Grain-size and microstructure of the loess from closed depressions in the Nałęczów Plateau (East Poland)

The investigation was conducted in the eastern part of the Nałęczów Plateau, a region of the Lublin Upland, in eastern Poland. The loess cover of this region was formed mainly during the last glaciation, and loess accumulation lasted until 15,000–12,000 BP. The undulating loess plateau with numerous oval-shaped closed depressions (CDs) is the main landform in the study area. Particle size distribution and SEM analyses were conducted for loess profiles under the bottoms and on the slopes of 4 CDs. Grain-size distribution characteristics as well as qualitative and quantitative micromorphological characteristics of the the loess forming the bottoms and slopes of the depressions were compared and discussed. It was documented that the differences between the loess forming the bottoms and slopes of the depressions are insignificant in the case of clay fraction content, but are considerable in the case of microstructure characteristics. The differences documented result from the impact of syn- and post-depositional diagenetic processes related mainly to suffosion and hydroconsolidation occurring under the influence of water. A quantitative assessment of the morphological effects of these processes was carried out in the context of the origin of closed depressions. The morphological effect of Holocene diagenetic processes was manifested in the deepening of the initial closed depressions formed previously under the influence of primary morphogenetic processes

The impact of palaeorelief on the origin of some closed depressions in loess areas in the Lublin Upland

Closed depressions (CDs) are common small forms occurring in the European loess belt. The age, origin and evolution of these forms is highly debated. Some CDs are reproduced in the loess cover. Their formation was directly influenced by the relief of sediments underlying the loess cover and varying in terms of age and origin. Two depressions of this type were documented within the thin (8 m) loess covers in the Nałęczów Plateau and the Dubienka Depression, using the electrical resistivity method. The age of the reproduced forms varies. The CD in Sadurki formed during the Vistulian. The CD in the Horodło site was forming from the Odranian to the Vistulian glaciation

Evaluation of the effectiveness of physical exercises using the action of infrared rays

Introduction. Infrared radiation is invisible electromagnetic radiation with a wavelength of 000 nm 770-15. There are many scientific reports, which confirm the positive effect of the therapy waves with a range of red and infrared light both on animals and patients in vivo. Infrared radiation is also used in devices VACU, which are joining the capsule effects of exercise and physical activity infra-red rays. With this combination practitioner achieve extraordinary effectiveness of the therapy. Objective of the work. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of training carried out in the capsule Vacu Fit to change the selected anthropometric parameters and body composition parameters. Material and methods.The study was a 27-year old woman, whose age was determined on the metabolic 41 years. During the study of subjective patient he admitted that sports activities practiced occasionally, drinks very little and eats properly. The patient reported the onset of cellulite, stretch marks and excess body fat on the thighs, buttocks and stomach. By joining the training, its aim was to reduce reported problems. Results. After the end of treatment in the majority of parameters assessed changes were observed. Conclusions. A series of trainings conducted in a capsule Vacu alters the anthropometric parameters and body compositio

Use of recreational activity as one of the methods for treating urinary incontinence

Urinary incontinence (UI) is characterized by an involuntary leakage of urine due to bladder dysfunction of the locking mechanism and is an important social problem. It is estimated that in Poland this disease affects over 5 million people. According to recent data UI affects women twice as often. This condition occurs in about 25% of women of childbearing age and up 50% in postmenopausal women. In most cases, patients suffer from a form of stress urinary incontinence (SUI), which is a cause of lowering the interfacial tension perineal muscle, fascia, pelvic floor, and the loosening of connective tissue. Other, less common types of urinary incontinence include urge incontinence and overflow incontinence. Frequently it diagnosed as mixed forms of incontinence. The main role in the treatment of urinary incontinence should detach conservative treatment. Patients taking physical activity significantly speeds up the treatment of urinary incontinence. After the therapy and only through physical activity it is able to sustain the effects of treatment and to enjoy life free from symptoms of NTM

Volleyball players’ somatic composition in the Final Six of 2019 FIVB Volleyball Nations League

