Web conferencing systems: Skype and MSN in telepathology

Virtual pathology is a very important tool that can be used in several ways, including interconsultations with specialists in many areas and for frozen sections. We considered in this work the use of Windows Live Messenger and Skype for image transmission. The conference was made through wide broad internet using Nikon E 200 microscope and Digital Samsung Colour SCC-131 camera. Internet speed for transmission varied from 400 Kb to 2.0 Mb. Both programs allow voice transmission concomitant to image, so the communication between the involved pathologists was possible using microphones and speakers. Alive image could be seen by the receptor pathologist who was able to ask for moving the field or increase/diminish the augmentation. No phone call or typing required. The programs MSN and Skype can be used in many ways and with different operational systems installed in the computer. The capture system is simple and relatively cheap, what proves the viability of the system to be used in developing countries and in cities where do not exist pathologists. With the improvement of software and the improvement of digital image quality, associated to the use of the high speed broad band Internet this will be able to become a new modality in surgical pathology

The impact of the covid 19 pandemic on cancer diagnosis in a pathology service in southern Brazil

The Covid-19 pandemic has had a significant impact on people's lives. One of these impacts can be verified in the diagnosis of other diseases, especially cancer. Problem: What was the impact on the diagnosis of new cases of cancer in the region covered by a pathology service in southern Brazil during the pandemic? General objective: To evaluate whether there was a decrease in the number of cancer diagnoses in a pathology service in southern Brazil during the pandemic. Methodology: We analyzed the case reports carried out in the Laboratories of the Infolaudo Group, during the initial months of the pandemic (April and May 2020) and compared with the same months of 2019, in order to measure the impact of the pandemic on the diagnosis of cancer in a Pathology Service in southern Brazil. Results: Comparing the periods of April and May 2019 with the same period in 2020, a 34.2% decrease in pathological procedures was noticed. Some types of cancer, such as colon, esophagus, breast and prostate, had a significant decrease in diagnoses, being 19.7%, 45%, 18.2% and 37.7%, respectively. Conclusion: With the closure of many clinics and clinics in the early stages of the pandemic, there was a decrease in cancer diagnoses in the laboratories surveyed

El impacto de la pandemia de covid 19 en el diagnóstico de cáncer en un servicio de patología en el sur de Brasil

<p>La pandemia de Covid-19 ha tenido un impacto significativo en la vida de las personas. Uno de estos impactos se puede verificar en el diagnóstico de otras enfermedades, especialmente el cáncer. Problema: ¿Cuál fue el impacto en el diagnóstico de nuevos casos de cáncer en la región cubierta por un servicio de patología en el sur de Brasil durante la pandemia? Objetivo general: Evaluar si hubo una disminución en el número de diagnósticos de cáncer en un servicio de patología en el sur de Brasil durante la pandemia. Metodología: Analizamos los informes de casos realizados en los Laboratorios del Grupo Infolaudo, durante los primeros meses de la pandemia (abril y mayo de 2020) y comparados con los mismos meses de 2019, con el fin de medir el impacto de la pandemia en el diagnóstico de cáncer en un Servicio de Patología en el sur de Brasil. Resultados: Comparando los períodos de abril y mayo de 2019 con el mismo período de 2020, se observó una disminución del 34,2% en los procedimientos patológicos. Algunos tipos de cáncer, como colon, esófago, mama y próstata, tuvieron una disminución significativa en los diagnósticos, siendo 19.7%, 45%, 18.2% y 37.7%, respectivamente. Conclusión: Con el cierre de muchas clínicas y clínicas en las primeras etapas de la pandemia, hubo una disminución en los diagnósticos de cáncer en los laboratorios encuestados.</p><p>The Covid-19 pandemic has had a significant impact on people’s lives. One of these impacts can be verified in the diagnosis of other diseases, especially cancer. Problem: What was the impact on the diagnosis of new cases of cancer in the region covered by a pathology service in southern Brazil during the pandemic? General objective: To evaluate whether there was a decrease in the number of cancer diagnoses in a pathology service in southern Brazil during the pandemic. Methodology: We analyzed the case reports carried out in the Laboratories of the Infolaudo Group, during the initial months of the pandemic (April and May 2020) and compared with the same months of 2019, in order to measure the impact of the pandemic on the diagnosis of cancer in a Pathology Service in southern Brazil. Results: Comparing the periods of April and May 2019 with the same period in 2020, a 34.2% decrease in pathological procedures was noticed. Some types of cancer, such as colon, esophagus, breast and prostate, had a significant decrease in diagnoses, being 19.7%, 45%, 18.2% and 37.7%, respectively. Conclusion: With the closure of many clinics and clinics in the early stages of the pandemic, there was a decrease in cancer diagnoses in the laboratories surveyed.</p&gt

