Imidazolium ionic liquids as fracture toughening agents in DGEBA-TETA epoxy resin

Although epoxy resins are used in a broad variety of applications due to their good mechanical and thermal properties, their low fracture toughness is a limitation, exhibiting brittle behavior. This study explored the potential use of imidazolium ionic liquids (IL) as toughening agents for epoxy resin based on diglycidyl ether of bisphenol A (DGEBA) with triethylenetetramine (TETA) as curing agent. Fracture toughness was evaluated for DGEBA-TETA epoxy resins with eleven imidazolium IL and the best results were found for the IL with the chloride anion and the shortest N-alkyl side chain, C4MImCl. The use of 1.0 phr of C4MImCl lead to the reduction of the crosslink density of the post-cured resin, resulting in the increase of 25.5% in stress intensity factor and 8.2% in tensile strength with no significant loss in other mechanical properties

Imidazolium salts as an alternative for anti-Leishmania drugs: Oxidative and immunomodulatory activities

In this study we explored the previously established leishmanicidal activity of a complementary set of 24 imidazolium salts (IS), 1-hexadecylimidazole (C16Im) and 1-hexadecylpyridinium chloride (C16PyrCl) against Leishmania (Leishmania) amazonensis and Leishmania (Leishmania) infantum chagasi. Promastigotes of L. amazonensis and L. infantum chagasi were incubated with 0.1 to 100 μM of the compounds and eight of them demonstrated leishmanicidal activity after 48 h – C10MImMeS (IC50L. amazonensis = 11.6), C16MImPF6(IC50L. amazonensis = 6.9), C16MImBr (IC50L. amazonensis = 6), C16M2ImCl (IC50L. amazonensis = 4.1), C16M4ImCl (IC50L. amazonensis = 1.8), (C10)2MImCl (IC50L. amazonensis = 1.9), C16Im (IC50L. amazonensis = 14.6), and C16PyrCl (IC50L. amazonensis = 4).The effect of IS on reactive oxygen species production, mitochondrial membrane potential, membrane integrity and morphological alterations of promastigotes was determined, as well as on L. amazonensis-infected macrophages. Their cytotoxicity against macrophages and human erythrocytes was also evaluated. The IS C10MImMeS, C16MImPF6, C16MImBr, C16M2ImCl, C16M4ImCl and (C10)2MImCl, and the compounds C16Im and C16PyrCl killed and inhibited the growth of promastigote forms of L. amazonensis and L. infantum chagasi in a concentration-dependent manner, contributing to a better understanding of the structure-activity relationship of IS against Leishmania. These IS induced ROS production, mitochondrial dysfunction, membrane disruption and morphological alterations in infective forms of L. amazonensis and killed intracellular amastigote forms in very low concentrations (IC50 amastigotes ≤ 0.3), being potential drug candidates against L. amazonensis

