On the non-commutative Iwasawa main conjecture for voltage covers of graphs

Let $p$ be a rational prime, and let $X$ be a connected finite graph. In this article we study voltage covers $X_\infty$ of $X$ attached to a voltage assignment ${\alpha}$ which takes values in some uniform $p$-adic Lie group $G$. We formulate and prove an Iwasawa main conjecture for the projective limit of the Picard groups $\text{Pic}(X_n)$ of the intermediate voltage covers $X_n$, ${n \in \mathbb{N}}$, and we prove one inclusion of a main conjecture for the projective limit of the Jacobians $J(X_n)$. Moreover, we study the $\mathfrak{M}_H(G)$-property of $\mathbb{Z}_p[[G]]$-modules and prove a necessary condition for this property which involves the $\mu$-invariants of $\mathbb{Z}_p$-subcovers ${Y \subseteq X_\infty}$ of $X$. If the dimension of $G$ is equal to 2, then this condition is also sufficient.Comment: 29 page

Eras of Digital Entrepreneurship

While recent research continues to emphasize the importance of digital entrepreneurship, the historical terminology of this field is often overlooked. Digital entrepreneurship tends to be considered a new phenomenon despite emerging in the early 1990s. Building on a scoping literature review, this study analyzes 1354 publications that use nine different terms interchangeably to describe the phenomenon of digital entrepreneurship. Based on the number of publications per year, three eras in the historical development of digital entrepreneurship research are outlined. Digital technologies are identified as external enablers, and certain practical events are considered to be influencing factors. The results show that recent research has not adequately recognized the contributions of previous publications and that the understanding of digital entrepreneurship is quite similar with regard to the terms used and over time. This study shows how emerging digital technologies, such as artificial intelligence, blockchain technology, and big data analytics, might shape the future of digital entrepreneurship research. The study occupies the intersection between entrepreneurship and information systems literature and its main contribution is to provide new insights into the eras of digital entrepreneurship from the past to the present and into the future

Personal condition but social cure:Agentic ingroups elevate well-being in chronically ill patients through perceptions of personal control

Objectives: Social-cure research has shown that ingroup identification can be beneficial for personal health and well-being. Initial evidence for healthy participants suggests that this might be due to group membership providing a sense of personal control. In this research, we investigate this pathway for chronically ill patients, assuming that any ingroup (even patient identity) can serve as social cure by increasing control as long as the ingroup is perceived as agentic (i.e., effective). Design: We conducted six correlational field studies with patients suffering from different chronic conditions, e.g., cancer (Ntotal = 795). Methods: All participants were asked about one specific ingroup, e.g., their self-help group. Our main measures were ingroup identification, ingroup agency, personal control and well-being, as well as self-esteem and social support (both discussed as alternative mediators). We performed simple mediation and/or moderated mediation analyses for each study and across studies (merging Studies 2–6). Results: Overall, the impact of ingroup identification on personal well-being was uniquely mediated via personal control (Studies 1, 2, 3, 6) but, as expected, only for those perceiving their ingroup as highly agentic (Studies 4, 5, 6). Conclusions: Ingroup agency is a boundary condition for the control-based pathway of the social cure effect supporting the model of group-based control. This has practical implications for clinical interventions with chronically ill patients

A SARS-CoV-2 Omicron outbreak among crew members on a cruise ship in Germany in early 2022