L'impatto della pandemia di covid 19 sulla diagnosi di cancro in un servizio di patologia nel sud del Brasile

<p>La pandemia di Covid-19 ha avuto un impatto significativo sulla vita delle persone. Uno di questi impatti può essere verificato nella diagnosi di altre malattie, in particolare il cancro. Problema: qual è stato l'impatto sulla diagnosi di nuovi casi di cancro nella regione coperta da un servizio di patologia nel sud del Brasile durante la pandemia? Obiettivo generale: valutare se c'è stata una diminuzione del numero di diagnosi di cancro in un servizio di patologia nel sud del Brasile durante la pandemia. Metodologia: Abbiamo analizzato i case report effettuati nei Laboratori del Gruppo Infolaudo, durante i primi mesi della pandemia (aprile e maggio 2020) e confrontati con gli stessi mesi del 2019, al fine di misurare l'impatto della pandemia sulla diagnosi di cancro in un servizio di patologia nel sud del Brasile. Risultati: Confrontando i periodi di aprile e maggio 2019 con lo stesso periodo del 2020, è stata notata una diminuzione del 34,2% delle procedure patologiche. Alcuni tipi di cancro, come il colon, l'esofago, il seno e la prostata, hanno avuto una significativa diminuzione delle diagnosi, essendo rispettivamente del 19,7%, 45%, 18,2% e 37,7%. Conclusione: con la chiusura di molte cliniche e cliniche nelle prime fasi della pandemia, c'è stata una diminuzione delle diagnosi di cancro nei laboratori esaminati.</p><p>The Covid-19 pandemic has had a significant impact on people’s lives. One of these impacts can be verified in the diagnosis of other diseases, especially cancer. Problem: What was the impact on the diagnosis of new cases of cancer in the region covered by a pathology service in southern Brazil during the pandemic? General objective: To evaluate whether there was a decrease in the number of cancer diagnoses in a pathology service in southern Brazil during the pandemic. Methodology: We analyzed the case reports carried out in the Laboratories of the Infolaudo Group, during the initial months of the pandemic (April and May 2020) and compared with the same months of 2019, in order to measure the impact of the pandemic on the diagnosis of cancer in a Pathology Service in southern Brazil. Results: Comparing the periods of April and May 2019 with the same period in 2020, a 34.2% decrease in pathological procedures was noticed. Some types of cancer, such as colon, esophagus, breast and prostate, had a significant decrease in diagnoses, being 19.7%, 45%, 18.2% and 37.7%, respectively. Conclusion: With the closure of many clinics and clinics in the early stages of the pandemic, there was a decrease in cancer diagnoses in the laboratories surveyed.</p&gt

Development of Secondary Resistance to Fluconazole in Cryptococcus neoformans Isolated from a Patient with AIDS

Cryptococcus neoformans is the fifth most common opportunistic agent of infection in patients with AIDS in the USA, exceeded only by Candida species, Pneumocystis carinii, cytomegalovirus and Mycobacterium avium1, 2, 6, 10, 11. In Brazil is the sixth, exceeded by Candida species, P. carinii, Mycobacterium species, Toxoplasma gondii, and herpes simplex virus (AIDS, Boletim Epidemiológico, set/nov 96, Ministério da Saúde, Brasil). During 30 years, the treatment of C. neoformans meningitis was based on the use of amphotericin B with or without flucytosine13. Nowadays, with the immunodepression caused by human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection and the availability of new antifungal drugs as the triazoles, the concept related to cure and relapses of cryptococcosis has been altered7, 20. Patients are treated with amphotericin B with or without flucytosine as initial therapy, but maintenance therapy is always necessary in AIDS patients with C. neoformans infection