La couleur et l’estampe

Après l’exposition en 2010 accompagnée de son catalogue Hochzeit von Bild und Buch, la bibliothèque Herzog August de Wolfenbüttel (HAB) se propose cette année encore de présenter un aspect particulier de l’histoire de la gravure. Le catalogue publié en 2011, Lichtspiel und Farbenpracht : Entwicklungen des Farbdrucks 1500-1800, revient sur le développement des techniques des impressions en couleurs et de leurs différentes utilisations sur feuilles volantes et dans les ouvrages imprimés princip..

Erhart Schlitzor

Le rayonnement artistique de Strasbourg à la Renaissance est en partie lié au nombre d’ouvrages imprimés au sein de la ville et à la qualité des illustrations de ceux-ci. Parmi les nombreux peintres et graveurs qui ont participé à l’ornement de ces livres, l’un d’eux, à partir de 1514, a marqué de ses initiales ES quelques-unes de ses gravures sur bois : il s’agit d’Ehart Schlitzor. Bien qu’il soit un des rares artistes de cette période sur la vie duquel on possède des textes d’archive, il n’est devenu un sujet de recherches qu’à de très rares occasions. En outre, il n’existe aucune concordance entre les différents répertoires consacrés à ses gravures. Ainsi, l’objectif du présent article est-il de brosser, de manière plus précise, un portrait d’Erhart Schlitzor, et plus encore de présenter un nouveau catalogue de ses œuvres. Ce dernier ambitionne de regrouper et l’ensemble des gravures marquées par le monogramme E.S., et les attributions antérieures faites à tort. De plus, de nouvelles attributions seront proposées.The artistic influence of Strasbourg during the Renaissance is linked, in part, to the number of works printed in the town and the quality of the illustrations included in these works. Amongst the painters and engravers who participated in the decoration of these books, one, Ehart Schlitzor, began signing some of his wood engravings “ES” from 1514 onwards. While Schlitzor is one of the few artists from this period for whom documentary evidence exists, very little research has been undertaken on him. Moreover, there is no concordance between the different repertories of his engravings. The aim of the present article is to paint a more precise picture of Erhart Schlitzor, and to provide a new catalogue of his work. This catalogue aims to regroup both those engravings marked with the ES monogram and those works erroneously attributed to Schlitzor in the past. We shall also suggest some other works which could be also attributed to the artist

A Relação entre a Gengivite Ulcerativa Necrosante e a NOMA

A Gengivite Ulcerativa Necrosante (GUN) é uma doença com natureza aguda, dolorosa e destrutiva, o que a torna única. Este doença tem vários fatores predisponentes como o stress, deficiências nutricionais e disfunções do sistema imunológico, especialmente infeção pelo HIV, que parecem desempenhar um papel importante na sua patogénese. A GUN pode levar à Periodontite Ulcerativa Necrosante e, até mesmo evoluir para Noma. A Noma é uma doença infeciosa grave, oportunista, gangrenosa e devastadora que leva à destruição severa dos tecidos moles e duros da região oro facial. Está associada a alta morbidade e mortalidade. Há estudos recentes que sugerem que as mesmas bactérias (ou muito parecidas) estão presentes em lesões da Noma e da GUN. Objetivo: Este trabalho tem como objetivo principal entender a relação entre a Gengivite Ulcerativa Necrosante e a Noma, e como objetivos secundários conhecer o que é a patologia Noma e por fim saber como detetar e tratar a patologia Noma. Materiais e Método: Foi realizada uma pesquisa eletrónica na base de dados Pubmed e no network Research Gate com o objetivo de fazer uma revisão de literatura acerca do tema “Gengivite Ulcerativa Necrosante e Noma”. Conclusão: A gengivite ulcerativa necrosante é a precursora da Noma, apresentam os mesmos fatores predisponentes, os mesmos microorganismos e ocorrem nos mesmos espaços geográficos onde existe pobreza extrema, má higiene oral e malnutrição. Noma é uma doença gangrenosa, oportunista, mutilante e irreversível com alta taxa de mortalidade e lesões faciais devastadoras com consequências funcionais estéticas que levam (muitas vezes) à rejeição pela sociedade e pela própria família. O primeiro sinal da Noma é o aparecimento de uma úlcera na mucosa com edema do rosto que se estende de dentro para fora, destruindo rapidamente as partes moles e duras da face. Pode ser evitada através de prevenção, difundindo informação adequada e clara sobre a doença, sobre as suas causas e manifestações à população visada; construindo redes de saneamento e habitações dignas, fornecendo alimentos, água e vacinas e mantendo uma higiene oral satisfatória. O tratamento precoce da GUN permite estabilizar a doença e impedir a sua evolução para Noma. O único tratamento quando a doença está estabelecida é a cirurgia maxilofacia

A Cone Jet-Finding Algorithm for Heavy-Ion Collisions at LHC Energies

Standard jet finding techniques used in elementary particle collisions have not been successful in the high track density of heavy-ion collisions. This paper describes a modified cone-type jet finding algorithm developed for the complex environment of heavy-ion collisions. The primary modification to the algorithm is the evaluation and subtraction of the large background energy, arising from uncorrelated soft hadrons, in each collision. A detailed analysis of the background energy and its event-by-event fluctuations has been performed on simulated data, and a method developed to estimate the background energy inside the jet cone from the measured energy outside the cone on an event-by-event basis. The algorithm has been tested using Monte-Carlo simulations of Pb+Pb collisions at $\sqrt{s}=5.5$ TeV for the ALICE detector at the LHC. The algorithm can reconstruct jets with a transverse energy of 50 GeV and above with an energy resolution of $\sim30$.Comment: 13 pages, 7 figure

