ring are orientated in the same direction to allow for the formation of inter­molecular O—H⋯N hydrogen bonds that lead to a supra­molecular chain along the a axis

Oxygen-Vacancy-Induced Orbital Reconstruction of Ti Ions at the Interface of LaAlO3/SrTiO3 Heterostructures: A Resonant Soft-X-Ray Scattering Study

Resonant soft-x-ray scattering measurements have been performed to investigate interface electronic structures of (LaAlO3/SrTiO3) superlattices. Resonant scattering intensities at superlattice reflections show clear evidence of degeneracy lifting in t(2g) states of interface Ti ions. Polarization dependence of intensities indicates the energy of d(xy) states is lower by similar to 1 eV than two other t(2g) states. The energy splitting is insensitive to epitaxial strain. The orbital reconstruction is induced by oxygen vacancies and confined to the interface within two unit cells, indicating charge compensation at the polar interfaces. DOI: 10.1103/PhysRevLett.110.017401X112723Nsciescopu

Systemic EBV+ T-cell lymphoma in elderly patients: comparison with children and young adult patients

Fulminant Epstein–Barr virus (EBV+) T-cell lymphoma in immunocompetent elderly patients is rare and its character has not been well defined. This study analyzed the clinicopathological features of five elderly patients (group A: 50–84 years) and compared them with those of eight children and young adult patients with systemic T-cell lymphomas (group B: 10–34 years). Group A more commonly presented with generalized lymphadenopathy (n = 3) than did group B (n = 1). Chronic active EBV infection (n = 3) and hydroa vacciniforme-like eruptions (n = 1) were seen in group B, while group A showed no evidence of chronic EBV infection, but did show chronic hepatitis B or C virus infections (n = 3). The histological and immunophenotypical findings were similar. All patients died within 1 to 14 months of diagnosis. These findings suggest that EBV+ T-cell lymphoma in elderly patients is a unique disease with an underlying derangement of T-cell immunity and failure to eradicate infected virus. Additional factors related to senility may play a role in the disruption of homeostasis between the virus and the host’s immune system

Electrical spin injection and detection in an InAs quantum well

We demonstrate fully electrical detection of spin injection in InAs quantum wells. A spin polarized current is injected from a NiFe thin film to a two-dimensional electron gas (2DEG) made of InAs based epitaxial multi-layers. Injected spins accumulate and diffuse out in the 2DEG, and the spins are electrically detected by a neighboring NiFe electrode. The observed spin diffusion length is 1.8 um at 20 K. The injected spin polarization across the NiFe/InAs interface is 1.9% at 20 K and remains at 1.4% even at room temperature. Our experimental results will contribute significantly to the realization of a practical spin field effect transistor

Multilayer fabrication of unobtrusive poly(dimethylsiloxane) nanobrush for tunable cell adhesion

Precise modulation of polymer brush in its thickness and grafting density can cause unexpected cell behaviors and regulated bioactivities. Herein, a nanoscale poly(dimethylsiloxane) (PDMS) brush was employed to use as a controllable material for cell adhesion. Facile fabrication of ultrathin monolayer PDMS nanobrush on an underlying substrate facilitated regaining cell adhesion through long-range cell attractive forces such as the van der Waals forces. We showed that cell adhesion is diminished by increasing the number of nanobrush layers, causing a gradual decrease of the effectiveness of the long-range force. The result demonstrates that ultrathin PDMS nanobrush can either promote or inhibit cell adhesion, which is required for various biomedical fields such as tissue-engineering, anti-fouling coating, and implantable biomaterials and sensors

Framework for the validation of simulation-based productivity analysis: focused on curtain wall construction process

 As construction projects have become more complicated in design and construction, it is necessary to establish the construction operational plans in advance. However, there were some limitations in analyzing construction produc­tivity due to the difficulty of collecting accurate data. To address this challenge, this study aimed to develop the frame­work for the validation of simulation-based productivity analysis, which consisted of three measures: (i) validation of the measured productivity data as target variable; (ii) validation of the measured duration data as input variable; and (iii) validation of the simulation model compared to the actual construction process. To verify the feasibility of the proposed framework, this study focused on the curtain wall construction project of “S” office building as a case study. The T-test was applied to investigate the statistical difference between the measure and simulated productivity. It was determined that the significance level α in the T-test for the unloading process was 0.136 with 95% confidence interval; the lifting process, 0.106; and the installing process, 0.311. As a result, there was no significant difference between the measured and simulated productivity. The proposed framework could enable executives and managers in charge of project plan­ning and scheduling to accurately predict the simulation-based productivity. First published online: 13 Jul 201