Haplotype analysis of APOE intragenic SNPs

BACKGROUND: APOE epsilon4 allele is most common genetic risk factor for Alzheimer\u27s disease (AD) and cognitive decline. However, it remains poorly understood why only some carriers of APOE epsilon4 develop AD and how ethnic variabilities in APOE locus contribute to AD risk. Here, to address the role of APOE haplotypes, we reassessed the diversity of APOE locus in major ethnic groups and in Alzheimer\u27s Disease Neuroimaging Initiative (ADNI) dataset on patients with AD, and subjects with mild cognitive impairment (MCI), and control non-demented individuals. RESULTS: We performed APOE gene haplotype analysis for a short block of five SNPs across the gene using the ADNI whole genome sequencing dataset. The compilation of ADNI data with 1000 Genomes identified the APOE epsilon4 linked haplotypes, which appeared to be distant for the Asian, African and European populations. The common European epsilon4-bearing haplotype is associated with AD but not with MCI, and the Africans lack this haplotype. Haplotypic inference revealed alleles that may confer protection against AD. By assessing the DNA methylation profile of the APOE haplotypes, we found that the AD-associated haplotype features elevated APOE CpG content, implying that this locus can also be regulated by genetic-epigenetic interactions. CONCLUSIONS: We showed that SNP frequency profiles within APOE locus are highly skewed to population-specific haplotypes, suggesting that the ancestral background within different sites at APOE gene may shape the disease phenotype. We propose that our results can be utilized for more specific risk assessment based on population descent of the individuals and on higher specificity of five site haplotypes associated with AD

Measurement-induced entanglement and teleportation on a noisy quantum processor

Measurement has a special role in quantum theory: by collapsing the wavefunction it can enable phenomena such as teleportation and thereby alter the "arrow of time" that constrains unitary evolution. When integrated in many-body dynamics, measurements can lead to emergent patterns of quantum information in space-time that go beyond established paradigms for characterizing phases, either in or out of equilibrium. On present-day NISQ processors, the experimental realization of this physics is challenging due to noise, hardware limitations, and the stochastic nature of quantum measurement. Here we address each of these experimental challenges and investigate measurement-induced quantum information phases on up to 70 superconducting qubits. By leveraging the interchangeability of space and time, we use a duality mapping, to avoid mid-circuit measurement and access different manifestations of the underlying phases -- from entanglement scaling to measurement-induced teleportation -- in a unified way. We obtain finite-size signatures of a phase transition with a decoding protocol that correlates the experimental measurement record with classical simulation data. The phases display sharply different sensitivity to noise, which we exploit to turn an inherent hardware limitation into a useful diagnostic. Our work demonstrates an approach to realize measurement-induced physics at scales that are at the limits of current NISQ processors

Planar center-fed leaky-wave antenna arrays for millimeter wave systems

Two kinds of planar center-fed leaky-wave antenna arrays for millimeter wave systems are presented. The antenna arrays consist of a printed one-dimensional periodic metal strip grating on a grounded dielectric waveguide and designed for broadside radiation. The first antenna array has a hybrid structure with a feeding device for the planar dielectric waveguide, represented by a center-fed linear slot waveguide array. The second antenna array has a simple single-layer structure with a feeding device, formed by a comb line using the central strip of the grating. The investigated examples of both kinds of arrays exhibit low return loss at frequencies of broadside radiation. The radiation efficiency of antennas exceeds 50 % at frequencies of up to 37-37.5 GHz, while the antenna gain is above 30 dBi

Redox potentials of primary electron acceptor quinone molecule (QA)− and conserved energetics of photosystem II in cyanobacteria with chlorophyll a and chlorophyll d