QCT-based spatio-temporal aging atlas of the proximal femur BMD and cortical geometry

Aging is associated with an increased risk of fragility fractures at the hip, resulting from a loss of bone mass. While this loss is typically reported as a decreased mean areal bone mineral density (aBMD) in the proximal femur or the femoral neck, its evolution is spatially inhomogeneous, which might also contribute to the increased risk of fractures. Yet, little is known about the evolution of BMD distribution and cortical thickness with age in the proximal femur. We propose a 3D spatio-temporal atlas of the proximal femur to identify regions with high BMD losses and cortical thinning. The atlas is based on 532 post-mortem QCT scans from donors aged 20 to 94, including 179 female subjects. A point cloud with anatomically corresponding positions was defined for each femur based on a personalized coordinate system. The evolution of BMD and cortical thickness was computed as a multiple linear regression with age and BMI, for female and male subjects separately. The average BMD decrease with age was significant in all subregions for both sexes but higher in females. High BMD losses were observed in the superior and middle neck regions, in the medial part of the head, and in the trochanteric trabecular bone. BMD was well preserved in the inferior neck and, for males, in cortical regions. In both sexes, the cortical thickness decreased significantly in the superior and posterior neck cortex and increased significantly in the inferior neck. Higher BMI was associated with increased BMD in the inferior neck and medial shaft cortex, as well as with increased cortical thickness in all neck and shaft regions for both sexes. The spatio-temporal atlas showed the evolution of BMD distribution and cortical thickness in the proximal femur, with high losses in typical fracture locations, such as the femoral neck and pertrochanteric regions.</p

Transcriptional plasticity bufers genetic variation in zinc homeostasis

In roots of Arabidopsis thaliana, Zn can be either loaded into the xylem for translocation to the shoot or stored in vacuoles. Vacuolar storage is achieved through the action of the Zn/Cd transporter HMA3 (Heavy Metal Atpase 3). The Col-0 accession has an HMA3 loss-of-function allele resulting in high shoot Cd, when compared to accession CSHL-5 which has a functional allele and low shoot Cd. Interestingly, both Col-0 and CSHL-5 have similar shoot Zn concentrations. We hypothesize that plants sense changes in cytosolic Zn that are due to variation in HMA3 function, and respond by altering expression of genes related to Zn uptake, transport and compartmentalisation, in order to maintain Zn homeostasis. The expression level of genes known to be involved in Zn homeostasis were quantified in both wildtype Col-0 and Col-0::HMA3CSHL-5 plants transformed with the functional CSHL-5 allele of HMA3. We observed significant positive correlations between expression of HMA3 and of genes known to be involved in Zn homeostasis, including ZIP3, ZIP4, MTP1, and bZIP19. The results support our hypothesis that alteration in the level of function of HMA3 is counterbalanced by the fine regulation of the Zn homeostasis gene network in roots of A. thaliana

Door to Door Survey and Community Participation to Implement a New County Mosquito Control Program in Wayne County, North Carolina, USA

Community involvement in mosquito management programs provides more sustainable and effective organization and service. A door to door survey in Wayne County, NC carried out by student volunteers, resulted in 60 household responses. Residents had not previously experienced outreach from the county (88%), and 95% of them thought the student door to door survey was an effective form of outreach. One third of the residents thought mosquitoes were severe where they lived, but only 9% thought they had any containers in their yard that might breed mosquitoes. Only 15% of the residents were concerned about mosquito borne diseases. These responses provide evidence that outreach and education on mosquito control and diseases were necessary steps for future mosquito control community planning. Originally published in International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 2009 Vol. 6, No. 8

Two decades of tuberculosis surveillance reveal disease spread, high levels of exposure and mortality and marked variation in disease progression in wild meerkats

Infections with tuberculosis (TB)-causing agents of the Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex threaten human, livestock and wildlife health globally due to the high capacity to cross trans-species boundaries. Tuberculosis is a cryptic disease characterized by prolonged, sometimes lifelong subclinical infections, complicating disease monitoring. Consequently, our understanding of infection risk, disease progression, and mortality across species affected by TB remains limited. The TB agent Mycobacterium suricattae was first recorded in the late 1990s in a wild population of meerkats inhabiting the Kalahari in South Africa and has since spread considerably, becoming a common cause of meerkat mortality. This offers an opportunity to document the epidemiology of naturally spreading TB in a wild population. Here, we synthesize more than 25 years’ worth of TB reporting and social interaction data across 3420 individuals to track disease spread, and quantify rates of TB social exposure, progression, and mortality. We found that most meerkats had been exposed to the pathogen within eight years of first detection in the study area, with exposure reaching up to 95% of the population. Approximately one quarter of exposed individuals progressed to clinical TB stages, followed by physical deterioration and death within a few months. Since emergence, 11.6% of deaths were attributed to TB, although the true toll of TB-related mortality is likely higher. Lastly, we observed marked variation in disease progression among individuals, suggesting inter-individual differences in both TB susceptibility and resistance. Our results highlight that TB prevalence and mortality could be higher than previously reported, particularly in species or populations with complex social group dynamics. Long-term studies, such as the present one, allow us to assess temporal variation in disease prevalence and progression and quantify exposure, which is rarely measured in wildlife. Long-term studies are highly valuable tools to explore disease emergence and ecology and study host–pathogen co-evolutionary dynamics in general, and its impact on social mammals