Endometriosis with dyspnea – is it possible?

Dyspnea is defined by American Thoracic Society as a subjective experience of breathing discomfort that consist of qualitatively distinct sensation that vary in intensity. As a pulmonary symptom, it is rarely associated with pathology of the reproductive organs. However, shortness of breath can be the first sign of endometriosis. The entity known as thoracic endometriosis syndrome is a manifestation of endometriosis, within the lung parenchyma or on the diaphram and pleural surface. This includes catamenial pneumothorax, hemothorax, hemoptysis, and pulmonary nodules

History of glucose monitoring: past, present, future

New technologies in diabetes care are developing dynamically in recent years. The article presents a historical outline of the methods of glucose measurement and current and developing glucose monitoring technologies

Physical activity in prevention and treatment of type 2 diabetes mellitus

Type 2 diabetes in more than 70% of cases is caused by overweight and obesity. In many cases, a proper diet and increased physical activity are effective in the prevention and treatment of insulin resistance and pre-diabetes, which usually prevents the development of the disease. However, the recommendations for physical activity in type 2 diabetics differ from those for healthy people. The paper presents an analysis of recommendations concerning physical activity in the prevention and treatment of type 2 diabetes

The prevalence of arterial hypertension depending on selected demographic factors among adult residents of eastern Poland district

Background. Identification and analysis of risk factors are important aspects of planning the long-term actions toprevent, early diagnose and properly treat hypertension. The aim of this study was to examine the prevalence of hypertension and to determine the relationship between the prevalence of hypertension and selected sociodemographicfactors among adult residents of a typical eastern Poland district. Material and methods. The study involved 1225 residents of the Janów Lubelski district aged between 36 and 65years. The research methodology included a questionnaire survey. Blood pressure, body weight and height weremeasured, the BMI was calculated. Statistical analysis was performed. Results. 26.8% of subjects are treated for hypertension. 32.9% of hypertensive subjects are treated properly andwomen have better control of hypertension than man (41.3% vs. 19.7%). Among subjects without treatmentfor hypertension, 37.5% of them have abnormally high blood pressure and it is more common in men (58.9%vs. 43.4%). The prevalence of hypertension increased with age. The percentages are from 8.6% for subjects aged36–40 to 45.7% for subjects aged 61–65. Higher prevalence of hypertension is observed in men below the age of50 compared to women. There is the significant rising prevalence of hypertension in women above the age of 50.The relationship between the prevalence of hypertension and the educational background is demonstrated. Amongsubjects with elementary education, the prevalence of hypertension is higher (45.5%) as compared to subjects withhigher education (18.2%). Area of residence and marital status have no effects on the prevalence of hypertension. Conclusions. The prevalence of hypertension was lower compared to other epidemiological studies. Improvements in hypertension control have been observed for many years. The educational background has an important influence on the prevalence of hypertension. Further studies are required to establish the influence of an area of residence and marital status on the prevalence of hypertension

Electronic circular dichroism of the Cas9 protein and gRNA : Cas9 ribonucleoprotein complex

The Streptococcus pyogenes Cas9 protein (SpCas9), a component of CRISPR-based immune system in microbes, has become commonly utilized for genome editing. This nuclease forms a ribonucleoprotein (RNP) complex with guide RNA (gRNA) which induces Cas9 structural changes and triggers its cleavage activity. Here, electronic circular dichroism (ECD) spectroscopy was used to confirm the RNP formation and to determine its individual components. The ECD spectra had characteristic features differentiating Cas9 and gRNA, the former showed a negative/positive profile with maxima located at 221, 209 and 196 nm, while the latter revealed positive/negative/positive/negative pattern with bands observed at 266, 242, 222 and 209 nm, respectively. For the first time, the experimental ECD spectrum of the gRNA:Cas9 RNP complex is presented. It exhibits a bisignate positive/negative ECD couplet with maxima at 273 and 235 nm, and it differs significantly from individual spectrum of each RNP components. Additionally, the Cas9 protein and RNP complex retained biological activity after ECD measurements and they were able to bind and cleave DNA in vitro. Hence, we conclude that ECD spectroscopy can be considered as a quick and non-destructive method of monitoring conformational changes of the Cas9 protein as a result of Cas9 and gRNA interaction, and identification of the gRNA:Cas9 RNP complex

