3,682 research outputs found
Flexible Labor and Innovation Performance: Evidence from Longitudinal Firm-Level Data
Firms with high shares of workers on fixed-term contracts have significantly higher sales of imitative new products but perform significantly worse on sales of innoĂÂŹvaĂÂŹtive new products (ââŹĹfirst on the marketââŹ). High functional flexibility in ââŹĹinsider-outsiderâ⏠laĂÂŹbor markets enhances a firmââŹâ˘s new product sales, as do training efforts and highly eduĂÂŹcaĂÂŹĂÂŹted personnel. We find weak evidence that larger and older firms have higher new proĂÂŹduct sales than do younger and smaller firms. Our findings should be food for thought to eco-nomists making unqualified pleas for the deregulation of labor markets.J5;M5;O15;O31;OSA longitudinal dataset;SMEs;innovation performance;new product sales;numerical flexibility
Flexible labor and innovation performance: Evidence from longitudinal firm-level data
Firms with high shares of workers on fixed-term contracts have significantly higher sales of imitative new products but perform significantly worse on sales of innovative new products (âfirst on the marketâ). High functional flexibility in âinsider-outsiderâ labor markets enhances a firmâs new product sales, as do training efforts and highly educated personnel. We find weak evidence that larger and older firms have higher new product sales than do younger and smaller firms. Our findings should be food for thought to economists making unqualified pleas for the deregulation of labor markets.Innovation performance; new product sales; numerical flexibility; functional flexibility; SMEs; OSA longitudinal data
CP Violation and Arrows of Time Evolution of a Neutral or Meson from an Incoherent to a Coherent State
We study the evolution of a neutral meson prepared as an incoherent equal
mixture of and . Denoting the density matrix by \rho(t) =
{1/2} N(t) [\1 + \vec{\zeta}(t) \cdot \vec{\sigma} ] , the norm of the state
is found to decrease monotonically from one to zero, while the magnitude
of the Stokes vector increases monotonically from zero to
one. This property qualifies these observables as arrows of time. Requiring
monotonic behaviour of for arbitrary values of and
yields a bound on the CP-violating overlap , which is similar to, but weaker than, the known unitarity
bound. A similar requirement on yields a new bound,
which is particularly effective in limiting
the CP-violating overlap in the - system. We obtain the Stokes
parameter which shows how the average strangeness of the beam
evolves from zero to . The evolution of the Stokes vector from
to has a resemblance to an order
parameter of a system undergoing spontaneous symmetry breaking.Comment: 13 pages, 6 figures. Inserted conon "." in title; minor change in
text. To appear in Physical review
An Experimental Scanning Capacitance Microscope
A fine needle stylus mounted to a three-dimensional piezo system is scanned across the sample in x-and y-direction, while a constant spacing between tip and sample, i.e., constant tip-to-sample capacitance, is maintained in z-direction. This is accomplished by vibrating the tip in z-direction at 1 kHz by typically 0.1 microns and by detecting the capacitance modulation from the shifting of the resonance of a tuned 1 GHz line. The horizontal resolution achieved so far is limited by the tip radius at about 200 nm and the vertical resolution is about 5 nm. The theoretical limits for finer tips are 7 nm and 1 nm for horizontal and vertical resolution, respectively
The impact of Labour Relations on Innovative Output: An Exploration of Firm-level Data in the Netherlands
A growing literature on determinants of innovative per-
formance focuses on factors such as market structure,
firm size, (regional and international) knowledge spill-
overs, R&D collaboration, conditions for appropriation
of innovation benefits, and others. This paper contrib-
utes to an aspect that is still sparsely explored: The im-
pact of labour relations and Human Resource Manage-
ment (HRM) practices on a firmâs innovative behaviour.
Our empirical findings identify that active HRM policies,
including job rotation, performance pay, and high
qualification levels of personnel contribute positively to
innovative performance
An attention-based view of short-termism:The effects of organizational structure
Debates about short-termism in business tend to center around the role of shareholder pressures and managersâ incentives, while the role of organizational structure remains understudied. In our paper, we adopt an attention-based lens to elucidate the role of organizational structure in directing the attention of management towards pressures for short-term results at the expense of the long term. Specifically, we argue that greater scale of operations, hierarchy, bureaucracy, and workforce flexibility reduce slack resources available to senior managers and increase the complexity of information presented to them in different ways. As a result, the senior managers shift their attention to short-term pressures, which are more easily understood, at the expense of attention for long-term considerations. Analysis based on a survey of senior managers in 3221 private firms in the Netherlands provides support for our arguments
Unstable particles as open quantum systems
We present the probability preserving description of the decaying particle
within the framework of quantum mechanics of open systems taking into account
the superselection rule prohibiting the superposition of the particle and
vacuum. In our approach the evolution of the system is given by a family of
completely positive trace preserving maps forming one-parameter dynamical
semigroup. We give the Kraus representation for the general evolution of such
systems which allows one to write the evolution for systems with two or more
particles. Moreover, we show that the decay of the particle can be regarded as
a Markov process by finding explicitly the master equation in the Lindblad
form. We also show that there are remarkable restrictions on the possible
strength of decoherence.Comment: 11 pp, 2 figs (published version
Paramaterizations of inclusive cross sections for pion production in proton-proton collisions. II. Comparison to new data
A set of new, precise data have recently been made available by the NA49
collaboration for charged pion production in proton-proton and proton-Carbon
reactions at 158 GeV. The current paper compares this new data to five
currently available arithmetic parameterizations. Although a precise fit is not
expected, two of the parameterizations do not work very well but the other
three are able to provide a moderately good, but not precise fit to the
proton-proton data. The best two of these three parameterizations are scaled to
the proton-Carbon data and again provide a moderately good, but not precise
fit.Comment: 11 pages, 13 figures, Accepted for publication in Physical Review
La participation des entreprises aux PCRD EuropĂŠens et ses impacts:Une comparaison France/Pays-Bas
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