Application of fuel/time minimization techniques to route planning and trajectory optimization

Rising fuel costs combined with other economic pressures have resulted in industry requirements for more efficient air traffic control and airborne operations. NASA has responded with an on-going research program to investigate the requirements and benefits of using new airborne guidance and pilot procedures that are compatible with advanced air traffic control systems and that will result in more fuel efficient flight. The results of flight testing an airborne computer algorithm designed to provide either open-loop or closed-loop guidance for fuel efficient descents while satisfying time constraints imposed by the air traffic control system is summarized. Some of the potential cost and fuel savings that are obtained with sophisticated vertical path optimization capabilities are described

Manual flying of curved precision approaches to landing with electromechanical instrumentation. A piloted simulation study

A piloted simulation study was conducted to examine the requirements for using electromechanical flight instrumentation to provide situation information and flight guidance for manually controlled flight along curved precision approach paths to a landing. Six pilots were used as test subjects. The data from these tests indicated that flight director guidance is required for the manually controlled flight of a jet transport airplane on curved approach paths. Acceptable path tracking performance was attained with each of the three situation information algorithms tested. Approach paths with both multiple sequential turns and short final path segments were evaluated. Pilot comments indicated that all the approach paths tested could be used in normal airline operations

Description of the primary flight display and flight guidance system logic in the NASA B-737 transport systems research vehicle

A primary flight display format was integrated with the flight guidance and control system logic in support of various flight tests conducted with the NASA Transport Systems Research Vehicle B-737-100 airplane. The functional operation of the flight guidance mode control panel and the corresponding primary flight display formats are presented

Experimental determination of position-estimate accuracy using back-azimuth signals from a microwave landing system

Flight tests using the Boeing 737 airplane to obtain position estimates with back azimuth signals from a microwave landing system (MLS) are discussed. The equations and logic used to generate a navigation position estimate in the MLS back azimuth signal environment are described. The error in the navigation position estimate is determined. A summary of the Boeing 737 position estimate update process is described. The navigation position estimate error calculated flight data and radar tracking information is analyzed. The position estimate error data using the MLS inputs are compared with error data obtained during dual distance measuring equipment updates

Self-Disclosure

A review of the analog literature about therapist self-disclosure suggests that nonclients generally have positive perceptions of therapist self-disclosures. A review of the naturalistic psychotherapy literature indicates that therapist self-disclosure occurs infrequently, is used more often by humanistic-experiential than psychoanalytic therapists, is most often about professional background than about intimate personal details, is used for many different reasons, is used cautiously by therapists, and is helpful in the immediate process of therapy. Effects of therapist self-disclosure on the ultimate outcome of therapy are less clear. Limitations of the research (poor and inconsistent definitions and lack of a clinically appropriate methodology for studying self-disclosure) and guidelines for therapeutic practice are presented

Evaluation of a JAIBG-Funded Project: Emmonak Elders' Group

Since 1999, the Emmonak Elders' Group Project has handled certain non-felony juvenile cases in the village of Emmonak, a predominately Yup'ik community on the Yukon Delta of western Alaska. The project permits youth to remain within the community while their offenses are adjudicated through the body of elders – thus avoiding formal justice system processing which usually entails removal from the village. Youths are held accountable within the context of the local community and its traditions. This article describes the results of an initial evaluation of the program in early 2001, after the court had been in operation for approximately a year and a half. The evaluation comprised a review of program files, direct observations of meetings, discussions with community residents and interviews with parents and juveniles. It primarily focused on project implementation: how the court was established, its procedures, and the working relationships among institutions and individual participants.Bureau of Justice Statistics, United States Department of Justice. Grant No. 1999-JR-VX-K005Background / Introduction / Methodology / Overview of Program / Collaborative Relationships with Key Entities / Results / Interviews / Summary and Recommendations / Appendice

Processing the Therapeutic Relationship

The authors propose that if therapists and clients process their therapeutic relationship (i.e., directly address in the here and now feelings about each other and about the inevitable problems that emerge in the therapy relationship), feelings will be expressed and accepted, problems will be resolved, the relationship will be enhanced, and clients will transfer their learning to other relationships outside of therapy. The authors review theories supporting the idea of processing the therapeutic relationship, discuss the relevant empirical literature in this area, and provide their conceptualization of the construct of processing the therapeutic relationship based on the theory and empirical findings. Finally, they discuss methodological concerns and suggest implications for clinical practice, training, and further research

Introduction to a Special Issue on Disclosure and Concealment in Psychotherapy

Given that questions related to disclosure have long held the interest of both clinicians and researchers, we are excited to present this special issue of Counselling Psychology Quarterly focusing on disclosure and concealment in psychotherapy. All forms of human communication involve some degree of disclosure, whether through verbal or non-verbal means. Most of us are quite careful about both the content and quantity of what we share with others. One factor that affects decisions about disclosure is the type of relationship. Friendships typically include an approximately equal amount of disclosure from both members, whereas in other relationships (e.g. parent–child, boss–employee), disclosure patterns may be less equal. Psychotherapy is one such relationship where participants likely do not disclose equally. Clients are expected to reveal themselves as much as possible so that therapists can help them, although the depth of such disclosures may gradually evolve as clients begin to feel safe with their therapists. In contrast, given that the purpose of psychotherapy is to help the client, therapist self-disclosure (TSD) is usually much more limited and ideally used only to help the client rather than meet therapists’ needs. Because psychotherapy is on the one hand much like a friendship, given the level of intimacy and sharing (Schofield, 1986), yet on the other hand a professional relationship focused on the client, it offers a rich opportunity for examining the disclosure process. We can consider disclosure to exist on a continuum. At one extreme, nothing is withheld and the person is completely open with all conscious thoughts and feelings. At the other extreme, a person does not disclose at all and in fact, might be actively concealing or lying. Few people live at the extremes, as it is almost impossible either to share or withhold all thoughts and feelings. In addition, it is important to recognize that disclosure is a state rather than a trait, such that although one may be generally open, that same person might not disclose in a particular given situation. For this special section, then, we focus on several aspects of this disclosure continuum. First, we focus on TSD. Next, we focus on client disclosure and concealment. We refer readers to prior reviews of the literature to gain more perspective on past research in this area (Henretty, Berman, Currier, & Levitt, 2014; Henretty & Levitt, 2010; Hill & Knox, 2002; Knox & Hill, 2003)

The Use of Dreams in Modern Psychotherapy

We review theories of dream work. We also review the empirical research about how dreams are used in psychotherapy, as well as the process and outcome of different models of dream work. Finally, we review how dream content can be used to understand client, the role of culture in dream work, client and therapist dreams about each other, and training therapists to do dream work

Description of path-in-the-sky contact analog piloting display

A contact analog display called Path-In-The-Sky (PITS) integrates information on airplane attitude, airplane kinematic performance, navigation situation, and path prediction into one instrument. The pictorial format utilized in the PITS display concept was designed to reduce the required instrument scan and to simplify interpretation of informtion with the objective of reducing pilot work load. Described are the symbology of the PITS display, the coordinate systems used to generate the display, and the magnitudes of pertinent geometric characteristics selected during the display development. Also included are examples of the PITS display generated on a stand-alone graphics computer