Different migration strategies used by two inland wader species during autumn migration, case of Wood Sandpiper Tringa glareola and Common Snipe Gallinago gallinago

Waders generally follow two alternative strategies. The "B-strategy" or "energy minimization" strategy is to initiate migration late in the season, start moulting at the breeding grounds and migrate slowly in small steps, whereas the "S-strategy" or "time minimization" is to migrate immediately after the end of the breeding period and moult on the wintering grounds after a migration with only a few stopover sites. We studied Wood Sandpipers Tringa glareola and Common Snipes Gallinago gallinago at the Polish Jeziorsko reservoir. Adult and juvenile Wood Sandpipers migrate during different periods, and showed no signs of moult. In contrast, both age groups of Common Snipe migrate during the same period, and up to 30% of ringed adult Common Snipes had started their post-breeding moult at the reservoir. Wood Sandpipers stayed 4-5 days at the reservoir, where they fattened at a rate of 1.15 g/day (which was positively correlated with their length of stay, r = 0.21), and left with 21% of fat (% of LBM), allowing them to cover distances exceeding 2,500 km (which enables them to reach the coast of the Mediterranean Sea). In contrast, Common Snipes stayed 11 days, fattening 0.3 g/day, and left the reservoir independently of their fat reserve. Common Snipes stored a significantly smaller fat reserve than Wood Sandpipers, and their reserve was predicted to allow maximally 1,500 km of constant flight. Our findings support the hypothesis that, under common feeding conditions at Jeziorsko reservoir, Common Snipes behave according to the energy minimization strategy whereas Wood Sandpipers use a time minimization strategy

The impact of foams structure on heat transfer

Piany metalowe są obiecującym nośnikiem katalizatorów dla szybkich procesów katalitycznych. Posiadają one wiele interesujących właściwości, z których najważniejsze to duża powierzchnia właściwa, duża wolna objętość (porowatość) oraz stosunkowo małe opory przepływu. Piany można traktować jako rozwiązanie pośrednie pomiędzy monolitami a złożem ziaren. W artykule przedstawiono wyniki badania wnikania ciepła dla piany chromoniklowej NC 2733 oraz trzech pian aluminiowych o różnej gęstości porów.Metallic foams appear as promising catalyst carriers for fast catalytic reactions. They combine many beneficial properties, like large specific surface area, high porosity and relatively low pressure drop. The foams can be regarded as an intermediate between monolith and packed bed. In this paper, the heat transfer characteristic were studied for a 30 pores per inch NC 2733 and three Al foams

X-shooter near-IR spectrograph arm: design and manufacturing methods

Contains fulltext : 34865.pdf (publisher's version ) (Open Access)X-shooter, the first 2nd generation VLT instrument, is a new high-efficiency echelle spectrograph. X-shooter operates at the Cassegrain focus and covers an exceptionally wide spectral range from 300 to 2500 nm in a single exposure, with an intermediate spectral resolving power R~5000. The instrument consists of a central structure and three prism cross-dispersed echelle spectrographs optimized for th

Mieszanie osiowe w pianach stałych

Wyznaczono dyspersję osiową dla jednofazowego przepływu cieczy (wody i 45% roztworu gliceryny) przez złoże metalowych i ceramicznych pian stałych. Otrzymane wyniki zostały porównane z wartościami właściwymi dla złoża kulek. Określono wpływ lepkości cieczy na mierzony parametr. Dodatkowo wyznaczono również opory przepływu.Metal and ceramic solid foams were examined to determine axial dispersion for liquids (water and 45% glycerol solution) single phase flow; the results obtained for the packed bed of spheres were used for comparison. The influence of the liquid viscosity on axial dispersion was tested. Moreover, flow resistance was also measured

Flow resistance, transport phenomena for metallic foam. Experiments

Wyznaczono eksperymentalnie opory przepływu i współczynniki transportu przy przepływie powietrza przez pianę NiCr rozważaną jako nośnik katalizatora w reaktorach strukturalnych. Współczynniki wnikania ciepła wyznaczono ogrzewając pianę przepływającym przez nią prądem elektrycznym. Współczynniki wnikania masy wyznaczono w oparciu o analogię Chiltona-Colburna. Otrzymane wyniki porównano z reaktorem ze złożem ziaren usypanych oraz monolitem.Flow resistance and transport properties for air flow through metallic NiCr foam were experimentally studied. The foam was considered as a catalyst carrier in structured reactors. Heat transfer coefficients were determined by foam heating by electric current flowing directly through it. Mass transfer coefficiants were determined based on the Chilton-Colburn analogy. The results were compared with packed bed and monolithic reactor

Morphological characteristics and transport coefficients for reticulated vitreous carbon (RVC) foams

W pracy przedstawiono parametry morfologiczne oraz współczynniki transportowe dla szklistych pian węglowych (RVC) o gęstości porów wynoszącej 30 i 80 PPI. Parametry morfologiczne pian określono za pomocą mikrotomografu SkySkan 1172. Współczynniki wnikania ciepła wyznaczono ogrzewając pianę przepływającym przez nią prądem elektrycznym. Współczynniki wnikania masy wyznaczono w oparciu o analogię Chiltona-Colburna.In this paper, the morphological parameters and transport coefficients are studied for the reticulated vitreous carbon (RVC) foams of pore density 30 and 80 PPI. SkySkan 1172 X-ray microtomograph was used to study the foam structure. Heat transfer coefficients were determined by foam heating by electric current flowing directly through it. Mass transfer coefficients were determined based on the Chilton-Colburn analogy

Avian influenza viruses in wild birds at the Jeziorsko reservoir in Poland in 2008-2010

During a 3-year surveillance study for avian influenza virus (AIV) infections at the Jeziorsko reservoir in central Poland, 549 oropharyngeal or cloacal swabs from 366 birds of 14 species belonging to 3 orders (Anseriformes, Charadriiformes and Gruiformes) were tested. AIV was detected in 14 birds (3.8%): Common Teals (12x), Mallard (1x) and Garganey (1x). Three potentially dangerous H5 AIV were detected in Common Teals (2x) and Garganey (1x) but all of them revealed a low pathogenic pathotype. A unique cleavage site amino acid motif PQREIR*GLF was found in one H5 isolate from a Garganey