Background: Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) outbreaks on cruise shipshave rarely been investigated. In early 2022, we were informed about a SARS-CoV-2 outbreak on a cruiseship calling Port of Hamburg after 10 infections among crew members were detected. We conducted anoutbreak investigation in collaboration between ship owners, the ship physician and Hamburg’s Institutefor Hygiene and Environment, to identify risk factors and to achieve containment. The aim was to identifyrisk factors for SARS-CoV-2 infection and SARS-CoV-2 variants in a cohort of 165 crew members.Materials and methods: For this purpose, we collected data on age, sex, nationality, boarding-time, cabin use(single/shared), work place, and vaccination status of the study participants. Cases were defined as individualswho tested SARS-CoV-2 positive at least once in daily screenings during the outbreak period (10 days)by polymerase chain reaction or antigen test. We investigated risk factors for infection by descriptive, univariableand multivariable analysis. We performed whole genome sequencing to identify SARS-CoV-2 variants.Results: We verified 103 SARS-CoV-2 positive cases (attack rate [AR] 62.4%); 39/41 sequenced sampleswere BA.2.3 Omicron subtype, one BA.1 and one BA.1.1. Among boostered crew members, AR was 38%vs. 65% among those vaccinated once or twice. Among those who stayed < 30 days on board, AR was31% vs. 72% among those staying on board longer. Among Europeans, the AR was 53% vs. 71% in non--Europeans. Adjusting for age and sex, cases were more likely to have received no booster vaccine (oddsratio [OR]: 2.66, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.99–7.13), to have spent more time on board (≥ 30 days,OR: 6.36, 95% CI: 2.81–14.40 vs. < 30 days) and to have a non-European nationality (OR: 2.14, 95% CI:1.08–4.27). The outbreak stopped shortly after offboard isolation of cases.Conclusions: This investigation confirms the importance of a booster vaccine against COVID-19. Longerstays onboard could facilitate social mixing. Further studies could investigate the impact of social, cultural/behavioural patterns and public health access on the infection risk. Physical distancing together withscreening and isolation can contain SARS-CoV-2 outbreaks on cruise ships

A Preoperative Clinical Risk Score Including C-Reactive Protein Predicts Histological Tumor Characteristics and Patient Survival after Surgery for Sporadic Non-Functional Pancreatic Neuroendocrine Neoplasms:An International Multicenter Cohort Study

Background: Oncological survival after resection of pancreatic neuroendocrine neoplasms (panNEN) is highly variable depending on various factors. Risk stratification with preoperatively available parameters could guide decision-making in multidisciplinary treatment concepts. C-reactive Protein (CRP) is linked to inferior survival in several malignancies. This study assesses CRP within a novel risk score predicting histology and outcome after surgery for sporadic non-functional panNENs. Methods: A retrospective multicenter study with national exploration and international validation. CRP and other factors associated with overall survival (OS) were evaluated by multivariable cox-regression to create a clinical risk score (CRS). Predictive values regarding OS, disease-specific survival (DSS), and recurrence-free survival (RFS) were assessed by time-dependent receiver-operating characteristics. Results: Overall, 364 patients were included. Median CRP was significantly higher in patients >60 years, G3, and large tumors. In multivariable analysis, CRP was the strongest preoperative factor for OS in both cohorts. In the combined cohort, CRP (cut-off >= 0.2 mg/dL; hazard-ratio (HR):3.87), metastases (HR:2.80), and primary tumor size >= 3.0 cm (HR:1.83) showed a significant association with OS. A CRS incorporating these variables was associated with postoperative histological grading, T category, nodal positivity, and 90-day morbidity/mortality. Time-dependent area-under-the-curve at 60 months for OS, DSS, and RFS was 69%, 77%, and 67%, respectively (all p <0.001), and the inclusion of grading further improved the predictive potential (75%, 84%, and 78%, respectively). Conclusions: CRP is a significant marker of unfavorable oncological characteristics in panNENs. The proposed internationally validated CRS predicts histological features and patient survival

TGR(mREN2)27 rats develop non-alcoholic fatty liver disease-associated portal hypertension responsive to modulations of Janus-kinase 2 and Mas receptor