Comparative analysis of phenolic acids and flavonoids in shoot cultures of Eryngium alpinum L. : an endangered and protected species with medicinal value

Phenolic acids and flavonoids, important bioactive compounds of polyphenols, play a significant role in plants; their impact, mainly as antioxidants, on human health have been of great interest in recent years. The genetically uniform shoots of Eryngium alpinum L. cultured in vitro, developed via axillary buds and regenerated from callus tissue, maintained on the media supplemented with various plant growth regulators, were subjected to the phenolic acids and flavonoids quantitative analysis applying HPLC-DAD technique. In vitro cultures give the opportunity to perform the phytochemical studies on the protected species without harvesting the plant material from natural environment. Depending on the hormonal supplementation, the biomass from the shoot cultures accumulated from 11.41 to 25 times more phenolic acids [the total content ranged from 158.66 to 1817.96 mg/100 g of dry weight (DW)] and from 6.8 to 11.8 times more flavonoids (the total content ranged from 29.30 to 51.30 mg/100 g DW) than the shoots from the soil-grown plant. The polyphenols present in the shoot cultures include two phenolic acids: 3,4-dihydroxyphenylacetic and caffeic, four depsides: caftaric, neochlorogenic, chlorogenic, isochlorogenic, and rosmarinic acids, and flavonoids: aglycone-isoquercetin and glucoside-quercitrin. Most of them (apart from chlorogenic and rosmarinic acids) were detected for the first time in this species cultured in vitro. To our best knowledge, the present report is the first one that discusses establishment of Eryngium alpinum L. in vitro cultures and the shoot and callus biomass capacity to produce two subgroups of polyphenols i.e. phenolic acids and flavonoids

Nieprawidłowa implantacja łożyska — diagnostyka, postępowanie, doświadczenia własne

Konsekwencją wzrastającej w ostatnich latach liczby cięć cesarskich jest pojawienie się problemu powikłań implantacji łożyska w kolejnych ciążach — łożyska wrastającego, przodującego. Główną metodą diagnostyki w ciąży jest badanie ultrasonograficzne przy użyciu głowicy przezpochwowej. Dodatkową rolę diagnostyczną odgrywa rezonans magnetyczny. Postępowaniem z wyboru w obu przypadkach jest zakończenie ciąży drogą planowego cięcia cesarskiego. W przypadku rozpoznania łożyska wrastającego może być konieczne wykonanie histerektomii okołoporodowej. U 2 pacjentek z podejrzeniem patologii łożyska, hospitalizowanych w ośrodku o III stopniu referencyjności, po wykonaniu diagnostyki i wdrożeniu postępowania terapeutycznego uzyskano potwierdzenie w ostatecznym badaniu histopatologicznym nieprawidłowości łożyska pod postacią łożyska przyrośniętego i wrośniętego

Ocena zależności między częstością występowania cukrzycy a wybranymi czynnikami demograficznymi

Wstęp. Chorobowość z powodu cukrzycy rośnie w szybkim tempie. Wzrost ten wiąże się przede wszystkim ze zwiększoną częstością występowania nadwagi i otyłości oraz starzeniem się społeczeństwa. Celem pracy jest ocena częstości występowania cukrzycy wśród osób dorosłych zamieszkujących typowy powiat wschodniej Polski oraz określenie zależności między występowaniem cukrzycy a wybranymi czynnikami demograficznymi. Materiał i metody. W badaniu wzięło udział 1225 osób zamieszkujących powiat janowski województwa lubelskiego w wieku 36–65 lat. Jednym z narzędzi badawczych był kwestionariusz ankiety. Uzyskane wyniki zostały opracowane statystycznie. Dla celów statystycznych badani zostali pogrupowani w 5-letnich przedziałach wiekowych. Wyniki. Częstość występowania cukrzycy w badanej populacji wynosi 4,7%. Badanie wykazuje wzrost częstości zachorowania wraz z wiekiem. Chorobowość w poszczególnych grupach wiekowych wynosi: 0,6% (36–40); 1,5% (41–45); 2,0% (46–50); 5,1% (51–55)