Introduction. International volleyball games are very popular. One of the youngest events in this discipline is the Volleyball Nations League, created by FIVB. It is important for trainers and researchers in which direction the best teams in the world are developing. Monitoring morpho-functional changes allows you to track potential trends in volleyball. Purpose. The aim of the study was to analyze sports results and the somatic composition of the best six teams participating in the 2019 FIVB Volleyball Nations League in Chicago. Material and methods. Research material involved volleyball players participating in the FIVB Volleyball Nations League (n = 73). Their age, height, weight, spike reach, block reach, and Rohrer’s index were analyzed. The mean value of the features and their derivatives in individual teams and groups were calculated and verified using statistical tests (t-Student, Kolmogorov-Smirniv’s) if the differences were significant. Results. The subjects’ mean age was 26,73 years (SD = 3,73), mean body height was 200,25 cm (SD = 5,94), mean body weight was 89,70 kg (SD = 8,05), mean spike reach was 346,47 cm (SD = 10,87), mean block reach was 326,14 cm (SD = 12,66), mean Rohrer’s index was 1,12 (SD = 0,10). 94,52% of the volleyball players manifested the leptosomatic body composition, 5,48% the athletic one. The best team and the teams ranked 2-6 places in the analyzed tournament significantly differed in the block reach (P < 0,05). Conclusions. During the Final Six 2019 FIVB Volleyball Nations League in Chicago, the leptosomatic type of body was dominated by volleyballers at the highest level. The block reach significantly differentiate the winner of tournament and the others teams. These characteristics should be taken by trainers into account in team building to play men’s volleyball

Electromyographic evaluation of the effectiveness of electrical stimulation of the pelvic floor muscles in a patient after total hysterectomy

Introduction. Total hysterectomy surgery is one of the most difficult operations in gynecological surgery. It involves removal of the stem and neck cancer. Often removed during surgery are also the ovaries and fallopian tubes. Indication for radical include histerektomiii cervical carcinoma, and adenocarcinoma of the endometrium. Performing this procedure it is always associated with the cessation of menstruation due to lack of the endometrium, which is located in the body of the uterus, in the case of simultaneous removal of the ovaries is created surgically induced menopause status. Endocrine disorders cause a lot of changes in the female body. One consequence may be the occurrence of the phenomenon of stress urinary incontinence. Objective of the work. The aim of this study was to evaluate the conduct of conservative patient suffering from stress urinary incontinence after total hysterectomy. Material and methods. The study involved a 60-year old female patient after a total hysterectomy with the removal of the fallopian tubes and ovaries in a problem that stress urinary incontinence. Before joining the project the patient was subjected to hormonal therapy and applied the pessary coil, which proved ineffective. For objective evaluation of resting bioelectric activity of the pelvic floor muscles used electromyograph Noraxon four-vaginal probe. Furthermore, in order to determine the degree of incontinence questionnaire was used Gaudenz and an analysis of voiding diary. All measurement methods have been made immediately before and after the therapy. The patient was subjected to combination therapy, which included electrical stimulation of the pelvic floor muscle exercises and biofeedback. Results. After therapy showed an increase in resting bioelectric activity of the pelvic floor muscles. In addition, the patient reported a reduction in symptoms. Conclusions. Electrical stimulation of the pelvic floor muscle exercises with biofeedback appears to be an effective treatment for urinary incontinence in women after total hysterectomy. Therefore, it seems necessary to continue research and to conduct them on a larger number of patients

Use of Ultrasound Imaging in retraining the plevic-floor muscles of a woman postpartum with urinary incontinence

Pregnancy and childbirth are a recognized risk factor for urinary incontinence in women at a young age. It is suggested that the vaginal delivery is the main factor of this phenomenon due to mechanical damage of the muscle tissue and nerve. Nevertheless, the mere pregnancy can cause hormonal changes, mechanical, leading to urinary incontinence. Postnatal Physiotherapy in Poland is unfortunately often overlooked and underdeveloped area. More and more frequently in the treatment of urinary incontinence treatment uses ultrasound imaging. Using the image on ultrasound in real time, you can watch the work of the muscles. pelvic ultrasound apparatus using a physical therapist teach the patient the specific activation of muscle or group of muscles. Sonofeedback teaching allows motor traffic. This method allows precise identification and appropriate work isolated muscles. An extremely important area of application where there is sonofeedback treatment of patients with urinary incontinence

Potential advantages and disadvantages of using creatine supplements by professional volleyball players

Creatine, a peptide built from three amino acids: arginine, glycine and methionine, is one of the most popular diet supplements used by people who train not only strength sports but also other popular disciplines, including team sports, i.a. volleyball. The benefits of creatine supplementation, such as weight, strength and muscle mass gain, are widely known, which translates directly into improved sports performance. However, is it really possible to consider such supplementation as a model solution for absolutely every athlete practicing volleyball? This brief review was intended to summarize the indications and effects of supplementation of volleyball players with creatine, taking into account the theoretical side of potential benefits, i.e. creatine metabolism in the creatine kinase (CK)-phosphocreatine (PCr) system and energetic advantages for muscle cells coming from the "renewing" of the basic useful energy carrier that is ATP (transferring the phosphate group to ADP) by creatine phosphate, as well as visual effects of training achieved in practice by volleyball players after supplementation with creatine, taken mostly in the form of monohydrate. This work also reviews possible potential side effects that are usually the result of exceeding the recommended dose of a supplement or taking preparations that are not subject to appropriate analytical tests, i.e. those who do not have appropriate certificates or attests