Kongenitale Fehlbildungen der Wirbelsäule im Wachstum

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Factor analysis of the SRS-22 outcome assessment instrument in patients with adult spinal deformity

PURPOSE: Designed for patients with adolescent idiopathic scoliosis, the SRS-22 is now widely used as an outcome instrument in patients with adult spinal deformity (ASD). No studies have confirmed the four-factor structure (pain, function, self-image, mental health) of the SRS-22 in ASD and under different contexts. Factorial invariance of an instrument over time and in different languages is essential to allow for precise interpretations of treatment success and comparisons across studies. This study sought to evaluate the invariance of the SRS-22 structure across different languages and sub-groups of ASD patients. METHODS: Confirmatory factor analysis was performed on the 20 non-management items of the SRS-22 with data from 245 American English-, 428 Spanish-, 229 Turkish-, 95 French-, and 195 German-speaking patients. Item loading invariance was compared across languages, age groups, etiologies, treatment groups, and assessment times. A separate sample of SRS-22 data from 772 American surgical patients with ASD was used for cross-validation. RESULTS: The factor structure fitted significantly better to the proposed four-factor solution than to a unifactorial solution. However, items 14 (personal relationships), 15 (financial difficulties), and 17 (days off work) consistently showed weak item loading within their factors across all language versions and in both baseline and follow-up datasets. A trimmed SRS (16 non-management items) that used the four least problematic items in each of the four domains yielded better-fitting models across all languages, but equivalence was still not reached. With this shorter version there was equivalence of item loading with respect to treatment (surgery vs conservative), time of assessment (baseline vs 12 months follow-up), and etiology (degenerative vs idiopathic), but not age (< vs ≥50 years). All findings were confirmed in the cross-validation sample. CONCLUSION: We recommend removal of the worst-fitting items from each of the four domains of the SRS-instrument (items 3, 14, 15, 17), together with adaptation and standardization of other items across language versions, to provide an improved version of the instrument with just 16 non-management items

Factors associated with having an indication for surgery in adult spinal deformity: an international european multicentre study

PURPOSE The aim of this study was to evaluate factors that distinguish between patients with adult spinal deformity (ASD) with and without an indication for surgery, irrespective of their final treatment. METHODS Baseline variables (demographics, medical history, outcome measures, coronal, sagittal and neurologic parameters) were evaluated in a multicentre, prospective cohort of patients with ASD. Multivariable analyses were carried out for idiopathic and degenerative patients separately with the dependent variable being "indication for surgery" and baseline parameters as independent variables. RESULTS In total, 342 patients with degenerative ASD and 624 patients with idiopathic ASD were included in the multivariable models. In patients with degenerative ASD, the parameters associated with having an indication for surgery were greater self-rated disability on the Oswestry Disability Index [odds ratio (OR) 1.04, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.02-1.07] and a lower thoracic kyphosis (OR 0.97 95% CI 0.95-0.99), whereas in patients with idiopathic ASD, it was lower (worse) SRS self-image scores (OR 0.45 95% CI 0.32-0.64), a higher value for the major Cobb angle (OR 1.03 95% CI 1.01-1.05), lower age (OR 0.96 95% CI 0.95-0.98), prior decompression (OR 3.76 95% CI 1.00-14.08), prior infiltration (OR 2.23 95% CI 1.12-4.43), and the presence of rotatory subluxation (OR 1.98 95% CI 1.11-3.54) and sagittal subluxation (OR 4.38 95% CI 1.61-11.95). CONCLUSION Specific sets of variables were found to be associated with an indication for surgery in patients with ASD. These should be investigated in relation to patient outcomes for their potential to guide the future development of decision aids in the treatment of ASD. These slides can be retrieved under Electronic Supplementary Material

Development of a mapping function ("crosswalk") for the conversion of scores between the Oswestry Disability Index (ODI) and the Core Outcome Measures Index (COMI).

INTRODUCTION The Oswestry Disability Index (ODI) and the Core Outcome Measures Index (COMI) are two commonly used self-rating outcome instruments in patients with lumbar spinal disorders. No formal crosswalk between them exists that would otherwise allow the scores of one to be interpreted in terms of the other. We aimed to create such a mapping function. METHODS We performed a secondary analysis of ODI and COMI data previously collected from 3324 patients (57 ± 17y; 60.3% female) at baseline and 1y after surgical or conservative treatment. Correlations between scores and Cohen's kappa for agreement (κ) regarding achievement of the minimal clinically important change (MCIC) score on each instrument (ODI, 12.8 points; COMI, 2.2 points) were calculated, and regression models were built. The latter were tested for accuracy in an independent set of registry data from 634 patients (60 ± 15y; 56.8% female). RESULTS All pairs of measures were significantly positively correlated (baseline, 0.73; 1y follow-up (FU), 0.84; change-scores, 0.73). MCIC for COMI was achieved in 53.9% patients and for ODI, in 52.4%, with 78% agreement on an individual basis (κ = 0.56). Standard errors for the regression slopes and intercepts were low, indicating excellent prediction at the group level, but root mean square residuals (reflecting individual error) were relatively high. ODI was predicted as COMI × 7.13-4.20 (at baseline), COMI × 6.34 + 2.67 (at FU) and COMI × 5.18 + 1.92 (for change-score); COMI was predicted as ODI × 0.075 + 3.64 (baseline), ODI × 0.113 + 0.96 (FU), and ODI × 0.102 + 1.10 (change-score). ICCs were 0.63-0.87 for derived versus actual scores. CONCLUSION Predictions at the group level were very good and met standards justifying the pooling of data. However, we caution against using individual values for treatment decisions, e.g. attempting to monitor patients over time, first with one instrument and then with the other, due to the lower statistical precision at the individual level. The ability to convert scores via the developed mapping function should open up more centres/registries for collaboration and facilitate the combining of data in meta-analyses

