Conceptual mechanization studies for a horizon definition spacecraft attitude control subsystem, phase A, part II, 10 October 1966 - 29 May 1967

Attitude control subsystem for spin stabilized spacecraft for mapping earths infrared horizon radiance profiles in 15 micron carbon dioxide absorption ban

Application of Equilibrium Models of Solution Hybridization to Microarray Design and Analysis

Background: The probe percent bound value, calculated using multi-state equilibrium models of solution hybridization, is shown to be useful in understanding the hybridization behavior of microarray probes having 50 nucleotides, with and without mismatches. These longer oligonucleotides are in widespread use on microarrays, but there are few controlled studies of their interactions with mismatched targets compared to 25-mer based platforms. Principal Findings: 50-mer oligonucleotides with centrally placed single, double and triple mismatches were spotted on an array. Over a range of target concentrations it was possible to discriminate binding to perfect matches and mismatches, and the type of mismatch could be predicted accurately in the concentration midrange (100 pM to 200 pM) using solution hybridization modeling methods. These results have implications for microarray design, optimization and analysis methods. Conclusions: Our results highlight the importance of incorporating biophysical factors in both the design and the analysis of microarrays. Use of the probe ‘‘percent bound’ ’ value predicted by equilibrium models of hybridization is confirmed to be important for predicting and interpreting the behavior of long oligonucleotide arrays, as has been shown for shor

Association of body composition and blood pressure categories with retinal vessel diameters in primary school children

Alterations in retinal vessel diameters have been shown to be predictive of cardiovascular risk in adults and children. The aim of our study was to examine the association of body composition and blood pressure (BP) categories with retinal vessel diameters in school children. We examined anthropometric parameters, BP and retinal arteriolar (CRAE) and venular (CRVE) diameters as well as the arteriolar-to-venular diameter ratio (AVR) in 391 children (age: 7.3, s.d. 0.4). Differences between the lowest and highest BP quartiles indicated that higher systolic and diastolic BP were associated with narrower CRAE (P<0.001 for both). Children in the highest weight quartile had narrower CRAE compared with the lowest quartile (P=0.05). In the regression analysis, systolic and diastolic BP were associated with arteriolar narrowing (-0.4 measuring units (mu) per mm Hg, 95% confidence interval: [-0.6; -0.3] and -0.6 mu per mm Hg [-0.7; -0.4], respectively; P<0.001 for both). An independent association was found for diastolic BP only. Compared with normotensives (NT; 74.4% of cohort), arteriolar narrowing was already seen in children categorized as pre-hypertensive (PHT) (11.5% of cohort), which was similar to HT children (14.1% of cohort) (NT: mean 207.2 [205.6; 208.7] mu; PHT: 201.7 [197.8; 205.7] mu; HT: 199.7 [196.2; 203.3] mu; P=0.01 for PHT vs. NT and P<0.001 for HT vs. NT in systolic BP). Our results suggest that systolic and diastolic BP are main determinants of retinal arteriolar diameters; and therefore, microvascular health in young children. Pre-hypertension seems to be associated with retinal microvascular alterations early in life