In a previous study, we measured the redox potential of the primary electron acceptor pheophytin (Phe) a of photosystem (PS) II in the chlorophyll d–dominated cyanobacterium Acaryochloris marina and a chlorophyll a–containing cyanobacterium, Synechocystis. We obtained the midpoint redox potential (Em) values of −478 mV for A. marina and −536 mV for Synechocystis. In this study, we measured the redox potentials of the primary electron acceptor quinone molecule (QA), i.e., Em(QA/QA−), of PS II and the energy difference between [P680·Phe a−·QA] and [P680·Phe a·QA−], i.e., ΔGPhQ. The Em(QA/QA−) of A. marina was determined to be +64 mV without the Mn cluster and was estimated to be −66 to −86 mV with a Mn-depletion shift (130–150 mV), as observed with other organisms. The Em(Phe a/Phe a−) in Synechocystis was measured to be −525 mV with the Mn cluster, which is consistent with our previous report. The Mn-depleted downshift of the potential was measured to be approximately −77 mV in Synechocystis, and this value was applied to A. marina (−478 mV); the Em(Phe a/Phe a−) was estimated to be approximately −401 mV. These values gave rise to a ΔGPhQ of −325 mV for A. marina and −383 mV for Synechocystis. In the two cyanobacteria, the energetics in PS II were conserved, even though the potentials of QA− and Phe a− were relatively shifted depending on the special pair, indicating a common strategy for electron transfer in oxygenic photosynthetic organisms

Radiation-induced preparation of metal nanostructures in coatings of interpolyelectrolyte complexes

Copper, silver and gold nanoparticles were obtained by reduction of metal ions under X-ray irradiation of “layer-by-layer” (LbL) coatings in a water-alcohol medium. The precursors for metal polymer composites (metallopolymer complexes) were prepared by sorption of metal ions in polyethyleneimine - poly (styrenesulfonic acid) and polyethyleneimine - poly (acrylic acid) coatings deposited on cotton fibers. EPR spectroscopy was use to characterize the complexation of metal ions in coatings with different chemical structure and variable number of polyanion-polycation layers. The effect of coating structure and thickness on the size and stability of nanoparticles was studied using TEM and microdiffraction measurements. Antibacterial activity was found for composites containing silver nanoparticles.The reported study was funded by RFBR according to the research project № 18-33-01155

FIGURE 13. Ixodes brevisetosus n in Description of eight new species of Ixodes Latreille, 1795 (Acari: Ixodidae) and redescription of I. auritulus Neumann, 1904, parasites of birds in the Australasian, Nearctic and Neotropical Regions

FIGURE 13. Ixodes brevisetosus n. sp., scanning electron micrographs of nymph (12 miles east of Edie Creek Road, Bulldog Road, Morobe, Papua New Guinea, USNMENT 01481774). A, Scutum; B, Alloscutum; C, Idiosoma, ventral view; D, Spiracular plate (arrows show orientation of spiracular plate: a, anterior; d, dorsal). Scale-bars: 0.1 mm. SEMs by D.A. ApanaskevichPublished as part of <i>Apanaskevich, Dmitry A., Apanaskevich, Maria A., Klimov, Pavel B., Edgy, Brett M., Bermúdez, Sergio E., Labruna, Marcelo B., Korzeev, Andrei I. & Barker, Stephen C., 2022, Description of eight new species of Ixodes Latreille, 1795 (Acari: Ixodidae) and redescription of I. auritulus Neumann, 1904, parasites of birds in the Australasian, Nearctic and Neotropical Regions, pp. 1-73 in Zootaxa 5173 (1)</i> on page 23, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5173.1.1, <a href="http://zenodo.org/record/6966076">http://zenodo.org/record/6966076</a&gt

FIGURE 36. Ixodes tinamou n in Description of eight new species of Ixodes Latreille, 1795 (Acari: Ixodidae) and redescription of I. auritulus Neumann, 1904, parasites of birds in the Australasian, Nearctic and Neotropical Regions

FIGURE 36. Ixodes tinamou n. sp., scanning electron micrographs of female (Tinki, Ocongate, Cuzco, Peru, USNMENT 00987216, paratype). A, Idiosoma, dorsal view; B, Scutum, dorsal view; C, Scutum, dorsolateral view; D, Alloscutal setae in central area of alloscutum; E, Alloscutal setae in area of alloscutum medial to marginal grooves; F, Idiosoma, ventral view. Scale-bars: A, F, 0.5 mm; B, C, 0.2 mm; D, E, 0.05 mm. SEMs by D.A. ApanaskevichPublished as part of Apanaskevich, Dmitry A., Apanaskevich, Maria A., Klimov, Pavel B., Edgy, Brett M., Bermúdez, Sergio E., Labruna, Marcelo B., Korzeev, Andrei I. & Barker, Stephen C., 2022, Description of eight new species of Ixodes Latreille, 1795 (Acari: Ixodidae) and redescription of I. auritulus Neumann, 1904, parasites of birds in the Australasian, Nearctic and Neotropical Regions, pp. 1-73 in Zootaxa 5173 (1) on page 65, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5173.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/696607