Factores de riesgo para la recurrencia de hernia de disco lumbar Fatores de risco de recorrência de hérnia de disco lombar Risk factors for recurrent lumbar disc herniation

OBJETIVO: La recurrencia de hernia del disco lumbar es un padecimiento que implica algunas dificultades en relación con el diagnóstico y tratamiento. Es importante tratar de identificar los factores que puedan influir en la presentación de la recurrencia. MÉTODOS: Se revisaron los casos de pacientes operados por hernia de disco lumbar recurrente entre los años de 2006 y 2008, buscando identificar los factores que tuvieran relación con dicha patología, y también se revisaron los casos de pacientes operados por hernia de disco lumbar en forma primaria. RESULTADOS: Se analizaron los casos de 20 pacientes con hernia discal lumbar recurrente y de 27 con hernia discal lumbar operados en forma primaria. Para los pacientes con recurrencia, se encontró que el 95% de ellos presentaban algún grado de obesidad, determinado por la Fórmula de Quetelet basada en el Índice de Masa Corporal; se observó también que el 75% de los casos tenían protrusión, con resultados excelentes en 35%, y buenos en 55%, el 10% presentó molestias residuales de forma grave. Para los pacientes con hernia primaria se estudiaron 27 casos, en los que se observó que el 92% de ellos se operaron antes de los 6 meses de iniciado el cuadro, 38% tuvieron resultados excelentes, 40% buenos y el 19% malos resultados. Al estudiar las variables, con el índice de Pearson, se encontró relación de la recurrencia con tabaquismo, trabajo, diabetes e hipertensión, y nivel de estudios, no con la obesidad. CONCLUSIONES: es destacable que dos de los factores relacionados son susceptibles de modificación antes del evento quirúrgico o posteriormente a este, lo cual puede beneficiar el desenlace del mismo.<br>OBJETIVO: A hérnia de disco envolve algumas dificuldades com relação ao diagnóstico e tratamento. É importante identificar os fatores que podem influenciar a recorrência. MÉTODOS: Foram analisados casos de pacientes operados de hérnia de disco lombar recidivante entre 2006 e 2008, buscando identificar os fatores que têm relação com a doença; também se analisaram os casos de pacientes submetidos à cirurgia primária de hérnia de disco lombar. RESULTADOS: Foram analisados os casos de 20 pacientes com hérnia de disco lombar recidivante e 27 casos de cirurgia primária de hérnia de disco lombar. Para os pacientes com recorrência, constatou-se que 95% tinham algum grau de obesidade, determinada pela fórmula de Quetelet, baseada no Índice de Massa Corporal; e também foi observado que 75% dos casos eram protrusão do disco com excelentes resultados em 35% e bons em 55%; 10% tiveram problemas residual grave. Foram estudados 27 casos de pacientes com hérnia primária, nos quais se verificou que 92% foram operados antes dos 6 meses do início do quadro, 38% tiveram resultados excelentes, 40%, bom e 19%, resultado ruim. Ao considerar as variáveis com a relação de Pearson encontrou-se relação da recorrência com tabagismo, trabalho, diabetes, hipertensão e escolaridade, mas não com a obesidade. CONCLUSÃO: É importante ressaltar que dois dos fatores estão sujeitos a alteração antes da cirurgia ou depois dela, o que pode beneficiar o resultado do mesmo.<br>OBJECTIVE: Recurrent lumbar disc herniation is a condition that involves some difficulties in relation to diagnosis and treatment. It is important to identify factors that may influence recurrence. METHODS: We reviewed cases of patients operated for recurrent lumbar disc herniation between 2006 and 2008, seeking to identify the factors that have relation with this disease, and also reviewed the cases of patients that underwent primary surgery for herniated lumbar disc. RESULTS: We analyzed the cases of 20 patients with recurrent lumbar disc herniation and 27. For patients with recurrence, it was found that 95% had some degree of obesity determined by the Quetelet Index, based on Body Mass Index; it was also observed that 75% of cases were protruding with excellent results in 35% and good in 55%, 10% had severe residual conditions. In patients with primary hernia were studied 27 cases in which it was noted that 92% were operated before 6 months of the onset of the condition, 38% had excellent results, 40% good and 19% poor outcomes. Considering the variables with the Pearson correlation, it was found that the recurrence is related to smoking, work, diabetes and hypertension, and schooling, but not with obesity. CONCLUSIONS: It is remarkable that two of the factors are subject to change before or after the surgery, which can benefit the ir outcomes