The Role of Comorbid Mood Disorders in Cognitive Behavioral Therapy for Childhood Social Anxiety

Background: Children with a social anxiety disorder have worse treatment outcomes after Cognitive Behavior Therapy (CBT) than children with other anxiety disorders. Anxiety disorders and mood disorders are strongly related and especially social anxiety is related to high comorbidity rates with mood disorders. The aim of the study was to investigate how comorbid mood disorders are related to treatment outcomes after CBT and whether this can explain the worse outcomes for childhood social anxiety. Methods: Participants were 152 referred clinically children (7–18 years) with either a social anxiety disorder (n = 52) or another anxiety disorder (n = 100) of whom 24.3% (n = 37) had a comorbid mood disorder. Child anxiety, internalizing symptoms, and quality of life were measured pre-treatment, post-treatment, 3 months and 1 year after treatment, using child and both parents’ report. Results: Children with a primary social anxiety disorder more often had a comorbid mood disorder than children with another primary anxiety disorder. Children with a mood disorder had more severe anxiety problems before treatment. Comorbid mood disorders were related to greater anxiety reductions after treatment. The worse outcomes for children with a primary social anxiety disorder remained after controlling for comorbid mood disorders. Conclusions: Findings stress the importance of future studies examining why the presence of a comorbid mood disorder is associated with greater anxiety reductions, and other factors that explain the worse treatment outcomes found for childhood social anxiety disorder.</p

Zeros of the Partition Function and Pseudospinodals in Long-Range Ising Models

The relation between the zeros of the partition function and spinodal critical points in Ising models with long-range interactions is investigated. We find the spinodal is associated with the zeros of the partition function in four-dimensional complex temperature/magnetic field space. The zeros approach the real temperature/magnetic field plane as the range of interaction increases.Comment: 20 pages, 9 figures, accepted to PR

Validating the Radboud faces database from a child's perspective

Contains fulltext : 207293.pdf (publisher's version ) (Open Access)Facial expressions play a central role in diverse areas of psychology. However, facial stimuli are often only validated by adults, and there are no face databases validated by school-aged children. Validation by children is important because children still develop emotion recognition skills and may have different perceptions than adults. Therefore, in this study, we validated the adult Caucasian faces of the Radboud Faces Database (RaFD) in 8- to 12-year-old children (N = 652). Additionally, children rated valence, clarity, and model attractiveness. Emotion recognition rates were relatively high (72%; compared to 82% in the original validation by adults). Recognition accuracy was highest for happiness, below average for fear and disgust, and lowest for contempt. Children showed roughly the same emotion recognition pattern as adults, but were less accurate in distinguishing similar emotions. As expected, in general, 10- to 12-year-old children had a higher emotion recognition accuracy than 8- and 9-year-olds. Overall, girls slightly outperformed boys. More nuanced differences in these gender and age effects on recognition rates were visible per emotion. The current study provides researchers with recommendation on how to use the RaFD adult pictures in child studies. Researchers can select appropriate stimuli for their research using the online available validation data.17 p

A Two-dimensional Superconductor in a Tilted Magnetic Field - new states with finite Cooper-pair momentum

Varying the angle Theta between applied field and the conducting planes of a layered superconductor in a small interval close to the plane-parallel field direction, a large number of superconducting states with unusual properties may be produced. For these states, the pair breaking effect of the magnetic field affects both the orbital and the spin degree of freedom. This leads to pair wave functions with finite momentum, which are labeled by Landau quantum numbers 0<n<\infty. The stable order parameter structure and magnetic field distribution for these states is found by minimizing the quasiclassical free energy near H_{c2} including nonlinear terms. One finds states with coexisting line-like and point-like order parameter zeros and states with coexisting vortices and antivortices. The magnetic response may be diamagnetic or paramagnetic depending on the position within the unit cell. The structure of the Fulde-Ferrell-Larkin-Ovchinnikov (FFLO) states at Theta=0 is reconsidered. The transition n->\infty of the paramagnetic vortex states to the FFLO-limit is analyzed and the physical reason for the occupation of higher Landau levels is pointed out.Comment: 24 pages, 11 figure