FIGURE 12. Ixodes brevisetosus n in Description of eight new species of Ixodes Latreille, 1795 (Acari: Ixodidae) and redescription of I. auritulus Neumann, 1904, parasites of birds in the Australasian, Nearctic and Neotropical Regions

FIGURE 12. Ixodes brevisetosus n. sp., scanning electron micrographs of female (12 miles east of Edie Creek Road, Bulldog Road, Morobe, Papua New Guinea, USNMENT 01481776, paratype). A, Spiracular plate (arrows show orientation of spiracular plate: a, anterior; d, dorsal); B, Gnathosoma, dorsal view; C, Gnathosoma, ventral view; D, Gnathosoma, anteroventral view; E, Palpal segment I, medial view; F, Coxae I–III and trochanters I–III; G, Coxa IV and trochanter IV. Scale-bars: A–E, 0.1 mm; F, G, 0.2 mm. SEMs by D.A. ApanaskevichPublished as part of Apanaskevich, Dmitry A., Apanaskevich, Maria A., Klimov, Pavel B., Edgy, Brett M., Bermúdez, Sergio E., Labruna, Marcelo B., Korzeev, Andrei I. & Barker, Stephen C., 2022, Description of eight new species of Ixodes Latreille, 1795 (Acari: Ixodidae) and redescription of I. auritulus Neumann, 1904, parasites of birds in the Australasian, Nearctic and Neotropical Regions, pp. 1-73 in Zootaxa 5173 (1) on page 22, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5173.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/696607

FIGURE 28. Ixodes rio n in Description of eight new species of Ixodes Latreille, 1795 (Acari: Ixodidae) and redescription of I. auritulus Neumann, 1904, parasites of birds in the Australasian, Nearctic and Neotropical Regions

FIGURE 28. Ixodes rio n. sp., scanning electron micrographs of female (Alto do Itatiaia, Serra do Itatiaia, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, USNMENT 00987157, paratype). A, Idiosoma, dorsal view; B, Scutum, dorsal view; C, Scutum, dorsolateral view; D, Alloscutal setae in central area of alloscutum; E, Alloscutal setae in area of alloscutum medial to marginal grooves; F, Idiosoma, ventral view. Scale-bars: A, F, 0.5 mm; B, C, 0.2 mm; D, E, 0.05 mm. SEMs by D.A. ApanaskevichPublished as part of Apanaskevich, Dmitry A., Apanaskevich, Maria A., Klimov, Pavel B., Edgy, Brett M., Bermúdez, Sergio E., Labruna, Marcelo B., Korzeev, Andrei I. & Barker, Stephen C., 2022, Description of eight new species of Ixodes Latreille, 1795 (Acari: Ixodidae) and redescription of I. auritulus Neumann, 1904, parasites of birds in the Australasian, Nearctic and Neotropical Regions, pp. 1-73 in Zootaxa 5173 (1) on page 51, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5173.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/696607

FIGURE 16. Ixodes brevisetosus n in Description of eight new species of Ixodes Latreille, 1795 (Acari: Ixodidae) and redescription of I. auritulus Neumann, 1904, parasites of birds in the Australasian, Nearctic and Neotropical Regions

FIGURE 16. Ixodes brevisetosus n. sp., scanning electron micrographs of larva (12 miles east of Edie Creek Road, Bulldog Road, Morobe, Papua New Guinea, USNMENT 01481760). A, Scutum; B, Gnathosoma, dorsal view; C, Gnathosoma, ventral view; D, Gnathosoma, anteroventral view; E, Coxae and trochanters. Scale-bars: A, E, 0.1 mm; B–D, 0.05 mm. SEMs by D.A. ApanaskevichPublished as part of <i>Apanaskevich, Dmitry A., Apanaskevich, Maria A., Klimov, Pavel B., Edgy, Brett M., Bermúdez, Sergio E., Labruna, Marcelo B., Korzeev, Andrei I. & Barker, Stephen C., 2022, Description of eight new species of Ixodes Latreille, 1795 (Acari: Ixodidae) and redescription of I. auritulus Neumann, 1904, parasites of birds in the Australasian, Nearctic and Neotropical Regions, pp. 1-73 in Zootaxa 5173 (1)</i> on page 27, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5173.1.1, <a href="http://zenodo.org/record/6966076">http://zenodo.org/record/6966076</a&gt