Las Provincias : diario de Valencia: Año 64 Número 19530 - 1929 Mayo 09

A química de coordenação e reatividade dos complexos de zinco(II) contendo ligantes mono aniônicos hidrotris(pirazolil)borato substituídos por grupos 3,3,3 - mesitil (TpMs) e 3,3,5 - mesitil (TpMs*) foram investigadas. A metátese dos sais Tl[TpMs] ou Tl[TpMs*] com ZnCl2, ZnEt2, e Zn(OAc)2 permitiu a formação dos compostos correspondentes puros TpMsZnCl, TpMsZnEt, TpMs*ZnEt e TpMsZnOAc. O composto TpMs*ZnEt, lentamente, desproporcionou-se em solução de benzeno para produzir o complexo bis(ligante) (k²-TpMs*)2Zn. Alternativamente, o complexo TpMsZnOAc, como também TpMsZnOCOPh e [TpMs*ZnOAc]2 foram preparados por acidólise dos complexos análogos TpMsZnEt e TpMs*ZnEt com o correspondente ácido carboxílico. Não foi observada reação entre TpMsZnEt e TpMs*ZnEt com os álcoois (ROH; R = Me, Et, iPr, Bn), enquanto que as reações de metátese de Tl[TpMs] com ZnEt(OR) levaram à formação do complexo TpMsZnEt, ao invés do complexo desejado zinco-alcóxido. Compostos TpMsZnCl, TpMsZnEt, TpMs*ZnEt, TpMsZnOAc, TpMsZnOCOPh, [TpMs*ZnOAc]2 foram caracterizados por análise elementar, espectroscopia de RMN de ¹H e ¹³C, e TpMsZnCl, TpMsZnEt, TpMsZnOAc, (k²-TpMs*)2Zn e [TpMs*ZnOAc]2 por estudos de difração de raio-X. Os compostos TpMsZnCl, TpMsZnEt, TpMsZnOAc e (k²-TpMs*)2Zn adotaram uma estrutura monomérica no estado sólido enquanto que o composto [TpMs*ZnOAc]2 existe como um dímero em ponte anti-sin por grupos acetato. O complexo (k2-TpMs*)2Zn é tetracoordenado, representando um raro modo de coordenação bidentado dos ligantes TpMs*. Os resultados foram racionalizados em termos da restrição estérea, que envolve o átomo de zinco, causada pelos ligantes TpMs e TpMs*.The coordination chemistry and reactivity of zinc(II) complexes supported by monoanionic hydrotris(pyrazolyl)borate ligands substituted by 3,3,3-mesityl groups (TpMs) and 3,3,5-mesityl groups (TpMs*) have been investigated. Salt metathesis of ZnCl2, ZnEt2, and Zn(OAc)2 with Tl[TpMs] or Tl[TpMs*] cleanly afforded the corresponding compounds TpMsZnCl, TpMsZnEt, TpMs*ZnEt and TpMsZnOAc. Compound TpMs*ZnEt slowly disproportionates in benzene solution to afford the bis(ligand) complex (k²-TpMs*)2Zn. Acetate complex TpMsZnOAc as well as TpMsZnOCOPh and [TpMs*ZnOAc]2 were alternatively prepared by acidolysis of the parent ethyl complexes with the corresponding carboxylic acid. No reaction was observed between TpMsZnEt and TpMs*ZnEt and alcohols (ROH; R = Me, Et, iPr, Bn), while salt metathesis reactions of ZnEt(OR) with Tl[TpMs] led to TpMsZnEt instead of the desired zincalkoxide complex. Compounds TpMsZnCl, TpMsZnEt, TpMs*ZnEt, TpMsZnOAc, TpMsZnOCOPh, [TpMs*ZnOAc]2 were characterized by elemental analysis, ¹H and ¹³C NMR spectroscopy, as well as by X-ray diffraction studies for TpMsZnCl, TpMsZnEt, TpMsZnOAc, (k²-TpMs*)2Zn and [TpMs*ZnOAc]2. The former compounds adopt a monomeric structure in the solid state while [TpMs*ZnOAc]2 exists as an anti-syn bridged acetate dimer. Complex (k2-TpMs*)2Zn is fourcoordinated, featuring a rare bidentate coordination mode of the TpMs* ligands. The results are rationalized in terms of the variable steric constraint around the zinc atom provided by the TpMs and TpMs* ligands

Yttrium and aluminum catalysts and model complexes for ring-opening polymerization of lactide and beta-butyrolactone

A series of new Al(III) complexes bearing silyl ortho-substituted 2,6- bis(naphtholate)-pyridine tridentate ligands ({ONOSiR3}2-, SiR3 = SiPh3, SiMe2tBu) and two monomeric Y(III) complexes bearing a new cumyl ortho-substituted 2,6- bis(phenolate)-pyridine tridentate ligand {ONOMe,Cumyl}2- have been prepared and structurally characterized in solution and in the solid-state. Preliminary studies on the catalytic performances of the compounds in the ROP of racemic lactide and β- butyrolactone are described. Also, details of the reactions of chiral Al-lactate and -{β- alkoxy ester} complexes which are close models/mimics of the first intermediates and active species involved in the initiation and propagation steps of the ROP of lactides and β-lactones with stoichiometric amounts of lactide

Yttrium and aluminum catalysts and model complexes for ring-opening polymerization of lactide and beta-butyrolactone

A series of new Al(III) complexes bearing silyl ortho-substituted 2,6- bis(naphtholate)-pyridine tridentate ligands ({ONOSiR3}2-, SiR3 = SiPh3, SiMe2tBu) and two monomeric Y(III) complexes bearing a new cumyl ortho-substituted 2,6- bis(phenolate)-pyridine tridentate ligand {ONOMe,Cumyl}2- have been prepared and structurally characterized in solution and in the solid-state. Preliminary studies on the catalytic performances of the compounds in the ROP of racemic lactide and β- butyrolactone are described. Also, details of the reactions of chiral Al-lactate and -{β- alkoxy ester} complexes which are close models/mimics of the first intermediates and active species involved in the initiation and propagation steps of the ROP of lactides and β-lactones with stoichiometric amounts of lactide

Polimerização de etileno em altas pressões e temperaturas

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Organometal-catalyzed synthesis of high molecular weight poly-( l -lactic acid) with a covalently attached imidazolium salt: performance-enhanced reduced graphene oxide–PLLA biomaterials

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