Vergleichende Betrachtung der hydrologischen Eigenschaften typischer Waldhumusauflagen auf Kippenböden und „gewachsenen“ Standorten des Nordostdeutschen Tieflandes

Es erfolgte eine Charakterisierung der hydrologischen Eigenschaften (pF/WG-Funktionen) von Waldhumusauflagen und Mineralböden typischer Kippenstandorte des Lausitzer Braunkohlenbergbaus und vergleichend dazu „gewachsener“ Standorte im Tagebauumfeld. Zur Bearbeitung standen flächenrepräsentative Kiefernstangen- und -Baumhölzer sowie Rot- und Traubeneichenbestände. Die Wasserspei-chereigenschaften von Of- und Oh-Lagen unterscheiden sich markant, mit sehr viel höherer nFK in den Oh-Lagen. Darüber hinaus steigt die nFK der Oh-Horizonte von Kiefernstandorten mit zunehmendem Bestandesalter von ca. 25 Vol-% auf über 30 Vol-% an. Die höchsten Werte mit bis zu 45 Vol-% weisen Oh-Horizonte unter Eiche auf. Zwar ist die nFK der Humusauflagen von Kippenstandorten geringfügig niedriger als auf „gewachsenen“ Böden, gleichwohl trägt der Auflagehumus auf Kippenstandorten wegen der dort geringeren nFK des Mineralbodens stärker zur gesamten nutzbaren Wasserspeicherkapazität (nWSK) bei

Überprüfung von Pedotransferfunktionen (PTF) zur Ableitung der nutzbaren Feldkapazität (nFK) forstlich genutzter Kippenböden in Ostdeutschland

Bei der forstlichen Standortkartierung von Kippenböden des Braunkohlenbergbaus bleiben substratbedingte Wasserhaus-haltsgrößen bisher ausgeblendet. Diese sind jedoch für eine kleinstandörtlich differenzierte Bestandesplanung unabdingbar, gerade auch in Anbetracht der klimabedingten Standortdrift. Eine zentrale Kenngröße des ökosystemaren bzw. Bodenwasserhaushaltes bildet hierbei die pflanzenverfügbare Wasserspeicherung. Eine Gegenüberstellung der mit neun verschiedenen Pedotransferfunktionen (PTF) geschätzten und den gemessenen Wasserspeichereigenschaften von 293 typischen Kippbodenhorizonten zeigt, dass die PTF nach KA 5 Tab. 70, ROSETTA, Heinkele (2011) und eingeschränkt nach Rieck (1995) hinreichend treffsichere Schätzergebnisse liefern. Hingegen sind die Ansätze nach Forstlicher Standortaufnahme Tab. 48, KA 5 Tab. 75 sowie DIN 4220 ungeeignet

Smart strategies for the transition in coal intensive regions

The TRACER project supports a number of coal-intensive regions around Europe to design (or re-design) their Research and Innovation (R&I) strategies in order to facilitate their transition towards a sustainable energy system. The TRACER consortium consists of different target regions: South East Bulgaria, North West Bohemia - Czech Republic, Lusatian Lignite District - Germany, Western Macedonia - Greece, Upper Silesian Coalfield - Poland, West Region, Jiu Valley - Romania, Wales – UK, Kolubara - Serbia, Donetsk - Ukraine. Core activities of TRACER include the implementation of an EDP (Entrepreneurial Discovery Process) to mobilise a wide range of stakeholders in each target region to develop an appropriate governance structure and to bring regional stakeholders together to discuss and agree on a shared vision and priorities for coal transition. R&I strategies, industrial roadmaps and decision support tools will be developed jointly with key stakeholders of the TRACER target regions. Further TRACER activities include the identification and analysis of best practice examples of successful and ambitious transition processes in coal intensive regions, a detailed assessment of social, environmental and technological challenges, the elaboration of guidelines on how to mobilise investment as well as dedicated activities to stimulate R&I cooperation among coal intensive regions in Europe and beyond

Channel Estimation Filter Using Sinc-Interpolation for UTRA FDD Downlink

Abstract: This paper introduces a new Channel Estimation (CE) filter called Polyphase SInc-Interpolation (PSII)-filter for downlink coherent Rake-combining in a DS-CDMA mobile environment. In this case some UTRA FDD scenarios are taken for showing the feasibility of this approach. It uses known periodically time-multiplexed pilot symbols for interpolating the channel coefficients in between. Main advantage is the aptitude of the PSII-CE especially for high mobile environments. Unfortunately this advantage is paid by the use of at least six pilot sequences resulting in a three slot delay and poor noise reduction capabilities. Some simulation results of this PSII-filter compared with other well known CE-filters are presented

MAI-Suppression with Fractional T-equalizer for CDMA

Wideband CDMA systems with orthogonal spreading codes suffer severely due to the loss of orthogonality by multipath propagation. This yields Multiple Access Interference (MAI) which gravely reduces the performance of classical systems with Rake-receivers. In our approach we attempt to restore orthogonality again by using a fractional T-equalizer. The results are compared with a system using the tapped delay line equalizer that works in chip duration and the classical solution for wideband CDMA systems, the Rake-receiver. 1

Physiological Performance and Biomass Growth of Different Black Locust Origins Growing on a Post-Mining Reclamation Site in Eastern Germany

Black Locust/Robinia can play an important role in land reclamation due to its pronounced nitrogen fixation capability, fast initial growth and relative high drought tolerance. Hence, we set up a trial to test 12 Black Locust clones and three provenances growing on sandy overburden material within the open cast lignite mine Welzow-Süd (South Brandenburg) in March 2014. Since then, biomass growth of the Black Locust trees was examined and physiological performance was studied on several occasions using chlorophyll a fluorescence and Dualex® measuring technique. Plant physiological measurements revealed differences in photosynthetic vitality (PIABS), although the PIABS values followed a similar pattern and sequences across the plot. While the genotypes Fra3 and Roy show the highest photosynthetic vitality, the clones Rog and Rob display the lowest PIABS mean values. Chlorophyll and phenol content as well as the nutrition supply of the test trees vary depending on their origin and site conditions. The annual biomass growth rate corresponds to photosynthetic vitality and both depend on weather conditions during the growing season. After six years, the growing biomass amounts to 14.7 Mg d.m. ha−1 for clone Rob and 44.8 Mg d.m. ha−1 for clone Fra3, i.e., 2.5 to 7.5 Mg d.m. ha−1 year−1. Our data demonstrate a good correlation between biophysical parameters and biomass growth. We, thus, infer that physiological measuring methods can be combined to strengthen predictions regarding the physiological performance of Black Locust origins

GPS and IMU Require Visual Odometry for Elevation Accuracy

Currently, self-localization of vehicles is primarily carried out by GPS receivers of different price and performance classes, which are permanently installed in vehicles. Known limitations of GPS-based localization include signal disturbances due to multipath propagation, as it may occur in narrow street canyons or tree alleys, as well as signal losses in tunnels or entrances to buildings, for example. It may happen that horizontal GPS channels still support a useful 2D positioning with low uncertainties while the GPS altitude channel has very large deviations or error uncertainties. Additional sensors (IMU or cameras) help to detect sections of trajectories where the GPS signal becomes unusable. Based on a traditional navigation strategy (i.e. integration of IMU and GPS), we also study the possible integration of visual odometry obtained from a stereo camera system. The paper reports about a large-scale project studying multi-sensor integration for very accurate and robust self-localization of vehicles