Prevalence of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is increasing. Resulting fibrosis and portal hypertension, as a possible secondary event, may necessitate treatment. Overexpression of mouse renin in the transgenic rat model, TGR(mREN2)27, leads to spontaneous development of NAFLD. Therefore, we used TGR(mREN2)27 rats as a model of NAFLD where we hypothesized increased susceptibility and investigated fibrosis and portal hypertension and associated pathways. 12-week old TGR(mREN2)27 rats received either cholestatic (BDL) or toxic injury (CCl4 inhalation). Portal and systemic hemodynamic assessments were performed using microsphere technique with and without injection of the Janus-Kinase 2 (JAK2) inhibitor AG490 or the non-peptidic Ang(1-7) agonist, AVE0991. The extent of liver fibrosis was assessed in TGR(mREN2)27 and wild-type rats using standard techniques. Protein and mRNA levels of profibrotic, renin-angiotensin system components were assessed in liver and primary hepatic stellate cells (HSC) and hepatocytes. TGR(mREN2)27 rats developed spontaneous, but mild fibrosis and portal hypertension due to the activation of the JAK2/Arhgef1/ROCK pathway. AG490 decreased migration of HSC and portal pressure in isolated liver perfusions and in vivo. Fibrosis or portal hypertension after cholestatic (BDL) or toxic injury (CCl4) was not aggravated in TGR(mREN2)27 rats, probably due to decreased mouse renin expression in hepatocytes. Interestingly, portal hypertension was even blunted in TGR(mREN2)27 rats (with or without additional injury) by AVE0991. TGR(mREN2)27 rats are a suitable model of spontaneous liver fibrosis and portal hypertension but not with increased susceptibility to liver damage. After additional injury, the animals can be used to evaluate novel therapeutic strategies targeting Mas

Fine Selmer groups of modular forms

We compare the Iwasawa invariants of fine Selmer groups of $p$-adic Galois representations over admissible $p$-adic Lie extensions of a number field $K$ to the Iwasawa invariants of ideal class groups along these Lie extensions. More precisely, let $K$ be a number field, let $V$ be a $p$-adic representation of the absolute Galois group $G_K$ of $K$, and choose a $G_K$-invariant lattice ${T \subseteq V}$. We study the fine Selmer groups of ${A = V/T}$ over suitable $p$-adic Lie extensions $K_\infty/K$, comparing their corank and $\mu$-invariant to the corank and the $\mu$-invariant of the Iwasawa module of ideal class groups in $K_\infty/K$. In the second part of the article, we compare the Iwasawa $\mu$- and $l_0$-invariants of the fine Selmer groups of CM modular forms on the one hand and the Iwasawa invariants of ideal class groups on the other hand over trivialising multiple $\mathbb{Z}_p$-extensions of $K$

Gesundheitsbewusstsein und Gesundheitskompetenz von Menschen mit Behinderung

Hintergrund: Menschen mit Behinderung zählen zu Bevölkerungsgruppen in vulnerabler Lebenslage und wurden in der Forschung zum Gesundheitsbewusstsein und zur Gesundheitskompetenz bisher selten berücksichtigt. Ziel der Studie ist es daher, das Gesundheitsbewusstsein und die Gesundheitskompetenz von Menschen mit Behinderung in Einrichtungen der Eingliederungshilfe in Deutschland erstmals durch Selbstbeurteilung mithilfe eines Fragebogens in Leichter Sprache zu erfassen. Material und Methoden: Das Datenmaterial wurde in 19 Einrichtungen der Eingliederungs- und Behindertenhilfe bei 351 Menschen mit Lernschwierigkeiten, psychischer, chronischer sowie körperlicher Behinderung in Deutschland erhoben. Das Gesundheitsbewusstsein und die Gesundheitskompetenz wurden mittels Fragebogen in Leichter Sprache erfasst. Uni- und bivariate Analysen wurden durchgeführt. Ergebnisse: Ein niedriges Gesundheitsbewusstsein, insbesondere in der Dimension Eigenverantwortung und Achtsamkeit, gaben 38,9 % der Befragten an. Hinsichtlich der Gesundheitskompetenz berichteten knapp 64 % von Schwierigkeiten im Umgang mit gesundheitsbezogenen Informationen, wobei der prozentuale Anteil in den Dimensionen Prävention und Krankheitsbewältigung der Gesundheitskompetenz am höchsten lag. Befragte mit einem niedrigen Gesundheitsbewusstsein gaben häufiger Schwierigkeiten im Umgang mit Gesundheitsinformationen an. Schlussfolgerung: Die Studie verdeutlicht einen Bedarf an Förderung des Gesundheitsbewusstseins und der Gesundheitskompetenz im Setting der Eingliederungs- und Behindertenhilfe. Maßnahmen zur Stärkung des Gesundheitsbewusstseins und der Gesundheitskompetenz sollten zielgruppenspezifisch und unter Beteiligung der Bedarfsgruppen (z. B. partizipative Entwicklung von Informationsmaterialien zu gesundheitsbezogenen Themen) erfolgen